Engineering Commons^™

A General-Purpose Multiphase/Multispecies Model To Predict The Spread, Percutaneous Hazard, And Contact Dynamics For Nonporous And Porous Substrates And Membranes, Homayun K. Navaz, Ali R. Zand, Amir Gat, Theresa S. Atkinson

Mechanical Engineering Publications

A computational model to solve the coupled transport equations with chemical reaction and phase change for a liquid sessile droplet or the contact and spread of a sessile droplet between two approaching porous or non-porous surfaces, is developed. The model is general therefore it can be applied to toxic chemicals (contact hazard), drug delivery through porous organs and membranes, combustion processes within porous material, and liquid movements in the ground. The equation of motion and the spread of the incompressible liquid available on the primary surface for transfer into the contacting surface while reacting with other chemicals (or water) and/or …

Theoretical Analysis And Sph Simulation For The Wave Energy Captured By A Bottom-Hinged Owsc, Yu-Chi Chang, Da-Wei Chen, Yi-Chih Chow, Shiaw-Yih Tzang, Chen-Chou Lin, Jiahn-Horng Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper examines one type of wave energy converter, the Oscillating Wave Surge Converter (OWSC) with its bottom hinged on the sea bed. The simplest form of OWSC is a flapper connected with a power take-off (PTO). Theoretical analysis based on a 2D linear potential theory elucidates the mechanisms of the wave energy capture by a bottom-hinged OWSC in terms of impedances associated with the wave field, the flapper body, and the PTO. Criteria of impedance canceling and matching to maximize the energy capture factor can be deduced. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is established for simulating the same problem, and …

Improved Boundary Values Of Ocean Wave Fields Using A Data Assimilation Scheme, Yang-Ming Fan, Heinz Günther, Dong-Jiing Doong, Chia Chuen Kao

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of numerical wave forecasts through data assimilation of boundary values. A sequential data assimilation scheme was adopted to utilise altimeter data. The performance of the system in terms of operational applications, specifically for typhoon waves, was investigated. Two typhoons that occurred in 2006 around Taiwan (Kaemi and Shanshan) were used as case studies. The proposed data assimilation increased the forecast accuracy of the boundary values in terms of the wave parameters, such as the wave heights and periods. The results showed that after the assimilation, the assimilation model was significantly …

Evaluation Of Tidal Stream Energy Around Radial Sand Ridge System In The Southern Yellow Sea, Jinhai Zheng, Jisheng Zhang, Jun Wang, Aifeng Tao

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Tidal stream energy as a new type of marine renewable energy attracts more and more attention of coastal engineers due to its advantages of great power density, long-term predictability and low environment impact. The radial sand ridge (RSR) system is located in the southern Yellow Sea off the Jiangsu coast, China, and it is characterized by a radial current field. The exploitation of tidal stream energy in the RSR system means great significance to the local industry and ecosystem of this region. In this study, a two-dimensional depthaveraged hydrodynamic model was established to predict one-year tidal hydrodynamics in the RSR …

The Latest Progress In Wave Energy Conversions In China And The Analysis Of A Heaving Buoy Considering Pto Damping, Hong-Da Shi, Fei-Fei Cao, Na Qu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Wave energy conversions are being widely researched and developed in China; two key factors of significance with these devices are safety and efficiency. This paper provides information on the latest techniques of wave energy devices investigated in China, introduces their working principles, and describes performance briefly. To design a wave device, the conversion efficiency needs to be estimated. This paper describes a method for doing such analysis on a heaving buoy considering the power take-off, which is an important step for achieving wave-to-wire simulation.

