Engineering Commons^™

Measurement Of Electron Density And Temperature From Laser-Induced Nitrogen Plasma At Elevated Pressure (1–6 Bar), Ashwin P. Rao [*], Mark Gragston, Anil K. Patnaik, Paul S. Hsu, Michael B. Shattan

Faculty Publications

Laser-induced plasmas experience Stark broadening and shifts of spectral lines carrying spectral signatures of plasma properties. In this paper, we report time-resolved Stark broadening measurements of a nitrogen triplet emission line at 1–6 bar ambient pressure in a pure nitrogen cell. Electron densities are calculated using the Stark broadening for different pressure conditions, which are shown to linearly increase with pressure. Additionally, using a Boltzmann fit for the triplet, the electron temperature is calculated and shown to decrease with increasing pressure. The rate of plasma cooling is observed to increase with pressure. The reported Stark broadening based plasma diagnostics in …

Multiple Pursuer Multiple Evader Differential Games, Eloy Garcia, David Casbeer, Alexander Von Moll, Meir Pachter

Faculty Publications

In this paper an N-pursuer vs. M-evader team conflict is studied. The differential game of border defense is addressed and we focus on the game of degree in the region of the state space where the pursuers are able to win. This work extends classical differential game theory to simultaneously address weapon assignments and multi-player pursuit-evasion scenarios. Saddle-point strategies that provide guaranteed performance for each team regardless of the actual strategies implemented by the opponent are devised. The players' optimal strategies require the co-design of cooperative optimal assignments and optimal guidance laws. A representative measure of performance is proposed and …

Development And Characterisation Of High Surface Energy Microstructured Sol-Gel Coatings For Sensing Applications, Emma Machugh

Doctoral

This study investigates the development of high surface energy photoreactive organic inorganic hybrid sol-gel coatings for the microstructuration of high-resolution microfluidic platforms and optofluidic biosensor platforms by standard photolithography processes. To achieve this, the first step of our work consisted of identifying the fundamental physico chemical processes governing the structuration and surface properties of hybrid organic inorganic sol-gel coatings. For this purpose, a reference material based on the combination of an organosilane (3-Methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane, MAPTMS) and a transition metal (zirconium propoxide, ZPO), was firstly developed and characterised. It was highlighted that chemical, physical and combined physical and chemical processes can be …

Measurement And Simulation Study On Effective Drainage Radius Of Borehole Along Coal Seam, Wei Qin, Jialin Xu, Guozhong Hu, Jie Gao, Guang Xu

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A measurement study was conducted for the effective drainage radius of borehole along coal seam #9 of the Kaiyuan Coal Mine using the gas pressure method and gas flow method. The measurement results show that the effective drainage radius of borehole along coal seam #9 was 0.75 m, 27 days after drainage, and 1.5 m, 92 days after drainage. Experimental schemes were designed for the entire evolution of the stress in the coal mass around the borehole, and an experimental study on methane seepage in the coal mass around borehole was conducted. Fitting functions for the permeability of the coal …

Estimating Cognitive Workload In An Interactive Virtual Reality Environment Using Eeg, Christoph Tremmel, Christain Herff, Tetsuya Sato, Krzysztof Rechowicz, Yusuke Yamani, Dean J. Krusienski

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

With the recent surge of affordable, high-performance virtual reality (VR) headsets, there is unlimited potential for applications ranging from education, to training, to entertainment, to fitness and beyond. As these interfaces continue to evolve, passive user-state monitoring can play a key role in expanding the immersive VR experience, and tracking activity for user well-being. By recording physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) during use of a VR device, the user's interactions in the virtual environment could be adapted in real-time based on the user's cognitive state. Current VR headsets provide a logical, convenient, and unobtrusive framework for mounting EEG …

Design And Modeling Of A New Biomimetic Soft Robotic Jellyfish Using Ipmc-Based Electroactive Polymers, Zakai J. Olsen, Kwang J. Kim

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Smart materials and soft robotics have been seen to be particularly well-suited for developing biomimetic devices and are active fields of research. In this study, the design and modeling of a new biomimetic soft robot is described. Initial work was made in the modeling of a biomimetic robot based on the locomotion and kinematics of jellyfish. Modifications were made to the governing equations for jellyfish locomotion that accounted for geometric differences between biology and the robotic design. In particular, the capability of the model to account for the mass and geometry of the robot design has been added for better …

