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2016

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Articles 3901 - 3930 of 9607

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Str-846: Methods Of Comparing Extreme Load Effects Based On Weigh-In-Motion Data, Kien Doan, Bruce F. Sparling, Lisa R. Feldman Jun 2016

Str-846: Methods Of Comparing Extreme Load Effects Based On Weigh-In-Motion Data, Kien Doan, Bruce F. Sparling, Lisa R. Feldman

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The estimation of extreme load effects caused by vehicles is of critical importance in the evaluation and design of bridge structures. Two methods for estimating extreme load effects over the service life of bridges are commonly cited in literature: (1) the use of a fitted probability distribution based on statistical data to extrapolate the extreme load effects on a probability plot, or (2) the application of Monte Carlo simulation to generate representative truck data over a bridge’s lifespan such that maximum load effect values can then be determined directly. In this paper, results obtained using the two aforementioned methods are …

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Str-847: Westminster Drive Underpass – Accelerated Bridge Construction Using Gigo (Get In-Get Out) Bridge Concept, Mark D’Andrea, Wade Young, Andrew Turnbull Jun 2016

Str-847: Westminster Drive Underpass – Accelerated Bridge Construction Using Gigo (Get In-Get Out) Bridge Concept, Mark D’Andrea, Wade Young, Andrew Turnbull

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO), in partnership with consultants and contractors, developed a method for accelerated bridge construction called Get in-Get out Bridge or GiGo Bridge. The GiGo Bridge concept is an Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) technique for replacing bridges over freeways, in 45 days or less, with a full closure of the crossing road. The concept requires that bridge components be prefabricated in advance of the on-site work. This has the advantage of shifting a substantial portion of the work into the winter months, freeing up staff resources and equipment for the summer months. Additional benefits of GiGo …

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Str-849: From Experimental Wind Tunnel To Wind-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Shell Structure, Ahmed A. K. A. Abodonya, Hosam Alsofi, Roland Wüchner, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger Jun 2016

Str-849: From Experimental Wind Tunnel To Wind-Structure Interaction Simulations Of A Shell Structure, Ahmed A. K. A. Abodonya, Hosam Alsofi, Roland Wüchner, Kai-Uwe Bletzinger

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This paper studies the transition from downscaled wind tunnel testing to prototype scale numerical simulations. The study is performed using OpenFOAM as fluid solver, EMPIRE as coupling tool, and Carat++ as the structure solver. The current work aims at finding sufficient settings for wind-structure interaction simulations. Also, the efficiency of the software chain to simulate natural wind flow is approved. For this purpose, different flow conditions such as uniform, atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and flow behind a cube (structure is positioned in the wake region behind a cube) are simulated. These complicated, unsteady, and recirculating flows are simulated to study …

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Str-850: Numerical Modelling Of Reinforced Concrete Block Structural Wall Buildings Under Seismic Loading, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell D. A. Wiebe, Wael El-Dakhakhni Jun 2016

Str-850: Numerical Modelling Of Reinforced Concrete Block Structural Wall Buildings Under Seismic Loading, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell D. A. Wiebe, Wael El-Dakhakhni

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

With the recent shift of design code developers’ focus from component- to system-level assessment of seismic force resisting systems, there is a need to numerically assess the performance of whole buildings. However, reinforced concrete block structural wall buildings are complex structural systems composed of materials with nonlinear and heterogeneous properties, which makes the numerical investigation challenging, especially when seismic behavior is considered. Most previous numerical models of reinforced concrete block walls have considered individual components, rather than the complete building system, and have used relatively complex micro-models. In this paper, OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) is used to …

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Str-852: Performance Assessment Of Three-Story Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Walls, Emad A. Abraik, Maged A. Youssef Jun 2016

Str-852: Performance Assessment Of Three-Story Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced Concrete Walls, Emad A. Abraik, Maged A. Youssef

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

The need for sustainable structures, that provide adequate ductility without experiencing major damage, has led researchers to develop methods to achieve self-centering structures. One of these methods involves the use of superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bars. This study assesses the seismic performance of a three-story SMA Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall considering different potential locations for the SMA bars. The maximum inter-story drift, residual drift, and damage scheme are evaluated using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The use of SMA bars at the plastic hinge of the first floor was found to significantly reduce the residual drifts and associated damage.