Current-Induced Seabed Scour Around A Pile-Supported Horizontal-Axis Tidal Stream Turbine, Jisheng Zhang, Peng Gao, Jinhai Zheng, Xiuguang Wu, Yuxuan Peng, Tiantian Zhang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Tidal stream energy has attracted more and more attentions of researchers and engineers of coastal studies in recent years, as it is renewable, predictable and environmentally friendly. Although many efforts have been made for the application of tidal stream energy, the scouring process in the vicinity of a pile-supported tidal stream turbine remains unclear. This study develops a mathematical model, consisting of hydrodynamic module, General Moving Object (GMO) module and sediment scour module, to numerically investigate the fluidstructure interaction and its induced sediment scour process around such a combined structure. Only a steady current is considered in the model, and …

Segmentation And Strain Mapping Of A Beating Heart, Kenna Middleton

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Conventional methods of estimating deformation optically often compare image intensities before and after deformation to help estimate the strain fields. However, these current meth ods often introduce undesirable error that propagates through the system, growing larger through each strain calculation. These errors create false, concentrated regions of strain throughout the image. Additionally, gathering and evaluating images in three- and four dimensional space creates even more difficulty for conventional methods. Here, by imple menting new techniques of gathering four-dimensional ultrasound data sets and calculating deformation fields with traditional errors reduced three-fold, four-dimensional images were evaluated to create a novel visualization tool …

Measurement, Modeling, And Mitigation Of Lead Impacts From General Aviation, Stephen Neil Feinberg

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Airborne lead (Pb) has been regulated as a criteria pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since the Clean Air Act and its amendments in the 1970s. During the 1970s, atmospheric Pb emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded automobile fuel and metals manufacturing. Over time, those emissions have decreased greatly and according to the EPA the largest emitter of Pb today is piston-engine aircraft. Additionally, in 2008 the EPA reduced the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Pb by an order of magnitude. These combined factors served as the impetus for further study of general …

Yet Another 100yr Storm Surge Event: The Role Of Individual Storm Surges On Design Water Levels, Jürgen Jensen, Arne Arns, Thomas Wahl

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

On December 6th 2013 the German coastline was hit by the extra tropical cyclone “Xaver”, which caused the highest water levels on record in some places. In the media, the resulting storm surge was quickly referred to as a “once in one hundred years” event or a “century storm surge”. Based on 12 tide gauges in the German Bight, we estimate return periods of the observed water levels during Xaver and find that they were much lower than 100 years. However, in some places Xaver caused increases in the 200-year return water level estimates, which are often used for the …

Electronic Musical Instrument To Generate Musical Tones To Imitate A Stringed Instrument, Mizuki Nakagawa, Ikuo Tanaka, Shun Takai

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Provided are an electronic musical instrument, computer storage device, and method for generating tone. A sound source in an electronic musical instrument generates a first tone at a first pitch in response to a first tone generation instruction received by an input device of the electronic musical instrument. A second tone generation instruction is received to generate a second tone at a second pitch while generating the first tone at the sound source. A determination is made of a pitch difference of the first and the second pitches. The sound source is controlled to generate the second tone and to …

Understanding The Nano- And Macroscale Processes Impacting Arsenic Mobilization During Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Reclaimed Wastewater, Chelsea Wren Neil

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) utilizing reclaimed wastewater is a vital means of replenishing natural freshwater supplies in order to meet growing demands. Unfortunately, this process has been found to induce unfavorable geochemical reactions which mobilize arsenic from aquifer sediments. This process is further complicated by the simultaneous formation of iron(III) (hydr)oxide secondary minerals, which can sorb aqueous arsenic. It is crucial to fully elucidate these physico-chemical processes in order to establish safe MAR operations which minimize arsenic release. Thus, the mechanisms controlling arsenic release from arsenopyrite during MAR were investigated from the nano- to macroscale.

First, nanoscale iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation …

Clinical Application Of Electrocardiographic Imaging In Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy, Early Repolarization Syndrome And Brugada Syndrome, Junjie Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI) is a noninvasive modality for human application in both research and clinical settings. It is an important tool for investigation of abnormal electrophysiological (EP) substrates and arrhythmias in patients. Multi-channel body surface potential recordings and the patient-specific heart-torso geometry from ECG gated computed tomography are processed by ECGI algorithms to reconstruct epicardial potentials, electrograms and patterns of activation and repolarization. ECGI is able to continuously generate high-resolution, panoramic EP maps of the entire heart on a beat-by-beat basis, which cannot be achieved with invasive catheter mapping.