Extraction And Visualization Of Orientation Data From Virtual Geologic Surfaces With Matlab®, Avery J. Welker, John Patrick Hogan, Andreas Eckert

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-resolution visualization of surfaces of geologic interest, at a multitude of scales, using 3D point cloud technologies provides an opportunity to analyze spatial relationships of surfaces using orientation data. We present a MATLAB® script that produces planar geologic attitude data (e.g., strike, dip, and dip-direction data) from 3D datasets (e.g., point clouds, 3D scanning). The method utilizes Cartesian coordinates of triangular planar surfaces and converts them into matrices of conventional geologic attitude data. Spatial relationships among data points can be investigated, using polar tangent diagrams, stereographic analysis, or geologic curvature analysis. We utilize this script to create "synthetic" graphical plots …

E-Mobility -- Advancements And Challenges, Aswad Adib, Khurram K. Afridi, Mahshid Amirabadi, Fariba Fateh, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Brad Lehman, Laura H. Lewis, Behrooz Mirafzal, Maryam Saeedifard, Mohammad B. Shadmand, Pourya Shamsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mobile platforms cover a broad range of applications from small portable electric devices, drones, and robots to electric transportation, which influence the quality of modern life. The end-to-end energy systems of these platforms are moving toward more electrification. Despite their wide range of power ratings and diverse applications, the electrification of these systems shares several technical requirements. Electrified mobile energy systems have minimal or no access to the power grid, and thus, to achieve long operating time, ultrafast charging or charging during motion as well as advanced battery technologies are needed. Mobile platforms are space-, shape-, and weight-constrained, and therefore, …

Open Electronics For Medical Devices: State-Of-Art And Unique Advantages, Gaurav Pandey, Ankit Vora

Michigan Tech Publications

A wide range of medical devices have significant electronic components. Compared to open-source medical software, open (and open-source) electronic hardware has been less published in peer-reviewed literature. In this review, we explore the developments, significance, and advantages of using open platform electronic hardware for medical devices. Open hardware electronics platforms offer not just shorter development times, reduced costs, and customization; they also offer a key potential advantage which current commercial medical devices lack—seamless data sharing for machine learning and artificial intelligence. We explore how various electronic platforms such as microcontrollers, single board computers, field programmable gate arrays, development boards, and …

Inas(111)A Homoepitaxy With Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Kevin D. Vallejo, Trent A. Garrett, Kathryn E. Sautter, Kevin Saythavy, Baolai Liang, Paul J. Simmonds

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The authors have established a robust set of growth conditions for homoepitaxy of high-quality InAs with a (111)A crystallographic orientation by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By tuning the substrate temperature, the authors obtain a transition from a 2D island growth mode to step-flow growth. Optimized MBE parameters (substrate temperature = 500 °C, growth rate = 0.12ML/s, and V/III ratio ≥ 40) lead to the growth of extremely smooth InAs(111)A films, free from hillocks and other 3D surface imperfections. The authors see a correlation between InAs surface smoothness and optical quality, as measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. This work establishes InAs(111)A as …

A Parametric Study For In-Pile Use Of The Thermal Conductivity Needle Probe Using A Transient, Multilayered Analytical Model, Courtney Hollar, Austin Fleming, Kurt Davis, Ralph Budwig, Colby Jensen, David Estrada

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

By utilizing an in-pile measurement, thermal conductivity can be determined under prototypic conditions over a range of burnup. In this work we develop a multilayer quadrupoles analytical model to describe the transient thermal interactions between a line heat source (i.e. needle probe) and cylindrical nuclear fuel geometry for inpile thermal conductivity measurements. A finite element analysis of the detailed needle probe geometry was compared to results from the analytical model to verify the assumptions made in the analytical model. Experimentally, the needle probe was used to measure the thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and stainless steel 304 with three different …

Electroosmotic Flow Of Viscoelastic Fluid In A Nanochannel Connecting Two Reservoirs, Lanju Mei, Shizhi Qian

