Engineering Commons^™

Synthesis Of Chemical Tags, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A method for forming a biological chemical tag. At least one double stranded DNA molecule is provided. At least a portion of the at least one double stranded DNA molecule is denatured. At least one chemical moiety that prohibits recrystallization of the at least one denatured portion to which the at least one chemical moiety is attached is attached to at least one nucleotide in the at least one denatured portion of the at least one double stranded DNA molecule.

Exotendons For Assistance Of Human Locomotion, Antonie J. Van Den Bogert

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Powered robotic exoskeletons for assistance of human locomotion are currently
under development for military and medical applications. The energy requirements for such devices are excessive, and this has become a major obstacle for practical applications. Legged locomotion in many animals, however, is very energy efficient. We propose that poly-articular elastic mechanisms are a major contributor to the economy of locomotion in such specialized animals. Consequently, it should be possible to design unpowered assistive devices that make effective use of similar mechanisms.

Methods: A passive assistive technology is presented, based on long elastic cords attached to an
exoskeleton and guided …

Interpreting Hemoglobin And Water Concentration, Oxygen Saturation, And Scattering Measured In Vivo By Near-Infrared Breast Tomography, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Shudong Jiang, Hamid Dehghani, Christine Kogel, Sandra Soho, Jennifer J. Gibson, Tor D. Tosteson, Steven P. Poplack, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Near-infrared spectroscopic tomography was used to measure the properties of 24 mammographically normal breasts to quantify whole-breast absorption and scattering spectra and to evaluate which tissue composition characteristics can be determined from these spectra. The absorption spectrum of breast tissue allows quantification of (i) total hemoglobin concentration, (ii) hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and (iii) water concentration, whereas the scattering spectrum provides information about the size and number density of cellular components and structural matrix elements. These property data were tested for correlation to demographic information, including subject age, body mass index, breast size, and radiographic …

Detection Of Weak Transitions In Signal Dynamics Using Recurrence Time Statistics, J. B. Gao, Yinhe Cao, Lingyun Gu, J. G. Harris, J. C. Principe

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Signal detection in noisy and nonstationary environments is very challenging. In this Letter, we study why the two types of recurrence times [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3178] may be very useful for detecting weak transitions in signal dynamics. We particularly emphasize that the recurrence times of the second type may be more powerful in detecting transitions with very low energy. These features are illustrated by studying a number of speech signals with fricatives and plosives. We have also shown that the recurrence times of the first type, nevertheless, has the distinguished feature of being more robust to the noise …

Development Of Standard Methods To Estimate Manure Production And Nutrient Characteristics From Dairy Cattle, T. Nennich, J. H. Harrison, D. Meyer, W. P. Weiss, A. J. Heinrichs, R. L. Kincaid, W. J. Powers, Richard K. Koelsch, P. E. Wright

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Total collection data from many universities were pooled for statistical analyses to evaluate existing data from dairy animals and determine if one or more modifications were needed for Standard Table D384.1. Many of these studies were carried out to evaluate nutritional characteristics associated with different diets. The data collected were sufficient to evaluate total manure, total and volatile solids, and N excretion values. Some experiments had sufficient number of samples analyzed to evaluate P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, S, and micro-elements. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if a single column value was appropriate and define the regression equations …

Proposed Beef Cattle Manure Excretion And Characteristics Standard For Asae, Galen E. Erickson, B. Auvermann, R. A. Eigenberg, L. W. Greene, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Richard K. Koelsch

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

A committee was formed consisting of both animal scientists and agricultural engineers to evaluate and update current ASAE standards. An intake minus retention model was developed to estimate nutrient excretion. This approach allows users (producers, engineers, etc.) to develop site specific information based on known variables such as protein or phosphorus content of diets and cattle performance. This approach illustrates the importance of nutrition on nutrient excretion in livestock operations. Our focus is for feedlot cattle and updates excretion of dry matter (DM or total solids), organic matter (OM or volatile solids), N, P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, …

Use Of Computer Spreadsheets And Paper-Based Workbooks To Teach Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning, Charles A. Shapiro, R. L. Deloughery, Richard K. Koelsch, M. J. Kucera, Charles S. Wortmann

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

The objective of this program was to provide producers and ag advisors the skills needed to apply for and maintain the non-engineering components of a Nebraska permit to operate a livestock waste control facility. This includes a Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP). Eighty six producers and advisors participated in an intensive three-session hands-on class with a total of nine contact hours at four sites in eastern Nebraska in the spring of 2002. The workshop included lecture and participant use of spreadsheet tools to assist with performing the necessary calculations. With an average of 68 % responses per session, 58% rated …