ECGI was applied in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients to characterize the abnormal …

Thermally Evolved & Separated Composition Of Atmospheric Aerosols: Development And Application Of Advanced Data Analysis Techniques For A Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (Tag), Yaping Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Atmospheric organic aerosols are composed of thousands of individual compounds, interacting with climate through changes in aerosol optical properties and cloud interactions, and can be detrimental to human health. Aerosol mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography (GC)-separated MS measurements have been utilized to better characterize the chemical composition of this material that comes from a variety of sources and experiences continuous oxidation while in the atmosphere. This dissertation describes the development of a novel rapid data analysis method for grouping of major components within chromatography-separated measurements and first application using thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) – MS data. Chromatograms …

Molecularly Targeted Nanoparticles For Modulation Of Inflammatory Mediators In Atherosclerosis, Rohun Udatta Palekar

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The enzyme thrombin has been demonstrated through experimental and clinical studies to play a crucial role in mediating both inflammation and thrombosis in atherosclerosis. The cellular effects of thrombin in promoting atherosclerosis involve the activation of signaling pathways that result in the secretion of a host of various chemokines, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, etc. that promote vascular inflammation. Due in part to thrombin and other pro-atherogenic molecules, this prolonged inflammatory state in atherosclerosis results in the deterioration of the endothelium, increasing the risk of focal thrombosis. Current treatment strategies to address the role of thrombin in atherosclerosis, despite efficacy of …

Ergonomic Analysis Of Mobile Cart–Assisted Stocking Activities Using Electromyography, Sohyung Cho

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Workers in grocery stores are exposed to numerous musculoskeletal risks that can be reduced using assistive devices while performing stocking tasks. A regional grocery store has recently deployed a mobile cart without comprehension of its ergonomic impact on workers, which this article investigates using normalized electromyography data (%MVC). This article studies not only ergonomic impact based on %MVC values but also work performance represented by a muscle force metric (MFM). The results from this study showed highest muscle groups in %MVC and MFM were the erector spinae and triceps. Interestingly, muscle activations on erector spinae were reduced when mobile cart …

Characteristics Of Boundary Layer Flow Induced By Solitary Wave Propagating Over Horizontal Bottom, Chang Lin, Shi-Min Yu, Po-Hung Yeh, Min-Hsuan Yu, Ching-Piao Tsai, Shih-Chun Hsieh, Ming-Jer Kao, Guang-Wei Tzeng, Rajkumar Raikar

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Experimental results on the flow characteristics of bottom boundary layer induced by a solitary wave propagating over a horizontal bottom are presented. Particle-trajectory flow visualization technique and high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV) were used to elucidate detailed velocity fields underneath solitary waves with the ratios of wave height to water depth from 0.130 to 0.386. The results show that the velocity profiles can be classified into two classes with respect to the passage of the solitary wave-crest at the measuring section: the pre-passing and post-passing phases. For the pre-passing phase, the velocity distributions can be deduced to a unique similarity …

Experimental Study On The Erosion Stability Of Coarse Grain Materials Under Waves, Alexander Schendel, Nils Goseberg, Torsten Schlurmann

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Large-scale hydraulic model tests were carried out by the Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany to investigate the performance of wide-graded grain materials (0.1-200 mm) as scour protection system tested under spectral wave loads. The model tests were conducted in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) of the Forschungszentrum Küste (FZK) assuming a length scale of 1:4. The experimental setup consisted of a single layer material bed protecting a monopile (D = 1 m) as often used as offshore supporting structure. In order to measure the structure-induced scour development around the monopile acoustic backscatter systems (ABS), single-beam echosounder, and a 3D laser …

Novel Applications Of Electrostatic Precipitators In Coal - Biomass Combustion Systems, He Jing

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Pulverized coal combustion is an important source of electricity production worldwide. However, it is also a primary air pollution emission (particulate matters, mercury, etc.) source. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are widely used in coal-fired power plants to control particulate matters. This dissertation contributes in the study of the pollution formation from coal combustion processes and pollution control based on ESPs in the following three aspects: (1) explore novel applications of ESPs in particulate matters and mercury removal; (2) develop and evaluate an compact electrostatic precipitator for sampling purpose, which can support offline fly ash particle analysis; (3) study the submicrometer particle …

Relating Neural Dynamics To Olfactory Coding And Behavior, Chao Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Sensory stimuli often evoke temporal patterns of spiking activity across a population of neurons in the early processing stages. What features of these spatiotemporal responses encode behaviorally relevant information, and how dynamic processing of sensory signals facilitates information processing are fundamental problems in sensory neuroscience that remain to be understood. In this thesis, I have investigated these issues using a relatively simple invertebrate model (locusts; Schistocerca americana).