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) of viscoelastic fluid with Linear Phan-Thien–Tanner (LPTT) constitutive model in a nanochannel connecting two reservoirs is numerically studied. For the first time, the influence of viscoelasticity on the EOF and the ionic conductance in the micro-nanofluidic interconnect system, with consideration of the electrical double layers (EDLs), is investigated. Regardless of the bulk salt concentration, significant enhancement of the flow rate is observed for viscoelastic fluid compared to the Newtonian fluid, due to the shear thinning effect. An increase in the ionic conductance of the nanochannel occurs for the viscoelastic fluid. The enhancement of the ionic conductance is …

Kinetics Of Silver Photodiffusion Into Amorphous S-Rich Germanium Sulphide – Neutron And Optical Reflectivity, Yoshifumi Sakaguchi, Hidehito Asaoka, Maria Mitkova

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Silver photodiffusion is one of the attractive photo-induced changes observed in amorphous chalcogenides. In this research, we focus on amorphous S-rich germanium sulphide and study the kinetics of the silver photodiffusion by neutron reflectivity, as well as optical reflectivity. It was found from the neutron reflectivity profiles with 30 s time resolution that silver dissolved into the germanium sulphide layer, forming a metastable reaction layer between the Ag and the germanium sulphide layers, within 2 min of light exposure. Subsequently, silver slowly diffused from the metastable reaction layer to the germanium sulphide host layer until the Ag concentration in both …

Adaptive-Hybrid Redundancy With Error Injection, Nicholas S. Hamilton, Scott R. Graham, Timothy Carbino, James C. Petrosky, J. Addison Betances

Faculty Publications

Adaptive-Hybrid Redundancy (AHR) shows promise as a method to allow flexibility when selecting between processing speed and energy efficiency while maintaining a level of error mitigation in space radiation environments. Whereas previous work demonstrated AHR’s feasibility in an error free environment, this work analyzes AHR performance in the presence of errors. Errors are deliberately injected into AHR at specific times in the processing chain to demonstrate best and worst case performance impacts. This analysis demonstrates that AHR provides flexibility in processing speed and energy efficiency in the presence of errors

Moving From Walkability? Evaluation Traditional And Merging Data Sources For Evaluating Changes In Campus-Generated Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Troy Kawahara, Bo Liu, Anurag Pande, Calvin Thigpen, Carole Turley Voulgaris

Mineta Transportation Institute Publications

Universities are increasingly committing to reduce campus-generated greenhouse gas emissions, whether voluntarily or in response to a legal mandate. As an initial step to keeping these commitments, universities need an accounting of baseline greenhouse gas emissions levels and means of monitoring changes in campus-generated greenhouse gas emissions over time. Commute-generated greenhouse gas emissions from travel to and from campus by students and employees are among the most difficult to quantify. This report examines some of the challenges associated with estimating campus-generated greenhouse gas emissions and evaluates ways to address those challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify changes …

Flexibility Of Remediation Methods For Winding Open Circuit Faults In A Multiphase Pm Machine Considering Iron Losses Minimization, Fan Wu, Ayman M. El-Refaie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The flexibility of post-fault control in multiphase machine systems stems from their multiple degrees of freedom. A post-fault loss-minimization method is proposed and investigated in this paper, in which both the machine copper and iron losses are considered during the derivation of post-fault remediation methods. Therefore, machine efficiency during post-fault operation can be further improved compared to the conventional stator-ohmic-loss-minimization approach. In addition, the combination of three key factors/constraints that can influence the post-fault control strategy of a six-phase permanent magnet (PM) machine has been investigated. By comparing four selected remediation methods based on three constraints, the pros and cons …

Secure Virtual Machine Placement In Cloud Data Centers, Amit Agarwal, Nguyen Binh Duong Ta

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Due to an increasing number of avenues for conducting cross-VM side-channel attacks, the security of multi-tenant public IaaS cloud environments is a growing concern. These attacks allow an adversary to steal private information from a target user whose VM instance is co-located with that of the adversary. In this paper, we focus on secure VM placement algorithms which a cloud provider can use for the automatic enforcement of security against such co-location based attacks. To do so, we first establish a metric for evaluating and quantifying co-location security of multi-tenant public IaaS clouds, and then propose a novel VM placement …

Stressmon: Scalable Detection Of Perceived Stress And Depression Using Passive Sensing Of Changes In Work Routines And Group Interactions, Nur Camellia Binte Zakaria, Rajesh Balan, Youngki Lee