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Str-854: Multifunctional And Multiphysics Materials As Load-Bearing Structural Components, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh Shafaroudi, Sara Rankohi Jun 2016

Str-854: Multifunctional And Multiphysics Materials As Load-Bearing Structural Components, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh Shafaroudi, Sara Rankohi

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Multifunctional and multiphysics cellular solids are introduced in this paper as load-bearing structural components. Cellular solids offer a robust low-mass alternative for applications requiring lightweight and stiff components. The unique properties of cellular solids are achieved through cell geometry, connectivity, relative density, and properties of constituent materials. Inspired by biological systems, smart cellular solids can integrate low-mass, sensing/actuating, and self-healing properties into structural components. Discrete fabrication, by integrating patches of smart/active materials onto cellular solids, and continuous fabrication, using additive manufacturing, are two fabrication techniques for the manufacturing of multifunctional cellular solids. We propose a multiscale methodology for the analysis …

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Str-855: Instantaneous Deflections Of Concrete Slabs Computed Using Discretized Analysis, Caitlin Mancuso, F. Michael Bartlett Jun 2016

Str-855: Instantaneous Deflections Of Concrete Slabs Computed Using Discretized Analysis, Caitlin Mancuso, F. Michael Bartlett

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Excessive deflection of concrete floor slabs is a recurring serviceability problem (Gilbert 2012, Stivaros 2012). Current practice is to compute deflections using either a single-element idealization, where an average effective moment of inertia is assigned to the entire member, or a discretized analysis, where the member is idealized as discrete elements with unique effective moments of inertia. There are two equations available for calculating the effective moment of inertia, developed by Branson (1965) and by Bischoff (2005). Branson originally proposed two equations for effective moment of inertia, a 3rd-power equation for use in a single-element idealization and a 4th-power equation …

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Str-860: Cost Analysis Of Conical Tanks; Comparison Between Reinforced Concrete And Steel, Tareq M. Azabi, Ayman M. El Ansary, Ashraf A. El Damatty Jun 2016

Str-860: Cost Analysis Of Conical Tanks; Comparison Between Reinforced Concrete And Steel, Tareq M. Azabi, Ayman M. El Ansary, Ashraf A. El Damatty

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This paper provides a cost analysis case study to compare the effectiveness of using reinforced concrete versus steel as a construction material for conical tanks. Simplified design approaches, which were developed in previous investigations, are utilized to design a wide range of reinforced concrete conical tanks and steel counterparts having three different capacities (500 m3, 1750 m3 and 3000 m3). The cost analysis is conducted for each of the concrete and steel tanks. This analysis includes the cost of material, formwork, labour and life-cycle cost. Also, a general study of the effect of tank dimensions on the cost is provided. …

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Str-862: Application Of 4d And 5d Bim In Cold-Formed Steel Residential Buildings, Metwally Abu-Hamd, Dina A. Saad, Mohamed Masoud Jun 2016

Str-862: Application Of 4d And 5d Bim In Cold-Formed Steel Residential Buildings, Metwally Abu-Hamd, Dina A. Saad, Mohamed Masoud

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Traditional residential building systems are not sufficient to produce the required number of housing units needed every year to solve the current housing problem in many countries. To meet such a challenge, it is necessary to explore the latest construction technologies, and to create innovative building systems that have the potential to bring high-performance affordable housing within reach of new markets. Light (cold-formed) steel (CFS) framing systems have proven to be a worthy alternative to traditional systems. Recent advances in the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into the Architecture-Engineering-Construction industries present an additional mean to further enhance the efficiency …

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Welding Procedure Qualification Of A36 Steel Plates Using The Gtaw And Gmaw Processes, Brecken Deoilers, Neri Lupian, Regan Rumph Jun 2016

Welding Procedure Qualification Of A36 Steel Plates Using The Gtaw And Gmaw Processes, Brecken Deoilers, Neri Lupian, Regan Rumph

Materials Engineering

The purpose of this project was to qualify welding procedure specifications for the Las Positas College welding program using A36 steel in accordance with American Welding Society (AWS) D1.1, B4.0, and B2.1. Qualification was to be performed using both 1G (flat) and 3G (vertical) positions for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes. Required qualification procedures included two face and two root bend tests coupled with a visual inspection for cracks within the weld region greater than ⅛” long, along with two reduced section tensile tests to ensure the tensile strength exceeded 58 ksi if …

