Engineering Commons^™

Effects Of Antidepressants On Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation On Clinically Relevant Titanium Surfaces, Nancy B. Ayad

Theses and Dissertations

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most frequently prescribed class of drugs worldwide and are implemented in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. SSRIs relieve depressive symptoms by modulating levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. SSRIs block the function of the serotonin transporter, thereby increasing concentrations of extracellular serotonin. However, serotonin levels in the neurons of the brain only account for 5% while the remaining 95% is present outside the brain. Serotonin receptors and transporter are located on bone resident cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and serotonergic activity is believed to affect …

Sparse Adaptive Local Machine Learning Algorithms For Sensing And Analytics, Jack Cannon

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

The goal of digital image processing is to capture, transmit, and display images as efficiently as possible. Such tasks are computationally intensive because an image is digitally represented by large amounts of data. It is possible to render an image by reconstructing it with a subset of the most relevant data. One such procedure used to accomplish this task is commonly referred to as sparse coding. For our purpose, we use images of handwritten digits that are presented to an artificial neural network. The network implements Rozell's locally competitive algorithm (LCA) to generate a sparse code. This sparse code is …

3d Fpga Cell Matrix By Self-Assembly, Jeffrey Udall

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

Physical size limitations in miniaturizing two-dimensional (2D) transistors are becoming more difficult to overcome. In order to continue increasing the processing power of electronic circuits, new design paradigms are needed. Three-dimensional (3D) architectures provide a solution to this issue and are currently being implemented via wafer stacking. However, more significant gains in terms of packing and speed can be achieved by CMOS components with truly integrated 3D cellular architectures. One of these is the Cell Matrix, a self-configurable defect- and fault-tolerant architecture, which is ideally suited for ultra large-scale integration. For this project, we worked to expand the Cell Matrix …

Quantitative Comparison Of A Nanoengineered Alumina Coated Cnt Arrays To Sio2 Coated Cnts And Solution Based Delivery System, Shree Aier

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

To meet the growing need for nanoengineered biocompatible materials to serve as drug delivery platforms, in this research, carbon nanotube arrays were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition, followed by an alumina coating by the high yielding, tightly controlled atomic layer deposition. This nanoengineered vertically aligned alumina nanowire array serves as a platform for delivering antigens, which act as cancer adjuvants. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanowires (NWs) can significantly influence the delivery of a biomolecule to immune cells. To investigate the material characteristics, the delivery efficiency of the antigen using NWs was quantitatively assessed by flow cytometry. Further, the mechanism …

Design For Fractal Grid Generated Turbulence, Moira Gion

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

Fractal geometry can be used to find organization or order in something that appears to be in disorder, or chaos. Turbulence is viewed as one place where fractal geometry can be found in nature. The irregularity in fluid flow is dependent on the initial conditions. In the past, the idea of self-similarity has been used to develop statistical theories of energy cascade in a turbulent flow. Recent studies have done experiments on obstructing flows with fractal objects to observe intermittency, (or self-similarity) within a turbulent flow. Experiments on fractal grid generated turbulence has been performed by other research groups, so …

High-Performance Computing For Drought Prediction, Henry Cooney

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

In recent decades, there has been considerable interest in using satellite soil moisture data to examine the global water-energy cycle and manage water resources. Current satellites are limited in their sensing depth, and can only directly measure top soil layers. Using a particle filter, this data may be fused with the output of a hydrologic simulation to improve simulation results, and characterize a hydrologic system at the watershed level. However, this approach increases computational requirements dramatically, and requires rethinking to accommodate data scaling and achieve good performance.

