Engineering Commons^™

Networks - Ii: Modified On Demand Transmission Power Control For Wireless Sensor Networks, Mirza M Yasir Masood, Ghufran Ahmed, Noor M. Khan

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

On Demand Transmission Power Control (ODTPC) is a well known transmission power control strategy that is used to reduce high power consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose an extension to ODTPC and thus, a modified version of ODTPC is proposed named MODTPC. Simulation results show that performance of MODTPC is better than ODTPC in terms of efficiency and energy saving.

Image Processing – I: Spatial Domain Lossless Image Data Compression Method, Syed Ali Hassan, Mehdi Hussain

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Images has very significant role in digital media. However, generally digital imaging generates large amounts of data it need to be compressed, without loss of relevant information or simply lossless compression. This paper presents a novel lossless image compression technique in spatial domain. The proposed algorithm divide the image into no. of blocks uses variable bits to store each block pixels. Calculation of variable bits is dependent on pixel values of each block. The advantage of proposed scheme, it is dependent upon pixels correlation with in a block. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm gives better compression efficiency as …

Network Security: A Secure Architecture For Open Source Voip Solutions, Fahad Sattar, M. Hussain, Kashif Nisar

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Voice over IP “VoIP” is a form of voice speech that uses data networks, for transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks to transmit voice signals. The signal is correctly encoded at one end of the communication channel, sent as packets through the data network, then decoded at the receiving end and transformed back into a voice signal. It has a potential and offering a choice to the traditional telephony systems due to its high resource utilization and cost efficiency. Meanwhile, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become an ever present networking technology that has been deployed around the world. …

Real-Time Divisible Load Scheduling For Cluster Computing, Anwar Mamat

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cluster computing has become an important paradigm for solving large-scale problems. However, as the size of a cluster increases, so does the complexity of resource management and maintenance. Therefore, automated performance control and re- source management are expected to play critical roles in sustaining the evolution of cluster computing. The current cluster scheduling practice is similar in sophistication to early supercomputer batch scheduling algorithms, and no consideration is given to desired quality-of-service (QoS) attributes. To fully avail the power of computational clusters, new scheduling algorithms that provides high performance, QoS assurance, fault-tolerance, energy savings and streamlined management of the cluster …

Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder

Theses and Dissertations

The efficacy of peat humic substances in enhancing the degradation of fats, oils and greases (FOG) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions using bench scale well-mixed bioreactors. An experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and peat humic substance (PHS) concentration on FOG degradation in domestic wastewater for a temperature range from 10 deg.C to 30 deg.C and a PHS concentration range from 0 to 20 ppm(v). Factors and interactions significantly affecting the rate of FOG degradation were identified, and models to predict FOG degradation rates as a function of PHS concentration and temperature were developed. The …

53rd Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 53rd annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Snowmass, Colorado, July 24-28, 2011.

Networks - I: Interference Mitigation In 4g System Using Smart Antenna, Asad Ali Siddiqui, Muhammad Mazhar Manzoor, Aamir Ijaz, Adnan Umar Khan, Imran Ahmed Awan, Sangita Lal Chand

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Emerging trends of mobile communication and ever growing demand of mobile users with high speed data requirements and migrating towards 4G, Co-Channel interference and multipath in urban/dense urban environment will limit the capacity of the network. Smart antenna is now recognized by its higher user capacity in 4G wireless networks by efficiently reducing multipath and co-channel interference. Smart Antenna use adaptive beam forming algorithms in a dynamic environment continuously adjusting the weight of antenna arrays for creating a beam to track desired users automatically, and minimize interference from other users by placing nulls in their directions. This research work provides …

Networks - I: An Optimal Mutual Authentication Scheme In Gsm Networks, Abdul Haleem, Muhammad Usman

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

GSM is one of the most dominating networks for wireless mobile communication. With the passage of time, financial institutions have started using this network for providing their services. Beginning from basic services like balance enquiry, the trend is increasing to provide financial transactions on mobile. This trend establishes the need of strengthening user authentication and requirement of network authentication as well. In this paper, we have proposed a mutual authentication approach using asymmetric cryptography. In the proposed technique, user and network are authenticated with minimal computation and signaling overhead.