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Effect Of Thermal Exposure On Tensile Strength And Microhardness Of Welded And Precipitation Hardened Rx82 Aluminum Alloy Extrusions In The T4 And T6 Conditions, Lucien Miller Jun 2016

Effect Of Thermal Exposure On Tensile Strength And Microhardness Of Welded And Precipitation Hardened Rx82 Aluminum Alloy Extrusions In The T4 And T6 Conditions, Lucien Miller

Materials Engineering

This investigation is focused on the effect paint-bake cycles have on the tensile strength and microhardness of GMAW welded RX82 aluminum extrusions in T4 and T6 base conditions. To simulate the paint-bake cycle, T4 and T6 RX82 aluminum samples were GMAW welded and heat treated at 350°F, 390°F, and 425°F for durations of 30 minutes, 1.0 hour, and 2.0 hours, with five replicates for each treatment. Microhardness profiles of T4 samples treated at 350°F for 30 minutes and 1.0 hour display weld/HAZ HV values of 86.04 and 82.51 respectively, followed by maximums of 123.21 and 121.10. Average ultimate tensile strength …

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Predicting Flexural Strength Of Composite Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels Using Mechanical Models Of Face Sheet Compressive Strength, Nicholas Bruffey, William Shiu Jun 2016

Predicting Flexural Strength Of Composite Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels Using Mechanical Models Of Face Sheet Compressive Strength, Nicholas Bruffey, William Shiu

Materials Engineering

The design process at Zodiac Aerospace requires the ability to accurately predict the strength of a composite honeycomb core sandwich panel to adhere to strict FAA regulations. The most common failure mode in long beam composites is in compression. Following ASTM D7249 for a four-point bend test of a long beam flexural test, a mechanical model has been developed that relates the compressive strength of glass fiber face sheets to the flexural strength of the sandwich panel. Zodiac does not currently have data on the compressive strength of the face sheets, so testing was performed to find this property. Asymmetric …

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Shear Strength Of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Hinges Using The V-Notch Rail Shear Test, Calvin Noetzel Jun 2016

Shear Strength Of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Hinges Using The V-Notch Rail Shear Test, Calvin Noetzel

Materials Engineering

The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) hinges produced by Common Fibers (Kent, Washington) are a new technology with uncharacterized mechanical properties. Currently, Common Fiber’s hinges are utilized in wallets, but in order to expand the application of the hinges to structural components, complete characterization of the mechanical properties of the hinges is necessary. To address this problem, hinges developed by Common Fibers were tested utilizing the V-Notch rail shear test, ASTM D7078, to determine the shear strength of the hinges. Two layups, [+45/-45/0]s and [0/+45/-45/0]s were produced by Common Fibers for the experiment. Hinged and …

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Mechanical Properties Of Solid-State Resistance Welded Nitinol - 304 Stainless Steel Joints In Peripheral Guide Wires, Jennifer Rowe Jun 2016

Mechanical Properties Of Solid-State Resistance Welded Nitinol - 304 Stainless Steel Joints In Peripheral Guide Wires, Jennifer Rowe

Materials Engineering

Abbott Vascular manufactures medical guide wires that consist of 304 stainless steel wire joined to superelastic nickel titanium (Nitinol) wire by a solid-state resistance butt welding process. The objective of this project was to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanical properties of the welds in the guide wires. The wires tested were manufactured using two different processes and then ground to various diameters in the weld region. Vickers microhardness measurements were collected in the longitudinal direction across the heat-affected zones of the welds, as well as the transverse direction across the diameters of the welds. Micrographs of the welds …

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Buckling Strength In Carbon Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites Produced By Filament Winding For Structural Use In Rockets, Kyle Rosenow Jun 2016

Buckling Strength In Carbon Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites Produced By Filament Winding For Structural Use In Rockets, Kyle Rosenow

Materials Engineering

High-powered rockets use thin walled carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tubes as the primary structure and the tubes experience compressive stress during flight, which is estimated at 18MPa. Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) recently acquired the capability to use filament winding for manufacturing CFRP structures. Filament winding wraps carbon-fiber tow coated in epoxy around an axisymmetric object, and in this case, an aluminum cylinder. The tube laminate is an angle-ply orientation testing the winding angles 35°, 50°, 65°, and 80° and winding patterns 1/1 and 8/1 in combination using an unsupported parallel compression test. Coupons are one-inch in height, 2.5 inches …