We present a detailed performance study of several alternative implementations of the hybrid …

Quantum Yield Optimization For Semiconductor Photocatalysis Systems, Ryan Catabay

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

The utilization of photocatalysis has a well-known potential for mineralizing organic contaminants in water purification processes. A continuous flow photocatalytic reactor was developed in order to test the quantum yield of titanium dioxide, a semiconductor material well known for its photocatalytic properties. In order to build this reactor, multiple manufacturing methods were performed: manual and CNC machining, laser cutting, waterjet cutting, and chemical synthesis. A continuous flow reactor was particularly designed for a controlled, variable radiant flux of ultraviolet light. This continuous UV radiation excites the photocatalyst, generating electron hole pairs that form hydroxyl radicals, which in turn mineralize organic …

Complex Capillary Fluidic Phenomena For Passive Control Of Liquids In Low-Gravity Environments, Logan Torres

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

In an effort to further apply the recent results of puddle jumping research, we seek to expand the oblique droplet impact studies of others by exploiting large liquid droplets in the near weightless environment of a drop tower. By using the spontaneous puddle jump mechanism, droplets of volumes 1 mL ≤ V ≤ 3 mL with corresponding Weber numbers of We ≈ 1 are impinged on surfaces inclined in the range 40° ≤ α ≤ 80° (measured from the horizontal plane). Impact surface wetting characteristics exhibit static contact angles θstatic = 165 ± 5°. All impacts result in complete rebound. …

Emerging Adaptive Architectures For Biomolecular Computation, Matthew Fleetwood

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

The goal of this work is to explore applications of reservoir computing in biomolecular computation. Reservoir computing is a unique model for representing a mapping from one instance in time to a specific output. A neural network of randomly connected neurons is linked with a single output neuron or multiple output neurons. The output neurons are capable of mapping inputs to desired outputs using adaptable algorithms. This framework is investigated by using the Python programming language and object oriented design and programming. Neurons are created in programs by bundling information like input data and attributes of the network, which utilize …

Engineered Mushing Cooker, Aimee Ritter

Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience

This project revolves around building methanol cookers for dog mushers in the Iditarod and for the Denali Park Ranger Kennel in Denali National Park, Alaska. Traditional cookers are bulky, slow to burn, and use up a lot of fuel. Our goal has been to revolutionize the way mushing cookers look and perform. Our cookers are built to pack well in the sleds, heat up to 3 gallons of snowmelt, perform in arctic climates, use methanol (specifically HEET) for fuel, and be lightweight. A traditional cooker would use 3 to 4 bottles or more of HEET (36-48+oz.) and take at least …

Iot+Small Data: Transforming In-Store Shopping Analytics And Services, Meera Radhakrishnan, Sougata Sen, Vigneshwaran Subbaraju, Archan Misra, Rajesh Balan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We espouse a vision of small data-based immersive retail analytics, where a combination of sensor data, from personal wearable-devices and store-deployed sensors & IoT devices, is used to create real-time, individualized services for in-store shoppers. Key challenges include (a) appropriate joint mining of sensor & wearable data to capture a shopper’s product level interactions, and (b) judicious triggering of power-hungry wearable sensors (e.g., camera) to capture only relevant portions of a shopper’s in-store activities. To explore the feasibility of our vision, we conducted experiments with 5 smartwatch-wearing users who interacted with objects placed on cupboard racks in our lab (to …

Adaptive Speed Observer With Disturbance Torque Compensation For Sensorless Induction Motor Drives Using Rt-Lab, Mohan Krishna, Febin Daya

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper presents an improved version of the extended Luenberger observer with joint estimation of rotor speed and disturbance torque. The mechanical model of the induction motor is also utilized for the estimation of disturbance torque to add to the robustness of the observer. The estimated disturbance torque is treated as a model disturbance and physically incorporated into the observer state dynamic equation. The dynamic performance and efficacy of the modified observer is tested for variations in external load and inertia coefficient in the mechanical model. The above observer model is first built offline, using MATLAB/Simulink block sets, and simulated. …

The Phononic Crystal Interface Layer Determines Slow-Wave And Pulse Broadening Effects, Li Sun, Aiming Ji, Jialing Hu, Canyan Zhu, Lijun Zhang, Jianfeng Yang, Lingfeng Mao