Artificial Intelligence – I: A Preliminary Framework For Human-Agent Communication In Electronic Negotiations, Moez Ur Rehman, Nosheen Riaz

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Electronic negotiations are business negotiations conducted via electronic means using information and communications technologies (ICT). Two dominant types of electronic negotiation systems are automated negotiation systems for software agents and negotiation support systems (NSSs) for humans. However, the integration of two types for human-agent negotiations is an important task. In this paper, an extended communication model for human-agent business negotiations is presented. For this purpose, the underlying communication models of automated negotiations and NSSs are analyzed. The extended communication model is based on a common negotiation ontology which captures the negotiation agenda and paves the way for such hybrid communication, …

Do Wind Turbines Affect Weather Conditions?: A Case Study In Indiana, Meghan F. Henschen, Brittany Herrholtz, Lacey Rhudy, Kathryn Demchak, Brian Doogs, Joshua Holland, Erik Larson, Johnny Martin, Matthew Rudkin

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Wind turbines are becoming increasingly widespread in the United States as the world looks for cleaner sources of energy. Scientists, policymakers, and citizens have strong opinions regarding the positive and negative effects of wind energy projects, and there is a great deal of misinformation about wind energy circulating on the Web and other media sources. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how the rotation of hundreds of turbines can influence local weather conditions within a wind farm and in the surrounding areas. This experiment measures temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, …

The Future Of Aerospace Propulsion: Visco-Elastic Non-Newtonian Liquids, Nicole Arockiam

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Aerospace propulsion often involves the spray and combustion of liquids. When a liquid is sprayed, large drops form first, in a process known as primary atomization. Then, each drop breaks up into smaller droplets, in a process known as secondary atomization. This determines final drop sizes, which affect the liquid’s evaporation and mixing rates and ultimately influence combustor efficiency. Little has been published concerning the secondary atomization of visco-elastic non-Newtonian liquids, such as gels. These substances have special potential as aerospace propellants, because they are safer to handle than their Newtonian liquid counterparts, such as water. Additionally, they can be …

Mobilization Of Endocrine‐Disrupting Chemicals And Estrogenic Activity In Simulated Rainfall Runoff From Land‐Applied Biosolids, Ben D. Giudice, Thomas M. Young

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Municipal biosolids are commonly applied to land as soil amendment or fertilizer as a form of beneficial reuse of what could otherwise be viewed as waste. Balanced against this benefit are potential risks to groundwater and surface water quality from constituents that may be mobilized during storm events. The objective of the present study was to characterize the mobilization of selected endocrinedisrupting compounds, heavy metals, and total estrogenic activity in rainfall runoff from land-applied biosolids. Rainfall simulations were conducted on soil plots amended with biosolids. Surface runoff and leachate was collected and analyzed for the endocrinedisrupting compounds bisphenol A, 17a-ethynylestradiol, …

Integration Of A Real Option Of An Environmental Project, Qi Yang

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This thesis explores a problem of how to evaluate environmental projects under the Carbon Cap-and-Trade Scheme (CCTS) from the perspective of an individual firm. The focus is the integration of a real option approach for project investment timing and financial carbon option approach for carbon credit management. The real option is for a mid or long term decision on when to invest on the environmental project, and the financial option is for a supplementary decision to hedge short-term residue risks. Two uncertainties (the carbon price and carbon credit demand) are considered, and their changes are represented by a lattice of …

Comparison Of Best Economy And Best Power Mixture Settings In The Purdue University Training Fleet, Charles G. Chrisman

Purdue Polytechnic Directed Projects

Purdue University operates a fleet of Cirrus SR20s as training aircraft. Standard operating procedures for the cruise portion of cross country training flights call for 65% power with a best power mixture, also called rich of peak, as opposed to a best economy setting, also called lean of peak. Previous work demonstrated that fuel consumption rates, cylinder head temperatures, and true airspeeds are lower when best economy is employed compared to best power for the same power output. This study confirmed that best economy is associated with a lower fuel consumption rate and lower cylinder head temperatures but was unable …

Comparison Of Turbine Engine Test Cell Airborne Nanoparticle Count Versus Ambient Background Particle Count, Ryne Larowe