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Stress and depression are a common affliction in all walks of life. When left unmanaged, stress can inhibit productivity or cause depression. Depression can occur independently of stress. There has been a sharp rise in mobile health initiatives to monitor stress and depression. However, these initiatives usually require users to install dedicated apps or multiple sensors, making such solutions hard to scale. Moreover, they emphasise sensing individual factors and overlook social interactions, which plays a significant role in influencing stress and depression while being a part of a social system. We present StressMon, a stress and depression detection system that …

Power Law Growth And Delayed Feedbacks In Socio‐Hydrological Systems, Anthony J. Parolari, Gabriele Manolia

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Water infrastructure dynamics result from coupled social and physical hydrological processes embedded in “socio‐hydrological systems” (SHSs). Freshwater fuels socioeconomic activity, which in turn exerts pressure on water resources through increased water demand and water quality degradation. Many factors emphasize the need for quantitative tools to predict the future of these systems, including SHS failures due to growing water scarcity from population growth and climate change. However, unfolding the interactions between social and hydrological factors continues to resist theoretical treatment, impeding progress toward a predictive framework. To resolve this issue, we propose and evaluate time delays as surrogates for the social …

From Critical Behavior To Catastrophic Runaways: Comparing Sheared Granular Materials With Bulk Metallic Glasses, Alan A. Long, Dmitry Denisov, Peter Schall, Todd C. Hufnagel, Xiaojun Gu, Wendelin J. Wright, Karin A. Dahmen

Faculty Journal Articles

The flow of granular materials and metallic glasses is governed by strongly correlated, avalanche-like deformation. Recent comparisons focused on the scaling regimes of the small avalanches, where strong similarities were found in the two systems. Here, we investigate the regime of large avalanches by computing the temporal profile or “shape” of each one, i.e., the time derivative of the stress-time series during each avalanche. We then compare the experimental statistics and dynamics of these shapes in granular media and bulk metallic glasses. We complement the experiments with a mean-field model that predicts a critical size beyond which avalanches turn into …

Stormwater Management Actions Under Regulatory Pressure: A Case Study Of Southeast Wisconsin, Walter M. Mcdonald, Joseph Naughton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In the United States, new legislation has given regulatory authorities greater oversight of municipal stormwater management programs. However, estimating the impact of greater oversight on municipal actions is difficult due to the uncertainty in current compliance efforts and their associated costs. This paper seeks to fill this gap through a case study of NPDES stormwater runoff permit reports from municipalities in Southeast Wisconsin. Specifically, this study evaluates the reported actions and expenditures against socioeconomic variables to identify the relationships between cost, socioeconomics, and the best management practices (BMPs) used for compliance. Results indicate that there are distinct differences between municipalities …

Utilizing A Single Silica Nanospring As An Insulating Support To Characterize The Electrical Transport And Morphology Of Nanocrystalline Graphite, David Estrada, Paul H. Davis, Twinkle Pandhi

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A graphitic carbon, referred to as graphite from the University of Idaho thermolyzed asphalt reaction (GUITAR), was coated in silica nanosprings and silicon substrates via the pyrolysis of commercial roofing tar at 800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that GUITAR is an agglomeration of carbon nanospheres formed by the accretion of graphitic flakes into a ~100 nm layer. Raman spectroscopic analyses, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicate that GUITAR has a nanocrystalline structure consisting of ~1–5 nm graphitic flakes interconnected by amorphous sp³ bonded carbon. …

Average Speech Directivity, Samuel D. Bellows, Claire M. Pincock, Jennifer K. Whiting, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

Speech directivity describes the angular dependence of acoustic radiation from a talker’s mouth and nostrils and diffraction about his or her body and chair (if seated). It is an essential physical aspect of communication affecting sounds and signals in acoustical environments, audio, and telecommunication systems. Because high-resolution, spherically comprehensive measurements of live, phonetically balanced speech have been unavailable in the past, the authors have undertaken research to produce and share such data for simulations of acoustical environments, optimizations of microphone placements, speech studies, and other applications. The measurements included three male and three female talkers who repeated phonetically balanced passages …