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The relationship among the slow-wave and echo pulse broadening effects in reflected acoustic waves and the width of the interface layer of phononic crystal has been theoretically investigated. It has been observed that not only the slow time for the reflected acoustic wave but also the echo pulse broadening reaches a saturation point as the size of the phononic crystal increases. From the viewpoint of the acoustic wave, there is an interface layer in the crystal that determines the slow-wave and the echo pulse broadening effects. The longest slow time, which is the time needed for transmitting 0.08 periods of …

A Hybrid Search Method Of Wrapper Feature Selection By Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization And Local Search, Mohammad Masoud Javidi, Nasibeh Emami

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Finding a subset of features from a large dataset is a problem that arises in many fields of study. Since the increasing number of features has extended the computational cost of a system, it is necessary to design and implement a system with the least number of features. The purpose of feature selection is to find the best subset of features from the original ones. The result of the best selection is improving the computational cost and the accuracy of the prediction. A large number of algorithms have been proposed for feature subset selection. In this paper, we propose a …

A Ring Crossover Genetic Algorithm For The Unit Commitment Problem, Syed Basit Ali Bukhari, Aftab Ahmad, Syed Auon Raza, Muhammad Noman Siddique

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The unit commitment problem (UCP) is a nonlinear, mixed-integer, constraint optimization problem and is considered a complex problem in electrical power systems. It is the combination of two interlinked subproblems, namely the generator scheduling problem and the generation allocation problem. In large systems, the UCP turns out to be increasingly complicated due to the large number of possible ON and OFF combinations of units in the power system over a scheduling time horizon. Due to the insufficiency of conventional approaches in handling large systems, numerous metaheuristic techniques are being developed for solving this problem. The genetic algorithm (GA) is one …

A Multiobjective Tuning Approach Of Power System Stabilizers Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Hilal Labdelaoui, Fares Boudjema, Djamel Boukhetala

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This work presents an optimal tuning approach of power system stabilizers (PSSs) using multiobjective particle swarm optimization. Two types of PSSs are investigated, the conventional speed-based PSS type and a dual-input PSS type that uses the accelerating power as an additional input. The tuning problem of these PSSs is formulated as a minimization problem of a vector objective function characterizing the damping and the transient performance of the closed-loop system. A 3-machine 9-bus power system example is considered, and the speed-constrained multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The results show that trade-offs exist between …

Steady State Analysis Of A Three Phase Indirect Matrix Converter Fed 10 Hp, 220 V, 50 Hz Induction Machine For Efficient Energy Generation, Damian Nnadi, Crescent Omeje

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The matrix converter or pulse width modulated frequency changer, invented in the mid-1980s, is a direct power conversion device that can generate a variable voltage and frequency from a variable input source. Industrially, it is applied in adjustable speed control of induction motor drive, power quality conditioner, and traction applications. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the steady state characteristic behavior of an induction machine in terms of its speed and torque when driven by a three phase indirect matrix converter at reduced harmonics. Similarly, projecting an AC-AC matrix converter that ensures a uniform synchronization in frequency and …

An Hf/Uhf Dual Mode Rfid Transponder Antenna And Hf Range Extension Using Uhf Wireless Power Transmission, Mustafa Murat Bi̇lgi̇ç, Korkut Yeği̇n

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

An HF/UHF compatible RFID transponder antenna is designed, simulated, and measured for dual band operation and HF range extension. A dual mode compatible RFID transponder antenna has the benefits of each mode and eliminates the disadvantages of single mode operation. One of the major drawbacks of UHF antennas is their poor performance when the tag is placed on or near metallic objects. To overcome this shortcoming, two-layer substrate with degenerate grounded is used and a 4-turn spiral antenna is placed on the top and bottom parts of the substrate for HF operation. The co-existence of both antennas affects standalone performances …

Electric Arc Furnace Power Quality Improvement By Applying A New Digital And Predicted-Based Tsc Control, Mehdi Torabian Esfahani, Behrooz Vahidi