Purdue Polytechnic Directed Projects

With the establishment of the National Test Facility for Aerospace Fuels and Propulsion at Purdue University in October of 2009, new equipment has been acquired to measure and classify exhaust emissions. This facility utilizes the Honeywell F109 turbofan and Pratt & Whitney PT-6 turboprop engine test cells to analyze the emissions and engine operation of new alternative aviation fuels. This observational study investigates what, if any difference there is in the amount of ambient residual Particulate Matter (PM) in the turbofan engine test cell when compared to ambient particle count associated with the Purdue University Airport (KLAF) property. The project …

Stereoscopic Vision's Impact On Spatial Ability Testing, George Takahashi

Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses

A look into spatial ability testing tools and the variations that past researchers made to focus on key factors that affect test scores, will demonstrate the need for tuning traditional testing methods to accommodate a wider demographic and provide more accurate results. Due to technological limitations of the time, a large variety of past spatial tests were developed by hand-drawings. Within this research, the addition of stereoscopic vision is analyzed to determine the value of said changes on human perception of spatial entities.

Modeling Particle Filtration And Caking In Fibrous Filter Media, Seyed Alireza Hosseini

Theses and Dissertations

This study is aimed at developing modeling methodologies for simulating the flow of air and aerosol particles through fibrous filter media made up of micro- or nano-fibers. The study also deals with modeling particle deposition (due to Brownian diffusion, interception, and inertial impaction) and particle cake formation, on or inside fibrous filters. By computing the air flow field and the trajectory of airborne particles in 3-D virtual geometries that resemble the internal microstructure of fibrous filter media, pressure drop and collection efficiency of micro- or nano-fiber filters are simulated and compared with the available experimental studies. It was demonstrated that …

Implementation And Testing Of Rans Turbulence Models For Stably Stratified Flows, Zachary A. Elliott, S. K. Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The presence of buoyancy forces due to stratification has a substantial effect on the flow development and mixing processes and hence influences the distribution of pollutants and suspended matter in environmental flows such as in reservoirs, lakes, and estuaries. In this study, we focus on the implementation and testing of proposed changes that explicitly account for buoyancy effects in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of stably stratified homogeneous turbulence are used to study the parameters in two-equation RANS turbulence models such as the buoyancy parameter Cε3, and the turbulent Prandtl number Prt in the k-ε …

Zein Nanospheres For Gene Delivery, Mary C. Regier

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Particulates incorporating DNA provide for protection and sustained release of DNA, and thus are promising candidates for DNA delivery systems. Among the routes of administration for gene delivery, the oral route is perhaps the most appealing as it is associated with patient comfort and compliance and allows for targeting to intestinal targets for therapeutic and vaccination applications. With the goal of realizing the potential of an oral DNA delivery system, zein, a hydrophobic protein from corn that is biocompatible and degraded enzymatically, was investigated. This thesis describes the formulation of zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA by a coacervation technique and their …

Developing A Hybrid Model To Predict Student First Year Retention And Academic Success In Stem Disciplines Using Neural Networks, Ruba Alkhasawneh

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding the reasoning behind the low enrollment and retention rates of Underrepresented Minority (URM) students (African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans) in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has concerned many researchers for decades. Numerous studies have used traditional statistical methods to identify factors that affect and predict student retention. Recently, researchers have relied on using data mining techniques for modeling student retention in higher education [1]. This research has used neural networks for performance modeling in order to obtain an adequate understanding of factors related to first year academic success and retention of URM at …

Desorption Kinetics Of An Alternative Monoethanolamine Based Co2 Capture Process, Morris D. Argyle, Zhuoyan Sun, Maohong Fan

Faculty Publications

Supported monoethanolamine (MEA) sorbents are promising materials for CO2 separation due to their low energy demands. Like any other CO2 separation technologies, CO2 desorption from supported MEA sorbents is the most energy-expensive step in the overall CO2 separation process. The presence of water during CO2 desorption process leads to a significant increase in energy consumption. Therefore, CO2 desorption in the absence of water is an important method to reduce energy consumption of CO2 separation using supported MEA, which is determined by several major factors, including desorption kinetics. However, study on CO2 desorption kinetics of supported MEA is lacking. This research …

Relating Climatic Attributes And Water Resources Allocation: A Study Using Surface Water Supply And Soil Moisture Indices In The Snake River Basin, Idaho, David J. Hoekema, Venkataramana Sridhar