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Effect Of Metal Organic Framework Concentration On The Crystallization Of Pla-Al-Mof Composites, Eric Futak, Jeffrey Norton, Jessie O'Connell, Nestor Vazquez Jun 2016

Effect Of Metal Organic Framework Concentration On The Crystallization Of Pla-Al-Mof Composites, Eric Futak, Jeffrey Norton, Jessie O'Connell, Nestor Vazquez

Materials Engineering

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a well-known biopolymer, is lacking in barrier properties and toughness. The research goal of this project is to look at the crystallinity of PLA when combined with metal organic framework (MOF). It is speculated that MOF has an effect on PLA chain mobility, and therefore crystallinity. In this study, aluminum MOF was added to PLA in varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) to observe the crystallinity of the composite. The resulting PLA-Al-MOF composite films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron …

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Reducing Food And Packaging Waste Through Developing Edible Fruit Based Packaging Prototypes, Melanie Thatcher Jun 2016

Reducing Food And Packaging Waste Through Developing Edible Fruit Based Packaging Prototypes, Melanie Thatcher

Materials Engineering

Packaging is used to contain, preserve, protect, and advertise both manufactured and natural products. In 2013 it was reported that over thirty percent of solid waste in the United States was from packaging. One way to reduce the impact of packaging on the environment is to create a solution that is edible and sourced from a waste or secondary food product that is not currently being utilized. Food-contact packaging made from recycled materials must meet strict U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations to be utilized as raw material for packaging. Fruit pomace is a candidate material since it may …

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Investigation Of Outlife Time On The Environmental Durability Of P2-Etched, Adhesively-Bonded Aluminum Alloys Using The Astm Wedge Test, Daniel Gross, Corey Sutton Jun 2016

Investigation Of Outlife Time On The Environmental Durability Of P2-Etched, Adhesively-Bonded Aluminum Alloys Using The Astm Wedge Test, Daniel Gross, Corey Sutton

Materials Engineering

P2 etchant is an environmentally-friendly aluminum etchant which has the potential to replace the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) etchant as the industry standard. Environmental durability of adhesively-bonded aluminum surfaces etched using a paste version of the P2 etchant were tested using the Boeing-developed wedge test (ASTM D3762 - 03(2010)). This project specifically aimed to examine the relationship between outlife time (the time between etching and adhering) and the ability of bonded aluminum samples to pass the wedge test. Two aluminum alloys, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6, were wedge tested and the etched surfaces examined with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a …

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Improving Surface Roughness Of Optically Telegraphed Composite Laminations, Michael Smith Jun 2016

Improving Surface Roughness Of Optically Telegraphed Composite Laminations, Michael Smith

Materials Engineering

In collaboration with Watson Furniture, this project seeks to identify the cause of surface roughness on composite panels processed into commercial furnishings. The surface roughness was examined and measured using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a profilometer. The SEM and optical microscope provided qualitative data on the surface roughness as well as the film build of each layer. After an initial characterization of the manufactured samples provided by Watson Furniture, additional samples were fabricated for testing using different manufacturing processes than those used by Watson Furniture. These samples were constructed in-house using raw materials provided by …

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Effect Of Hydrogen Pick-Up And Release Behavior On The Tensile Properties Of Electroplated 4340m High-Strength Steel, Blake Daylor, Joshua Fisher, Alan Michelen Ruiz Jun 2016

Effect Of Hydrogen Pick-Up And Release Behavior On The Tensile Properties Of Electroplated 4340m High-Strength Steel, Blake Daylor, Joshua Fisher, Alan Michelen Ruiz

Materials Engineering

Hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel (4340M) was quantified through tensile testing and fractography (SEM). Three types of samples were obtained: rotating beam fatigue specimens, round (notched) tensile specimens, and flat panel specimens. In addition, three different plating types were analyzed (Ni, Cr, Cd-Ti) with a set of samples that was shot peened and a set that was not. Since some of the samples went through a hydrogen relief bake, another factor in our experiment was the amount of time it took for the samples to reach the baking process after they were electroplated (bake delay). There were three levels of …

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Controlling Grain Size In Cold Worked And Annealed 1100 Aluminum To Optimize Ductility In Rocket Diaphragm Systems, Ryan Lewis, Bryce Simmons, Jessica Williams Jun 2016