Pharmacokinetics Of 99mTc-Hmpao In Isolated Perfused Rat Lungs, Anne V. Clough, Katherine Barry, Benjamin Michael Rizzo, Elizabeth R. Jacobs, Said H. Audi

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Lung uptake of technetium-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) increases in rat models of human acute lung injury, consistent with increases in lung tissue glutathione (GSH). Since ^99mTc-HMPAO uptake is the net result of multiple cellular and vascular processes, the objective was to develop an approach to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ^99mTc-HMPAO uptake in isolated perfused rat lungs. Lungs of anesthetized rats were excised and connected to a ventilation-perfusion system. ^99mTc-HMPAO (56 MBq) was injected into the pulmonary arterial cannula, a time sequence of images was acquired, and lung time-activity curves were constructed. Imaging was repeated with a range …

Role Of The Cortex In Visuomotor Control Of Arm Stability, Dylan B. Snyder, Scott A. Beardsley, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Whereas numerous motor control theories describe the control of arm trajectory during reach, the control of stabilization in a constant arm position (i.e., visuomotor control of arm posture) is less clear. Three potential mechanisms have been proposed for visuomotor control of arm posture: 1) increased impedance of the arm through co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, 2) corrective muscle activity via spinal/supraspinal reflex circuits, and/or 3) intermittent voluntary corrections to errors in position. We examined the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor control of arm posture and tested the hypothesis that cortical error networks contribute to arm stabilization. We collected electroencephalography …

Alterations In Phenotype And Gene Expression Of Adult Human Aneurysmal Smooth Muscle Cells By Exogenous Nitric Oxide, Kurt Farrell, Phillip Simmers, Gautam Mahajana, Ludovic Boytard, Andrew Camardo, Jyotsna Joshi, Anand Ramamurthi, Florence Pine, Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by matrix remodeling, elastin degradation, absence of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and inflammation, influencing smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and gene expression. Little is known about the biomolecular release and intrinsic biomechanics of human AAA-SMCs. NO delivery could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to restore lost functionality of AAA-SMCs by inhibiting inflammation and cell stiffening. We aim to establish the differences in phenotype and gene expression of adult human AAA-SMCs from healthy SMCs. Based on our previous study which showed benefits of optimal NO dosage delivered via S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to healthy aortic SMCs, we …

An Online Wideband Acoustic Immittance (Wai) Database Andcorresponding Website: Resource Review, Susan E. Voss

Engineering: Faculty Publications

Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measures, which include absorbance, power reflectance, impedance, and other related quantities, offer an objective, noninvasive diagnostic tool for some middle-ear pathologies. An online database for normative adult WAI measures has been designed and implemented in MySQL, with the goal of enabling researchers to share and analyze data across studies.

Access database through ScholarWorks here: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/dds_data/6

Or directly here: http://www.science.smith.edu/wai-database/

2019 (Fall) Ensi Informer Magazine, Morehead State University. Engineering Sciences Department

ENSI Informer Magazine Archive

The ENSI Informer Magazine published in the fall of 2019.

Label-Free Microrna Optical Biosensors, Meimei Lai, Gymama Slaughter

Bioelectrics Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. Many studies show that miRNAs have been linked to almost all kinds of disease. In addition, miRNAs are well preserved in a variety of specimens, thereby making them ideal biomarkers for biosensing applications when compared to traditional protein biomarkers. Conventional biosensors for miRNA require fluorescent labeling, which is complicated, time-consuming, laborious, costly, and exhibits low sensitivity. The detection of miRNA remains a big challenge due to their intrinsic properties such as small sizes, low abundance, and high sequence similarity. A label-free biosensor can simplify the assay and enable the direct detection …

Optimal Combinations Of Utility Level Renewable Generators For A Net Zero Energy Microgrid Considering Different Utility Charge Rates, Evan S. Jones, Huangjie Gong, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

High initial investment and the intermittent nature of resources are major challenges for large scale renewable generation. The size of photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) farms in the microgrid needs optimized to avoid curtailment and to efficiently meet the demand of a power system. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) may also be used to improve flexibility. This paper explores the optimal sizing for PV and wind generators, as well as a BESS at the utility level for a large grid-connected net zero energy (NZE) hybrid microgrid considering characteristics such as initial investment, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), operating costs, …