Storage Coalescing, Delvin C. Defoe

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Typically, when a program executes, it creates objects dynamically and requests storage for its objects from the underlying storage allocator. The patterns of such requests can potentially lead to internal fragmentation as well as external fragmentation. Internal fragmentation occurs when the storage allocator allocates a contiguous block of storage to a program, but the program uses only a fraction of that block to satisfy a request. The unused portion of that block is wasted since the allocator cannot use it to satisfy a subsequent allocation request. External fragmentation, on the other hand, concerns chunks of memory that reside between allocated …

Hgcdte Focal Plane Array Cost Modeling, Thomas J. Sanders, Glenn T. Hess

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Focal plane arrays (FPAs) are used in many applications for detecting infrared (IR) radiation where normal sight with light in the visible spectrum is not possible. To effectively detect this IR radiation, complex semiconductor diodes, cooled to low temperatures, are usually used. The most common of these semiconductor materials is the II-VI alloy semiconductor system using HgCdTe, which is often called MCT. Focal plane arrays with over 1000 pixels have been fabricated. The cost of these very complex systems is becoming a very important consideration in decisions of where to use these FPAs. The focal plane array actually consists of …

Large Eddy Simulation Based Turbulent Flow-Induced Vibration Of Fully Developed Pipe Flow, Matthew Thurlow Pittard

Theses and Dissertations

Flow-induced vibration caused by fully developed pipe flow has been recognized, but not fully investigated under turbulent conditions. This thesis focuses on the development of a numerical Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model that will help define the relationship between pipe wall vibration and the physical characteristics of turbulent flow. Commercial FSI software packages are based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) fluid models, which do not compute the instantaneous fluctuations in turbulent flow. This thesis presents an FSI approach based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) flow models, which do compute the instantaneous fluctuations in turbulent flow. The results based on the LES …

Predictive Joint Motion Limiting In Robotic Applications, Edward Red, Brian Fielding

Faculty Publications

Three joint space algorithms slow the Cartesian path motion when it appears that joint motion is approaching a joint, speed, or acceleration limit. All three algorithms use quadratic curve fitting to predict where the joint motion is heading, followed by a prediction as to how much time would elapse until a limit is reached.

Polyphase Filter With Low-Pass Response, Vladimir I. Prodanov, Peter Kiss, Mihai Banu

Electrical Engineering

A complex low-pass filter that reduces the influence of component mismatch. The filter includes a first filter section for effecting a first single pole transfer function and a second filter section for effecting a second single pole transfer function, where the first and the second single pole transfer functions collectively define a conjugate pair of poles. In higher order low-pass filters, an optimal cascade order follows a shoestring pattern.

Modeling, Fabrication, And Optimization Of Niobium Cavities: Phase Iii Quarterly Report, Robert A. Schill Jr., Mohamed Trabia

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

Niobium cavities are important parts of the integrated NC/SC high-power linacs. Over the years, researchers in several countries have tested various cavity shapes. They concluded that elliptically shaped cells are the most appropriate shape for superconducting cavities. The need for very clean surfaces lead to the use of a buffered chemical polishing produce for surface cleaning to get good performance of the cavities. The third phase concludes the experimental a fluid flow study and optimization study. The first quarter and second quarter of phase three also begins the experimental set-up of secondary emission studies from niobium in superconducting mode. This …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 20, Number 2, October 2003, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

An eight page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Fall 2003, 909 Wmpg Fm

WMPG Program Guides

Fall 2003

Commentary On The Specifications For The Design, Testing, And Utilization Of Industrial Steel Storage Racks, Rack Manufacturers Institute

Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) Specifications and Manuals (1984 - 2012)

No abstract provided.

Sensitivity Analysis Of Neural Control, Chin-Wang Tao, Hung T. Nguyen, J. T. Yao, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

We provide explicit formulas that describe how sensitive the resulting signal of a neural network is to the measurement errors with which we measure the inputs.

Real-Time Algorithms For Statistical Analysis Of Interval Data, Berlin Wu, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

When we have only interval ranges [xi] of sample values x1,...,xn, what is the interval [V] of possible values for the variance V of these values? There are quadratic time algorithms for computing the exact lower bound V- on the variance of interval data, and for computing V+ under reasonable easily verifiable conditions. The problem is that in real life, we often make additional measurements. In traditional statistics, if we have a new measurement result, we can modify the value of variance in constant time. In contrast, previously known algorithms for processing interval data required that, once a new data …

A New Differential Formalism For Interval-Valued Functions And Its Potential Use In Detecting 1-D Landscape Features, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Gracaliz Pereira Dimuro, Antonio Carlos Da Rocha Costa, Benjamin Rene Callejas Bedregal

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical problems, it is important to know the slope (derivative) dy/dx of one quantity y with respect to some other quantity x. For example, different 1-D landscape features can be characterized by different values of the derivative dy/dx, where y is an altitude, and x is a horizontal coordinate. In practice, we often know the values of y(x) for different x with interval uncertainty. How can we then find the set of possible values of the slope? In this paper, we formulate this problem of differentiating interval-values functions in precise terms, and we describe an (asymptotically) optimal algorithm …

Fast Multiplication Of Interval Matrices (Interval Version Of Strassen's Algorithm), Martine Ceberio, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Strassen's algorithm multiplies two numerical matrices fast, but when applied to interval matrices, leads to excess width. We use Rump's interval arithmetic to propose an interval version of Strassen's algorithm whose only excess width is in second order terms.