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Static VAR compensators (SVC) can improve some of the power quality (PQ) indices such as voltage flicker, unbalances, and power factors in power systems if properly controlled. Different nonlinear and time-varying loads generate these parameters. One of the great nonlinear loads is the electric arc furnace (EAF), which causes waveform distortions, voltage unbalances, and fluctuations. In this paper, a new digital and prediction-based control for thyristor switched capacitors (TSCs) was proposed to compensate an actual steel industrial plant. The digital control was based on generating adequate synchronous pulses, calculating required suitable susceptance, and measuring correct reactive power. The proposed TSC …

Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Rapid Charging Station For Electric Vehicles Considering Bangi City Road Network In Malaysia, Mainul Islam, Hussain Shareef, Azah Mohamed

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have been seen as a felicitous option towards a less carbon-intensive road transport. The key issue in this system is recharging the EV batteries before they are exhausted. Thus, charging stations (CSs) should be carefully located to make sure EV users can access a CS within their driving range. Considering geographic information and traffic density, this paper proposes an optimization overture for optimal siting and sizing of a rapid CS (RCS). It aims to minimize the daily total cost (which includes the cost of substation energy loss, traveling cost of EVs to the CS, and investment, …

Fuzzy Speed Estimation In The Case Of Sensorless Induction Machine Vector Control, Mohamed Bahloul, Mansour Souissi, Mohamed Chaabane, Larbi Chrifi Alaoui, Said Drid

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper deals with the problem of sensorless indirect field oriented control of an induction machine. Based on the fourth-order nonlinear model, we propose a novel structure of a full-order Takagi-Sugeno (TS) adaptive observer, through which we ensure the estimation of IM states and the rotor speed, which is considered as an immeasurable premise variable. This approach satisfies global stability for all operating conditions and operates under unknown applied load torque. In this work, a TS fuzzy model is presented to approximate a nonlinear IM model in the stationary rotating reference frame. A TS adaptive observer is then described. We …

Common Spatial Pattern-Based Feature Extraction From The Best Time Segment Of Bci Data, Önder Aydemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Feature extraction is one of the most crucial stages in the field of brain computer interface (BCI). Because of its ability to directly influence the performance of BCI systems, recent studies have generally investigated how to modify existing methods or develop novel techniques. One of the most successful and well-known methods in BCI applications is the common spatial pattern (CSP). In existing CSP-based methods, the spatial filters were extracted either by using the whole data trial or by dividing the trials into a number of overlapping/nonoverlapping time segments. In this paper, we developed a CSP-based moving window technique to obtain …

Using Magnetic Field Analysis To Evaluate The Suitability Of A Magnetic Suspension System For Lightweight Vehicles, Hazril Md Isa, Noor Hafizah Amer, Wan Nor Liza Wan Mahadi, Rahizar Ramli

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A suspension system in a vehicle acts as an isolator that isolates vibrations between the wheel tires and the vehicle body due to road irregularities. Additionally, a suspension system serves as a vehicle stabilizer that stabilizes the vehicle body during unusual driving patterns such as cornering, braking, or accelerating. A controllable suspension system has received significant attention in the automotive world in previous years since it can perform both of the aforementioned tasks without the presence of fluid damper. The study presented in this paper focuses on using magnetic flux density analysis to evaluate a number of parameters of an …

Computer Vision-Based Control Of An Autonomous Blimp, Korkut Beki̇roğlu, Mario Sznaier, Constantino Lagoa, Bahram Shafai

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The objective of this study is twofold: to approximate a model of a blimp, and to use this model to develop a setup to track a target with the blimp that is outfitted with a wireless camera and radio-controlled propellers. This article presents a powerful method to track any moving or stationary target with an unmanned aerial vehicle by combining the advantages of the proportional derivative (PD) controller, continuously adaptive mean shift (Camshift) algorithm, and pulse width modulation (PWM) method. As a result, it is demonstrated that a decent approximation of blimp behavior is sufficient when using a mathematical model …

