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2007

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Articles 3421 - 3450 of 3831

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Bone-Shaped Short Fiber Composite, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Bone-Shaped Short Fiber Composite, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Civil engineers use steel, fiberglass and other similar materials to increase concrete's strength and toughness, but using those materials often requires costly construction techniques. Short-wire reinforced concrete should become a favorite technology since the process is compatible with standard construction processes and the steel used for the bone-shaped fibers is relatively cheap. Researchers at Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory have discovered that enlarging the ends of small fibers mixed into concrete substantially increases the material's overall strength and toughness.

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Gfrc Facade Panels With Steel Stud/Flex Anchor Connection, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Gfrc Facade Panels With Steel Stud/Flex Anchor Connection, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The ability of building cladding systems to perform successfully depends primarily on their proper design and construction. Current practices in the United States utilize GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) panels. However, new problems are being detected with such systems. The facade and its attachments (using GFRC) are not being adequately implemented to accommodate vertical and horizontal differential movement between the panels and concrete frame which is resulting in failure or cracking of the panels, and chipping off of the supporting concrete. With proper design and construction, steel stud-framed GFRC-skin cladding concept provides a versatile system for freedom of expression in …

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Substiwood™ - Concrete Lumber, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Substiwood™ - Concrete Lumber, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

In the United States, wood lumber products have always formed the primary (and secondary) elements of many types of construction, especially in the single-and multi-family housing sector. A new cementitious material, 'concrete lumber' products (SubstiwoodTM) developed by Substiwood Inc. is structurally strong, durable, nailable with conventional screws and nails, and sawable using hand or electric saws. Unlike other construction alternatives to wood framing, the SubstiwoodTM products essentially maintain the existing wood frame construction methods, processes, equipment, and skilled labor.

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Ultrascreen - Sight And Sound Barrier Partition Walls, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Ultrascreen - Sight And Sound Barrier Partition Walls, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Panels have been widely used for many years to act as sight and sound barriers in most of the highways and in residential areas where visual privacy is needed. The United States Gypsum Company, early in the 1980's started developing technologies to improve and reduced costs using lightweight cement panels. Recently, USG along with AFM Corporation introduced ULTRASCREEN: Sight and Sound Barrier. This lightweight panels require no special equipment for installation, maintenance, or replacement making them beneficial. This latest development also creates a system with good acoustical performance and excellent strength to weight ratio.

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Atlss Integrated Building System, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Atlss Integrated Building System, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The AIBS (ATLSS Integrated Building Systems) program was developed to coordinate ongoing research projects in automated construction and connection systems. The objective of this technology is to design, fabricate, erect, and evaluate cost-effective building systems with a focus on providing a computer integrated approach to these activities.

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Polymer Concrete Pipes, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Polymer Concrete Pipes, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Materials are needed for piping applications that have high strength and are resistant to corrosive chemicals. Polymer concrete pipes are one solution to this problem. These pipes are made by mixing a high strength, thermosetting resin with oven-dried aggregate to form a type of concrete. The resin within the mix provides for bonding the aggregate much like Portland Cement does in traditional concrete pipes.

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Frp Rebar (Afrp, Cfrp, Gfrp), Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Frp Rebar (Afrp, Cfrp, Gfrp), Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Insufficient concrete cover, poor design or workmanship, and presence of large amounts of aggressive agents including environmental factors all can lead to cracking of the concrete and corrosion of the steel rebar. The problems of steel corrosion are avoided with the use of FRPs because FRP materials are nonmetallic and noncorrosive. In addition, FRP materials exhibit several properties including high tensile strength, that make them suitable for the use as structural reinforcement. Furthermore, codes and design guide provisions have been recently prepared for the use of FRP bars in concrete structures for bridges and buildings.

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New Infrastructure Repair Method - Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

New Infrastructure Repair Method - Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

As the United States infrastructure gets older, the need for repair and rehabilitation increases. Most of the constructed facilities are deteriorating at a rate faster than they can be repaired. Thermal setting resins and fiber rods and sheets are being used to repair and upgrade structural systems. High-strength FRP fabric can be wrapped with relative ease around a bridge pier, a concrete column, or a concrete beams. They are primarily used to stiffen columns and beams and to repair deteriorated concrete components.

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Frp Deck - Rehabilitation Of A Steel Truss Bridge, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Frp Deck - Rehabilitation Of A Steel Truss Bridge, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

To avoid a costly bridge replacement project, the New York State Department of Transportation partnered with private industry to rehabilitate a steel truss bridge using lightweight composites. Reducing dead load on the bridge by 265 tons, the application of composite deck technology doubled the load ratings (to a level higher than the original design) and allowed weight restrictions to be removed, while saving $1.4 million. This was the first time this type of rehabilitation was accomplished in the U.S. FRP bars appear to be promising alternative to steel reinforcement in concrete structures such as marine structures, parking structures, bridge decks, …

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Surtreat - Concrete Restoration & Protection System, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Surtreat - Concrete Restoration & Protection System, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Reinforcing steel corrosion is the most common cause of failure of concrete structures. Once started, rebar corrosion can not be stopped by simply waterproofing the surface of the concrete. Surtreat is a proprietary concrete restoration and protection system. The system includes sequential application of chemical treatments to improve the properties of the deteriorating concrete and protect new structures.