Separating Components In Interval-Valued Images, Marilton Sanchotene De Aguiar, Gracaliz Pereira Dimuro, Antonio Carlos Da Rocha Costa, Andrei Finkelstein, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many applications of imaging, we would like to know whether we have an image of a single-component object or an image of an object that consists of several components. Many algorithms have been designed to solve this problem; however, these algorithms are all heuristic. Often, according to some reasonable methods, we have a single component, while according to some other equally reasonable methods, the same image have multiple components. It is desirable to produce reliable methods, so that if a method claims that there are multiple components, then it should mean that the observed data is incompatible with the …

Ua66/1/5 Applied Research & Technology Program Newsletter, Issue 2, Wku Applied Research & Technology Program

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about the Applied Research & Technology Program.

Evaluation Of Nonlinear Static Procedures Using Strong-Motion Records Of Buildings, Rakesh K. Goel

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the FEMA-356 Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) and a recently developed Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) procedure using recorded motions of four buildings that were damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. For this purpose, the motions at non-instrumented floors are “derived” from the motions at instrumented floors by using cubic spline interpolation procedure. Analytical models of the four buildings are developed using the computer program D2DX and calibrated by matching the computed vibration periods and the “elastic” periods identified form the recorded motions. Accuracy of the computer model is evaluated by comparing the computed …

Neural Electronic Signal Detection Fidelity And Membrane Conductance, Robert B. Szlavik

Biomedical Engineering

Abstract of paper presented at conference.

Ole Miss Engineer 2003

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 45 Number 2, Fall 2003, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - 'A FAVORITE ABODE OF SCIENCE' By Elizabeth Kelley Gillogly '93. A new exhibit of Santa Clara University's scientific equipment from 1851-1900 reveals the Jesuits' early dedication to scientific inquiry, and the ways in which the University contributed to the history of science.

14 - COMING HOME By Mitch Finley '73. More than 60 million Americans are Catholic, but millions of them are estranged from the Church. More often than you might think, however, "lapsed Catholics" decide to come home to the Church. Why did they leave? And what brings them back?

18 - STUDENTS TO THE RESCUE By …

Novel Approaches To Numerical Software With Result Verification, Laurent Granvilliers, Vladik Kreinovich, Norbert Mueller

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Traditional design of numerical software with result verification is based on the assumption that we know the algorithm f(x_1,...,xn) that transforms input x1,...,xn into the output y=f(x1,...,xn), and we know the intervals of possible values of the inputs. Many real-life problems go beyond this paradigm. In some cases, we do not have an algorithm f, we only know some relation (constraints) between xi and y. In other cases, in addition to knowing the intervals [xi], we may know some relations between xi; we may have some information about the probabilities of different values of xi, and we may know the …

Combined Beamforming And Space-Time Block Coding With Sparse Array Antennas, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Mohammad Ghavami

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Hydrologic Model Selection For The Cfcas Project: Assessment Of Water Resources Risk And Vulnerability To Changing Climatic Conditions, Juraj Cunderlik

Water Resources Research Report

The main purpose of this report is to present an up-to-date summary and comparison of existing hydrologic models that are potentially suitable for achieving the goals set in the Canadian Foundation for Climatic and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) funded project “Assessment of Water Resources Risk and Vulnerability to Changing Climatic Conditions” (“project” hereafter). The report is intended to provide the information necessary for choosing the “right” model; a model which would be the most appropriate hydrologic modeling tool for the project in terms of various criteria. A two-level selection approach is used to objectively determine the most suitable model. At the …

Characterizing Debris Clouds Created In Oblique Orbital Debris Particle Impact, D. Depczuk, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The problem of pollution within Earth's orbital environment has gained considerable recognition over the past decades. Determining adequate passive protection schemes is an unending process that attempts to meet different objectives for widely varying types of missions. Significant amounts of resources have been expended toward development of numerical and analytical models that model the response of a variety of target systems under high-speed orbital debris impacts. the objective of the study whose results are presented herein was to improve upon an existing oblique hypervelocity impact model that characterizes the various secondary debris clouds created in such an impact. This was …