Controlling Grain Size In Cold Worked And Annealed 1100 Aluminum To Optimize Ductility In Rocket Diaphragm Systems, Ryan Lewis, Bryce Simmons, Jessica Williams

Materials Engineering

Liquid propellant rocket diaphragms require extreme ductility. 1100 Aluminum is used for its high ductility, but the post-processing cold work and subsequent anneal result in excessively large grains. The effect of heat treatment and cold work on grain size in 1100 aluminum was explored. The samples were cold worked to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30% using tensile elongation. The samples were then heat treated per AMS 2770 with either a "Steel Conduction" (1000 – 1150°F/min) or a "Production" (16 – 18°F/min) heating rate. The grain size of the samples were measured using the mean lineal intercept method. The grain …

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Str-863: Development Of A Novel Replaceable Connection For Seismically Designed Steel Concentrically Braced Frames, Daniel Stevens, Lydell D. A. Wiebe Jun 2016

Str-863: Development Of A Novel Replaceable Connection For Seismically Designed Steel Concentrically Braced Frames, Daniel Stevens, Lydell D. A. Wiebe

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

There is increasing demand, from both engineers and their clients, for structures that can be rapidly returned to occupancy following an earthquake, while also maintaining or reducing initial costs. One possible way towards this goal is to ensure that seismic damage occurs only within elements that can be removed and replaced following a damaging earthquake. For concentrically braced frames that use hollow structural sections, the current design practice requires field welding of the brace to the gusset in a way that causes the brace to buckle out-of-plane. In the event of a damaging earthquake, the out-of-plane brace buckling may damage …

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Str-864: Proposed Strut-And-Tie Model For Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With Frp Bars, Khaled Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, Brahim Benmokrane Jun 2016

Str-864: Proposed Strut-And-Tie Model For Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced With Frp Bars, Khaled Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, Brahim Benmokrane

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

A compiled database of 53 tests of FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams with shear span–depth ratios of less than two was used to evaluate the strut-and-tie models (STM) provided in ACI 318 (2014), CSA S806 (2012), CEB-fib (1999), and JSCE (2007). All provisions were found to be inadequate in calculating the capacity of FRP-reinforced deep beams due to inherent shortcomings in each provision. Hence, a new STM-based procedure for FRP-reinforced deep beams was proposed. The new model incorporates the effect of shear span–depth ratio (a/d), concrete compressive strength (fc’), and tensile strain in the adjoining tie (ε1). The contribution of …

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Str-866: Non Linear Finite Element Model For Post-Earthquake Fire Performance Evaluation Of Steel Portal Frames, Amit Chandra, Anjan Bhowmick, Ashutosh Bagchi Jun 2016

Str-866: Non Linear Finite Element Model For Post-Earthquake Fire Performance Evaluation Of Steel Portal Frames, Amit Chandra, Anjan Bhowmick, Ashutosh Bagchi

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Post-earthquake fires (PEF) especially in densely populated urban areas have been catastrophic in recent seismic events. It appears to be an important design load which has not been considered critical by most design standards. Moreover, current performance-based seismic design philosophy permits certain level of damage to a structure based on the assumed design seismic hazard. These damaged structures are extremely vulnerable to post-earthquake fires. Even after the outbreak of fire, the structural integrity of the damaged structure must be intact for sufficient duration enabling the firefighters to evacuate and extinguish the fire in the affected building. The recent performance-based design, …

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Str-867: Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Scc Beams Containing Recycled Crumb Rubber, Mohamed K. Ismail, Assem A. Hassan, Basem H. Abdelaleem Jun 2016

Str-867: Flexural Behaviour Of Reinforced Scc Beams Containing Recycled Crumb Rubber, Mohamed K. Ismail, Assem A. Hassan, Basem H. Abdelaleem

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

This study aimed to investigate the effect of crumb rubber (CR) on the flexural behavior and cracking characteristics of self-consolidating concrete beams. Four full-scale self-consolidating rubberized concrete (SCRC) beams containing recycled CR particles as a partial replacement for fine aggregate with percentage ranging from 0% to 15% (by volume of sand) were tested. The performance of some design codes was evaluated in predicting the cracking moment and crack widths of the tested beams. The results indicated that increasing the CR content noticeably reduced the compressive strength, tensile strength, and first cracking moment of all SCRC beams. However, up to 15% …