Vector Control Of A Three-Phase Parallel Connected Two Motor Single Inverter Speed Sensorless Drive, Gunabalan Ramachandran, Subbiah Veerana, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper presents the performance characteristics of two induction motors of the same parameters and ratings connected in parallel and fed by a single inverter. A nature observer is employed to estimate the rotor speeds and rotor fluxes of both induction motors. It also estimates the load torques of both the motors by load torque adaptation. Under unbalanced load conditions, the speed difference between the two induction motors is reduced by considering the average and differential motor parameters and currents. Mean rotor flux is maintained constant by a rotor flux control scheme and the estimation of rotor angle is carried …

Fuzzy Based Design Of Digital Iir Filter Using Etlbo, Damanpreet Singh, Jaspreet Singh Dhillon

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, a population-based robust enhanced teaching--learning-based optimization (ETLBO) algorithm with reduced computational effort and high consistency is applied to design stable digital infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters in a multiobjective framework. Furthermore, a decision-making methodology based on fuzzy set theory is applied to handle nonlinear and multimodal design problems of the IIR digital filter. The original teaching--learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been remodeled by merging the concepts of opposition-based learning and migration for the selection of good candidates and to maintain diversity, respectively. A multiobjective IIR digital filter design problem takes into consideration magnitude and phase response of the …

Determination Of The Striking Distance Of A Lightning Rod Using Finite Element Analysis, Ab Halim Abu Bakar, Alyaa Zainal Abidin, Hazlee Illias, Hazlie Mokhlis, Syahirah Abd Halim, Nor Hidayah Nor Hassan, Chia Kwang Tan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The problems related to electromagnetic waves transmitted by lightning strikes can be studied through physical lightning models based on laboratory results. The main concern of these models is determining the striking distance between the leader tip and the lightning rod during lightning occurrences. The striking distance is a significant factor in designing the lightning protection system. However, models using finite element analysis (FEA) for this purpose are less likely to be found in the literature. Therefore, in this work, a geometry model of a lightning rod and leader was developed using available FEA software. The model was used to determine …

Energy-Aware Stochastic Scheduling Model With Precedence Constraints On Dvfs-Enabled Processors, Mohammad Sajid, Zahid Raza

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The stochastic scheduling of precedence-constrained jobs on a heterogeneous processor is a challenging problem that requires solutions with one or more optimized QoS parameters. In this work, an energy-aware stochastic algorithm is proposed to schedule the batch of precedence-constrained jobs on heterogeneous DVFS-enabled processors with the objective of optimizing turnaround time and energy consumption. The processing time of tasks in all jobs and their precedence-constraint times are governed by independent probability distributions. The performance of the proposed stochastic algorithm is compared with SHEFT and ECS based on randomly generated batches of different sizes. The experimental study reveals that the proposed …

Performance Comparison Of Adaptive Digital Predistortion Algorithms Using Adaptation Time For Mobile Wimax Power Amplifier Applications, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jong-Heon Kim

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we propose that adaptation time be considered a parameter for evaluating the performance of digital filter algorithms in adaptive digital predistorted high-power amplifiers. An adaptive predistorted high-power amplifier with an average power of 37.5 dBm was designed and fabricated for mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) test signals. For performance comparisons using adaptation time, several effective algorithms (such as the least-mean-squares (LMS), recursive-least-squares (RLS), and affine projection (AP) algorithms) were implemented. According to the experimental results, the RLS and AP algorithms achieved a similar linearity improvement of 11 dBr. However, the AP algorithm had the advantage …

Selective Harmonics Elimination Pwm With Self-Balancing Dc-Link In Photovoltaic 7-Level Inverter, Khoukha Imarazene, Hachemi Chekireb, El Madjid Berkouk

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, a new DC-link balancing method for a 7-level inverter fed by a photovoltaic system is proposed. The proposed redundant state technique is associated with selective harmonics elimination (SHE)-PWM instead of space vector (SV)-PWM. The switching angles related to the SHE are computed via the resultant theory method. Moreover, the study of this inverter is carried out on its equivalent matrix model. On the basis of this model, the link between the capacitor voltage, switching states, and load current is established. This allows understanding the switching redundancies' effect on the DC capacitor voltage balance. An algorithm is then …