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Simcon: Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Simcon: Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The cost of civil infrastructure constitutes a major portion of the national wealth. Its rapid deterioration has thus created an urgent need for the development of novel, long-lasting and cost-effective methods for repair, retrofit and new construction. A promising new way of resolving this problem is to selectively use advanced composites, such as High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCCs). The investigations conducted in North Carolina University have demonstrated that a special type of continuous fiber-mat HPFRCC, called SIMCON which stands for Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete, is well suited for the development of novel repair, retrofit and new-construction solutions that lead …

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Use Of Recycled Tire Rubber In Concrete, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Use Of Recycled Tire Rubber In Concrete, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

More than 250 million scrap tires weighing more than 3 million tons are generated each year in the United States. This is considered as one of the major environmental challenges facing municipalities around the world because waste rubber is not easily biodegradable even after a long period of landfill treatment. One of the solutions suggested is the use of tire rubber particles as additives in cement-based materials. Experiments under the laboratory environments commonly presented that the use of rubber in the concrete cement mix reduced drying shrinkage, brittleness, and elastic modulus, which might improve the overall durability and serviceability of …

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Snap Joint Technology For Composite Structures, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Snap Joint Technology For Composite Structures, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The optimum composite joint design is the one capable of distributing stresses over a wide area rather than to concentrate them at a point. Adhesively bonded joints can satisfy these requirements, however, most of the adhesives are brittle, and brittle failure is unavoidable. This was the motivation of developing what is called the SNAP joint. The snap joint technology developed by W. Brandt Goldworthy & Associates, Inc. The concept is based on similar joining technology used for connecting wooden parts (wood is considered as natural orthotropic composites). Also, this technique is very similar to techniques which were used a decade …

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Precast Inverted T Beam, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Precast Inverted T Beam, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Current systems are either costly or time consuming to erect and have limitations. Cast-in-place slabs have become too expensive and time-consuming due to extensive field formwork. The Nebraska Inverted Tee (IT) system was designed for use by small contractors in sparsely populated areas where relatively modest erection equipment exists. The ITs were developed in "hard" metric units, i.e., using round-figure millimeters.

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Conductive Concrete, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Conductive Concrete, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Concrete has been used for many years as a composite material that has excellent mechanical properties and durability for construction. However, concrete is a poor electrical conductor, especially under dry conditions. Traditional methods can warm roads, but installation cost is high and the procedure is complicated. A research team in Material Laboratory of Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada, led by Dr. James J. Beaudoin, has developed a new conductive concrete with both superior electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.

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Snap-Tite Composite Column Reinforcement, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Snap-Tite Composite Column Reinforcement, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Recent earthquakes throughout the world have demonstrated the vulnerabilities of older reinforced concrete columns to seismic deformation demands. The Snap Tite Composite Column Reinforcement strengthens a concrete column by confining it in an external composite jacket, which prevents the concrete from expanding during seismic activity or prolonged freeze-thaw cycles. The pre-manufactured fiberglass jacket is comprised of glass fibers and corrosion resistant isopolyester resins.

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Cfrp) Laminates For Structural Strengthening, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Cfrp) Laminates For Structural Strengthening, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Strengthening measures are required in structures when they are required to accommodate increased loads. Also, when there are changes in the use of structures, individual supports and walls may need to be removed. The pultruded CFRP laminate reinforcing consists of bonding the CFRP strip with the concrete structure using a high-strength epoxy resin as the adhesive. The CFRP strips are manufactured using a pultrusion process. The pultrusion principle is comparable with a continuous press. It provides great strength, high modulus of elasticity, and outstanding fatigue resistance It is a very lightweight non-corrosive material, that requires minimal preparation of laminates, and …

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Use Of Composite Piping Offshore, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Use Of Composite Piping Offshore, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The high cost to replace steel piping in retrofit applications and increased longevity in new construction is driving the search for composite materials which are able to withstand the severe conditions experienced by offshore facilities. Advantages of composite piping compared to steel piping are: inherent corrosion resistance, lighter weight, ease of fabrication, lower maintenance costs, and lower life cycle costs.

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Shrinkage Reducing Admixture For Concrete, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Shrinkage Reducing Admixture For Concrete, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Concrete shrinkage cracking is a common problem in all types of concrete structures, especially for structures and environments where the cracks are prevalent and the repercussions are most severe. A liquid shrinkage reducing admixture for concrete, developed by GRACE Construction Products and ARCO Chemical Company, that reduces significantly the shrinkage during concrete drying and potentially reduces overall cracking over time.

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Low Temperature Concrete Admixture, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Low Temperature Concrete Admixture, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Performing construction processes under the cold weather condition requires construction engineers to plan operations considering low temperature condition. Concrete admixture mostly chemically interact with the constituents of concrete and affect the properties and characteristics of the fresh and hardened concrete and its durability. The purposes of the admixtures include water reduction, high strength, corrosion protection, crack control, finish enhancement, flowability, etc. One of the interesting and useful purposes is protection against freeze.