In locusts, odorants are transduced into electrical signals by olfactory sensory neurons in the antenna and are subsequently relayed to the downstream neural circuit in the antennal lobe (analogous to the olfactory bulb …

Copper And Zinc Oxide Composite Nanostructures For Solar Energy Harvesting, Fei Wu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Solar energy is a clean and sustainable energy source to counter global environmental issues of rising atmospheric CO2 levels and depletion of natural resources. To extract useful work from solar energy, silicon-based photovoltaic devices are extensively used. The technological maturity and the high quality of silicon (Si) make it a material of choice. However limitations in Si exist, ranging from its indirect band gap to low light absorption coefficient and energy and capital intensive crystal growth schemes. Therefore, alternate materials that are earth-abundant, benign and simpler to process are needed for developing new platforms for solar energy harvesting applications.

In …

Multi-Criteria Evaluation Of Cmip5 Gcms For Climate Change Impact Analysis, Ali Ahmadalipour, Arun Rana, Hamid Moradkhani, Ashish Sharma

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Climate change is expected to have severe impacts on global hydrological cycle along with food-water-energy nexus. Currently, there are many climate models used in predicting important climatic variables. Though there have been advances in the field, there are still many problems to be resolved related to reliability, uncertainty, and computing needs, among many others. In the present work, we have analyzed performance of 20 different global climate models (GCMs) from Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) dataset over the Columbia River Basin (CRB) in the Pacific Northwest USA. We demonstrate a statistical multicriteria approach, using univariate and multivariate techniques, …

Assessment Of Changes Of Extreme Wave Conditions At The German Baltic Sea Coast On The Basis Of Future Climate Change Scenarios, Norman Dreier, Christian Schlamkow, Peter Fröhle, Dörte Salecker, Zhenshan Xu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Information on possible changes in extreme wave heights is needed to determine the future effectiveness and safety of coastal and flood protection structures. In this study, an assessment of possible changes in the extreme wave heights at selected locations along the German Baltic Sea coast has been carried out on the basis of numerical simulations of waves in the western Baltic Sea and regional climate model data for the past and the future (1961-2100). The future climate change signal of significant wave heights with a return period of 200 years mainly depends on: (i) the location, (ii) the climate change …

Seabed Scour Around A Breakwater A Case Study In Mailiao Harbor, I-Fu Lin, I-Fan Tseng, Chung-Pan Lee, Guan-Yu Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

According to a field measurement in 2012, the bathymetry in the area of Mailiao Harbor, located in the middle of Taiwan's west coast, has scouring hole with a size distribution of approximately 500 x 100 m. The maximum scour depth is 26 m (from -22 m eroded to -48 m). Although scour has become a major threat to breakwaters and navigational safety, it can be predicted cost-effectively, reliably, and rapidly by applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. In this study, numerical simulation of tidal current and typhoon waves was performed to investigate the causes of the scouring hole …

Viscous Flow Fields Induced By A Breaking Solitary Wave Over A Shelf, Ching-Jer Huang, Yen-Tsen Lin, Chun-Yuan Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This work investigates the viscous flow fields induced by a solitary wave passing over a shelf or a step. The proposed numerical model solves the unsteady two-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the turbulence equations. The finite-analytical scheme is used to discretize the differential equations involved in the RANS model. The particle level set method is adopted to capture the complex free surface evolution. Accuracy of the proposed model in simulating breaking solitary wave on a shelf is verified by comparing numerical wave profiles from the incident stage to the beginning of jet fall with the experimental data. Following …

Variations Of Statistics For Random Waves Propagating Over A Bar, Yu-Xiang Ma, Xiao-Zhou Ma, Guo-Hai Dong