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Str-875: Predicting Failure In Sliding Isolation Bearings Under Long-Period Motions, Yu Bao, Tracy C. Becker Jun 2016

Str-875: Predicting Failure In Sliding Isolation Bearings Under Long-Period Motions, Yu Bao, Tracy C. Becker

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

For the majority of structural systems, there has been a push to understand collapse behaviour and to quantify collapse margin ratios. However, for seismic isolation there is still significant work to be done in this area, especially for sliding bearings, for which little research on failure has been investigated. While it may be the goal of the designer that isolation bearing capacity is not reached, for performance based design it is essential to understand how and under what levels the bearing will fail. To investigate failure, a model based on the theory of rigid body kinematics, rigid body dynamics and …

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Str-872: The Influence Of The Internal Pressure And In-Plane Bending On Pipe Elbows, Diana Abdulhameed, Roger Cheng, Michael Martens, Samer Adeeb Jun 2016

Str-872: The Influence Of The Internal Pressure And In-Plane Bending On Pipe Elbows, Diana Abdulhameed, Roger Cheng, Michael Martens, Samer Adeeb

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Pipe bends are frequently used to change the direction of a pipeline. The location of bends in a pipeline system is often the location that shows high stress levels. The increase in stress is due to the high flexibility of the bend resulting from the ability of the cross-section to ovalize when subjected to bending or internal pressure. Moreover, the surface geometric characteristics of bends may lead to a host of unbalanced thrust forces caused by the internal pressure. The internal pressure results in an outward resultant force that tends to straighten out the bend causing an increase in the …

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Str-876: Behaviour Of Mass-Wood Shear-Core Structures Subjected To Static Wind Loads, Patricia C. Wilbur, F. Michael Bartlett Jun 2016

Str-876: Behaviour Of Mass-Wood Shear-Core Structures Subjected To Static Wind Loads, Patricia C. Wilbur, F. Michael Bartlett

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

As the desire to construct tall wood buildings grows, so too does the need to understand the behaviour of these structures under all loading conditions. Work is progressing towards understanding their behaviour under extreme lateral loads, but relatively little focus is given in the literature to their behaviour under normal service-level loads. This study investigates the behaviour of 10-storey mass-wood shear-core structures subjected to static wind loads, and identifies major differences between the behaviour of the wood-core buildings and that of a traditional shear-core building. The design process is described, and both Ultimate and Serviceability Limit States results are presented, …

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Str-877: Finite-Element Modeling For Frp Strengthening Of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges Built By Cantilever Method, Rohalah Najafi, Saman Hedjazi, Khaled Sennah Jun 2016

Str-877: Finite-Element Modeling For Frp Strengthening Of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges Built By Cantilever Method, Rohalah Najafi, Saman Hedjazi, Khaled Sennah

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Balanced cantilever construction is an economical method when access from below is expensive or practically impossible. In segmental balanced cantilever construction the precast segments are transported to the bridge construction site and placed and held at the right position before post-tensioning back to the rest of the bridge. As the construction stages go on, the statically determinate structure changes to a statically indeterminate one, which should be considered in the design process. Creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing steel may lead to excess long-term deflection and may cause redistributions in internal forces and stresses. In the previous …

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Str-884: Effect Of Spacing Of Transverse Reinforcement On The Lapped Spliced Gfrp‐Rc Columns Subjected To Cyclic‐Reversed Loads, Syed K. R. Naqvi, Ehab El-Salakawy Jun 2016

Str-884: Effect Of Spacing Of Transverse Reinforcement On The Lapped Spliced Gfrp‐Rc Columns Subjected To Cyclic‐Reversed Loads, Syed K. R. Naqvi, Ehab El-Salakawy

Canadian Society for Civil Engineering

Recently, the non-corrodible fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been used successfully as reinforcement for concrete structures. However, the behaviour of glass (G) FRP-reinforced concrete (RC) columns under seismic loading has not been explored yet. This paper presents the results of an experimental program that investigates the contribution of GFRP transverse reinforcement to the confinement of concrete core in lap-spliced GFRP-RC columns. Three full-scale column specimens were constructed and tested to failure under quasi-static cyclic‐reversed loads. All specimens were reinforced with GFRP longitudinal bars and transverse stirrups. The columns had 350-mm square cross section and 1850-mm cantilever length. Each column was …

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