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Climate change forced by anthropogenic activities has been ongoing since at least the beginning of the industrial revolution. Part of the recent warming in the western United States has been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. This research seeks to answer the basic question of how declining streamflow, increasing temperatures, and fluctuation in precipitation have impacted water resource allocation in the Snake River Plain over the past 35 years (1971-2005). Understanding how changes in climatic attributes have historically impacted water allocation should help water managers better understand how projected climate change may influence allocation. Annual and monthly diversion trends from 62 …

Theoretical And Numerical Research On Sediment Transport In Pressurized Flow Conditions, Zhaoding Xie

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Research of river bed erosion is an important part of designing bridges and transportation networks since the stability and hydrodynamic response of bridges critically depends on river bed scour. The engineering designers traditionally focus on the local scour around hydraulic structures, such as piers and abutments, in open channel flow. The pressurized scour under a submerged bridge deck is seldom researched.

In this study, the commercial CFD codes, FLOW3D and STARCCM+, are adopted to simulate pressure scour under a bridge deck with six girders. Several limitations for FLOW3D are found during its application of sediment transport model: a) the scour …

Polarization Sensitive Near-Complete Reflection From Photonic Crystal Slab In Centered Rectangular Lattice, Simon Padron, Kris Ohlinger, Karen Lozano, Yuankun Lin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In this study, reflective properties have been systematically calculated for two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs in centered rectangular lattices with elliptical patterns for transverse electric polarization along perpendicular x- and y-directions. The slab structures can be geometrically optimized for a near-complete reflection over a broad wavelength range. The reflection from the photonic crystal slabs is polarization selective, allowing a complete reflection for one polarization and complete transmission for the other polarization, which could be useful for a laser cavity mirror without using Brewster windows. The dependence of the reflection on the slab thickness and the structural parameters demonstrates the effect of …

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Transonic Wake Flow In The Presence Of An Adverse Pressure Gradient And Streamline Curvature, Jeffrey Reed Gibson

Theses and Dissertations

Wakes are present in many engineering flows. These flows include internal flows such as mixing chambers and turbomachinery as well as external flows like flow over high-lift or multi-element airfoils. Many times these wakes are exposed to flow conditions such as adverse pressure gradients and streamline curvature that alter the mean flow and turbulent structure of the wake. The ability to understand how pressure gradients and streamline curvature affects the structure of the wake is essential to predicting how the wake will affect the performance of the application in which it is found. The effects of pressure gradients and curvature …

Buckling Of Profiled Steel Diaphragms, Rao V. Nunna

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Lip Localization Algorithm Using Gabor Filters, Robert E. Hursig, Jane Xiaozheng Zhang, Chiweng Kam

Electrical Engineering

This paper describes a lip localization algorithm within a still image frame for subsequent tracking and audiovisual speech recognition processing. A Gabor filter-based feature space is promoted as a means to localize lips within an image based off of shape. This filtered space is shown to effectively differentiate facial features, including lips, from their backgrounds and to bound the full extent of the lips within a face-classified region of interest. Extensive training and test sets are used to justify design decisions and performance.

Enhancement Of Optical Emission From Laser-Induced Plasmas By Combined Spatial And Magnetic Confinement, L. B. Guo, W. Hu, B. Y. Zhang, X. N. He, C. M. Li, Y. S. Zhou, Z. X. Cai, X. Y. Zeng, Yongfeng Lu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Within the past decades, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a well-established and powerful optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analytical technique [1–5]. As a useful analytical tool, LIBS is used extensively in various areas such as remote detection, hostile environment monitoring, and cultural heritage conservation [6–10]. Researchers are paying more attention to LIBS as a diagnostic method for elemental analysis as it is characterized by fast, real-time, in situ, low invasiveness, and multi-elemental diagnosis, normally without the need for sample preparation [11,12]. However, one of its major drawbacks is its low sensitivity, which seriously hinders further improving the limit of detection …

Ground Penetrating Radar System For Underground Imaging, Michelle Salvador, Ricardo Von Borries*

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Summer 2011

No abstract provided.

Smart Grid Platform, David Guzman ^, Virgilio Gonzalez *

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Summer 2011

No abstract provided.