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A series of physical experiments were conducted on the variations of statistics (skewness, kurtosis, groupiness) in random waves propagating over a submerged symmetrical bar. Random waves were generated using JONSWAP spectra while varying initial spectral width, wave height and peak frequency. It was found that the initial spectral width has a negligible effect on the variations of these statistical parameters. An abrupt change in wave groupiness is caused by wave breaking. Variations in the skewness and kurtosis mainly depend on the local water depth and wave height and period. Furthermore, the relationship between the skewness and kurtosis in the shoaling …

Comparison Between Consistent Coupled-Mode System And Eigenfunction Matching Method For Solving Water Wave Scattering, Chia-Cheng Tsai, Wan-Rong Chou

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Both the consistent coupled-mode system (CCMS) and the eigenfunction matching method (EMM) are well-known models for simulating the propagation of small-amplitude water waves over variable bathymetry. In this study, a thorough comparison is performed through numerical experiments. For the CCMS, a bottom-sloping mode is coupled in the mildslope equation with evanescent modes, then the CCMS are discretized by the finite-element method with high-order shape functions. For the EMM, the bottom profile is approximated in terms of successive flat shelves separated by abrupt steps, and then eigensolutions on the shelves are matched by the conservation of mass and momentum. To perform …

Statistical Analysis On The Long-Term Observations Of Typhoon Waves In The Taiwan Sea, Dong-Jiing Doong, Cheng-Han Tsai, Ying-Chih Chen, Jen-Ping Peng, Ching-Jer Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Seventeen data buoys were deployed in the Taiwan Sea since 1997. These buoys have made measurement for more than 100 typhoons. The purpose of this paper is to study the statistical characteristics of the observed typhoon waves. High resolution directional wave spectra are obtained by analyzing the buoy data. The Significant Typhoon Wave Height (SWTH) and the Duration of Large Waves (DLW) are proposed to indicate the sea severity of typhoons. The joint effect of the SWTH and the DLW is used to assess possible impact by the typhoon waves to the coast, using the damage curve calibrated from historical …

Discussions On The Occurrence Probabilities Of Observed Freak Waves, Aifeng Tao, Ji Peng, Jinhai Zheng, Yao Wang, Yuqing Wu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Field observational is the most direct and reliable research approach to investigate the freak waves, particularly for the occurrence probability. In order to present the latest research state, the results related to the observed freak waves from six sea areas are summarized and analyzed with comparisons. Three key conclusions are addressed. Firstly, both the occurrence probability and the strength of freak waves vary much for different sea areas. It is shown that there is still no answer to the big question of whether freak waves are rare events. Secondly, there is no single accepted, unified definition of freak waves. It …

Cyber-Physical Co-Design Of Wireless Control Systems, Bo Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Wireless sensor-actuator network (WSAN) technology is gaining rapid adoption in process industries because of its advantages in lowering deployment and maintenance cost in challenging environments. While early success of industrial WSANs has been recognized, significant potential remains in exploring WSANs as unified networks for industrial plants.

This thesis research explores a cyber-physical co-design approach to design wireless control systems. To enable holistic studies of wireless control systems, we have developed the Wireless Cyber-Physical Simulator (WCPS), an integrated co-simulation environment that integrates Simulink and our implementation of WSANs based on the industrial WirelessHART standard. We further develop novel WSAN protocols tailored …

Evaluation Of Viirs Land Surface Temperature Using Crest-Safe Air, Snow Surface, And Soil Temperature Data, Carlos L. Pérez Díaz, Tarendra Lakhankar, Peter Romanov, Reza Khanbilvardi, Yunyue Yu

Publications and Research

In this study, the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) Environmental Data Record (EDR) was evaluated against snow surface (T-skin) and near-surface air temperature (T-air) ground observations recorded at the Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center—Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE), located in Caribou, ME, USA during the winters of 2013 and 2014. The satellite LST corroboration of snow-covered areas is imperative because high-latitude regions are often physically inaccessible and there is a need to complement the data from the existing meteorological station networks. T-skin is not a standard meteorological parameter commonly observed at synoptic …