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Bladepro: 3d Automatic Grade Control System, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Bladepro: 3d Automatic Grade Control System, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Currently most of the methods to control grading equipment to achieve the required production accuracy are based on conventional surveying, such as grade stakes and stringlines. BladePro System, developed by Spectra Precision in 1998, is a dual automatic blade control system that uses advance computer technology and user friendly operator controls. This system provides contractors a three dimensional machine control system for roads, railway beds and airport runway construction.

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Mellose Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete Admixture, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Mellose Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete Admixture, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Mellose is a viscose agent based on under water Cellulose (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). It is commonly referred to as a a self-leveling agent that increases viscosity when is dissolved in water. It can be also described as an anti-washout concrete or non-dispersible concrete mixture. Mellose is an essential component of high performance concrete construction under water.

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Safespantm: Multi-Span Bridge Decking And Shielding, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Safespantm: Multi-Span Bridge Decking And Shielding, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Contractors in bridge rehabilitation have been experiencing risks and difficulties associated with their line of work: safety and inspection issues, environmental concerns, business interruption, emergency situations, and rising labor costs. Safespan™ Multi-Span Bridge Platform System was developed by James Frangos and Lambros Apostolopoulos in 1995 to alleviate the obstacles found in bridge rehabilitation. The system designs are flexible. It uses various methods to connect the platform to the structure, depending on the bridge's configuration, that allow contractors to adjust the platform's height for a desired working clearance.

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Steel-Free Concrete Bridge Deck, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Steel-Free Concrete Bridge Deck, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Eliminating corrosion makes concrete deck slabs virtually maintenance-free, which makes life cycle costs of steel-free concrete decks much lower than reinforced concrete decks. In response, compressive membrane forces develop in the concrete deck. Ultimate load can be greater than the load at which the same deck would fail if it were reinforced conventionally.

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Amir: Asphalt Multi Integrated Roller, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Amir: Asphalt Multi Integrated Roller, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Conventional rolling equipment, such as steel vibratory rollers, while capable of achieving a specified density, results in construction induced cracks. These cracks are often visually apparent, and they are due to a mismatch between the geometry and relative rigidity of the roller and the asphalt mix. Asphalt Multi Integrated Roller (AMIR) was developed to compact asphalt and to prevent the surface cracking of pavement. AMIR was developed by replacing the cylindrical stiff shape with a moving flat softer plate which results in a crack free asphalt layer and more uniform compaction along and across the mat.

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Pothole Repairing Compound : Bondade Tcu-31, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Pothole Repairing Compound : Bondade Tcu-31, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Conventional asphalt-based tacking materials such as hot asphalt-cement, cutbacks or emulsions cannot be applied without specialized spraying and heating equipment. With current methods of repair, nearly half of the potholes filled today will fail within six months. Bondade uses readily available spraying equipment to wet the surface and develop a tenacious bond between the asphalt and the existing substrate. It is an environmentally safe and non-hazardous material that may be used with hot or cold asphalt concrete, under damp or dry conditions and on nearly all surfaces.

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Electrochemical Chloride Extraction, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Electrochemical Chloride Extraction, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

Conventional methods to deal with chloride-contaminated concrete require the removal of the contaminated concrete and replacement with uncontaminated concrete. These methods are noisy, dirty, time consuming, costly, and in some cases structurally detrimental. The Norcure system is a rehabilitation method developed to remove salt (chloride ions) from salt contaminated concrete structures without damaging the concrete. The removal of chloride ions stops the corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel and greatly extends the service life of salt contaminated structures.

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Italgrip System, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Italgrip System, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The ever increasing number of registered vehicles has resulted in, up until the present time, a parallel increase in the number of road accidents. One of the reasons for this is that the quality of the road surface has not adequately kept pace with the increased volume of traffic. The Italgrip System increases skid resistance, reduces hydroplaning risk, reduces noise, and reduces salt consumption and can be applied to asphalt, concrete, or steel surfaces. It has been applied to several roadways in Europe, particularly road sections exhibiting problem areas.

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Reactive Powder Concrete, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Reactive Powder Concrete, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

RPC represents a new class of Portland cement-based material with compressive strengths in excess of 200 MPa range. By introducing fine steel fibers, RPC can achieve remarkable flexural strength up to 50 MPa. The material exhibits high ductility with typical values for energy absorption approaching those reserved for metals.

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Segmental Precast Floating Draw Span, Purdue Ect Team Jan 2007

Segmental Precast Floating Draw Span, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The Admiral Clarey Bridge, includes a 100 ft long causeway, a 400 ft long fixed trestle and a 1035 ft long moveable section that includes the transition and floating drawspan. The fixed spans include a low level section as well as a high level section to allow a small boat channel. Floating structures, with a modular and repetitive configuration, provide the classic precasting opportunity for multiple reuses of the concrete formwork. This will reduce forming costs, produce nearly identical finished pieces, smooth surfaces, and easy fit-up and assembly.

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