Engineering Commons^™

Nebraska Summary: S296 New Holland Ts 110, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

A Literature Review Of The Effect Hot Reduction Has On The Structure, Mechanical Properties, And Fatigue Performance Of Continuous Cast Steel, Stanley J. Syhlman

Graduate Student Work

The purpose of the investigation is to review the published literature concerning investigatlons of the effects of hot reduction and other factors have on the structure, properties, and performance of continuously cast steel products. Of principle interest is the recognition of a minimum reduction ratio needed to provide steel with acceptable design options for industrial customers. The minimum reduction or rolling ratio is the cross-sectional area of the cast billet divided by the corresponding area of the final rolled product required to assure the breakdown of the as cast structure, and the attainment of satisfactory mechanical properties. The investigation is …

Meade: A Modular, Extensible, Adaptable Design Environment For Asic And Fpga Development, Gary Spivey

Faculty Publications - Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

We present MEADE, a Modular, Extensible, Adaptable Design Environment. MEADE has been developed to answer the need for an adaptive design framework for encapsulation of Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools and management of the massive amounts of data associated with the design process. Other frameworks have existed but lacked the critical open source requirement that enables rapid adaptation to a rapidly advancing design methodology. While the initial application and development of MEADE is targeted toward ASIC and FPGA design, the MEADE engine can be easily adapted to abstract any procedural application.

MEADE allows the definition of procedures, which are defined …

Report Of The Poplar Working Group, Steve Strauss

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Poplars consist of all species of the genus Populus, including cottonwoods, aspens, and the many interspecies hybrids in common use (Dickmann and Stuart 1983). Our working group focused on the fungal pathogens, arthropod herbivores, and weed competitors of Populus in the United States. However, bacterial and viral diseases of Populus are significant in Europe, and genetic engineering approaches toward their control or management are being studied. The key aspects of poplar biology important to understanding the use of pest resistance genes are described below.

2h Solid-State Nmr Investigation Of Terephthalate Dynamics And Orientation In Mixed-Anion Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds, Robert S. Maxwell, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, James E. Amonette, Herman Cho

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The dynamics and orientations of interlayer terephthalate (TA) anions in mixed-anion hydrotalcite-like compounds [Mg_1-x Al_x(OH)₂](A_yB_1-y)_x/2•nH₂O, where A = p-C₆D₄(COO)₂^2- and B ) CO₃^2-] were investigated by ²H variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two dominant 003 d spacings, 7.6 and 14.2 Å, were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in these samples, suggesting that there were at least two interlayer environments. Over the range of layer charges studied (0.37 ≥ x ≥ 0.29), the intensity …

Metal Oxide Surfaces And Their Interactions With Aqueous Solutions And Microbial Organisms, Gordon E. Brown Jr., Victor Henrich, William Casey, David Clark, Carrick Eggleston, Andrew Felmy Andrew Felmy, D. Wayne Goodman, Michael Gratzel, Gary Maciel, Maureen I. Mccarthy, Kenneth H. Nealson, Dimitri Sverjensky, Michael Toney, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

During the past decade, interest in chemical reactions occurring at metal oxide-aqueous solution interfaces has increased significantly because of their importance in a variety of fields, including atmospheric chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, chemical sensing, corrosion science, environmental chemistry and geochemistry, metallurgy and ore beneficiation, metal oxide crystal growth, soil science, semiconductor manufacturing and cleaning, and tribology. The metal oxide-aqueous solution interface is reactive due to acid-base, ligand-exchange, and/or redox chemistry involving protons (hydronium ions), hydroxyl groups, aqueous metal ions, and aqueous organic species and also complexes among these species. Interfacial localization of those species (adsorption) may result from electrostatic, …

Climate Change Impacts On The Potential Productivity Of Corn And Winter Wheat In Their Primary United States Growing Regions, Robert Brown, Norman Rosenberg

United States Department of Energy: Publications

We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 _C and three levels of atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has …

Below-Ground Respiratory Responses Of Sugar Maple And Red Maple Saplings To Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment And Elevated Air Temperature, Nelson Edwards, Richard Norby

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The research described in this paper represents a part of a much broader research project with the general objective of describing the effects of elevated [CO₂] and temperature on tree growth, physiological processes, and ecosystem-level processes. The specific objective of this research was to examine the below-ground respiratory responses of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) seedlings to elevated atmospheric [CO₂] and temperature. Red maple and sugar maple seedlings were planted in the ground in each of 12 open-top chambers and exposed from 1994 through 1997 to ambient air …

Ds Cdma Scheme For Watm With Errors And Erasures Decoding, Beata J. Wysocki, Hans-Jürgen Zepernick, Tadeusz Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

In the paper, we present simulation results for the 13 channel DS CDMA WATM LAN utilising optimized complex spreading signatures based on Walsh functions. The method to obtain those optimized spreading signatures, as well as the full set of the coefficients giving the minimum level of cross-correlation between any pair of the channels is shown. The resultant system BER as well as the distribution of errors within WATM cells is given. The obtained results indicate that with the application of a hybrid ARQ scheme with errors and erasures decoding, the number of WATM cells which would require retransmission is in …

A Red-Dot-Blot Protein Assay Technique In The Low Nanogram Range, Tiilin Marcol, Anuradha Subramanian

Papers in Biotechnology

A simple, sensitive, rapid (3 min), and highly reproducible solid-phase assay for the detection of proteins in the low nanogram range (4 ng) is described. The assay is based on differential Pon-ceau S staining of the protein spots on nitrocellulose and quantification of the protein- dye com-plexes on lubricated membranes using a densitometer. The dye solution used for protein stain-ing contained 0.1% Ponceau S in 15% phosphoric acid and 10% ethanol. Proteins were directly spotted onto pre- Ponceau S-stained nitrocellulose membranes, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, rinsed in NaOH, restained with Ponceau S, and finished by rinsing in acid water at pH …

A Red-Dot-Blot Protein Assay Technique In The Low Nanogram Range, Tiilin Marcol, Anuradha Subramanian

Papers in Biotechnology

A simple, sensitive, rapid (3 min), and highly reproducible solid-phase assay for the detection of proteins in the low nanogram range (4 ng) is described. The assay is based on differential Pon-ceau S staining of the protein spots on nitrocellulose and quantification of the protein- dye com-plexes on lubricated membranes using a densitometer. The dye solution used for protein stain-ing contained 0.1% Ponceau S in 15% phosphoric acid and 10% ethanol. Proteins were directly spotted onto pre- Ponceau S-stained nitrocellulose membranes, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, rinsed in NaOH, restained with Ponceau S, and finished by rinsing in acid water at pH …

Predicting The Unconfined Compressive Strength Of The Breathitt Shale Using Slake Durability, Shore Hardness And Rock Structural Properties, Engin C. Koncagül, Paul M. Santi

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Compressive strength is the most widely used design parameter in the construction industry and in rock engineering. For example, Bieniawski [Bieniawski, Z.T., Estimating the strength of rock materials, Is. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 1974, 74, 312-320.] reported that mining engineers request the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) more often than any other rock property. However, standards set for specimen preparation are very demanding. Therefore, it is quite difficult and sometimes impossible to fulfill these requirements using weak rocks and especially shales. This paper evaluates the use of the slake durability and Shore hardness tests to estimate UCS, based on …

Bolt Bearing Behavior Of Engineered Wood Composites, Stephen J. Carstens, David Pollock

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

The goal of this research was to gain a better understanding of the bolt bearing behavior of engineered wood composites made from yellow poplar lumber. Lumber specimens included in this study were laminated veneer lumber, strandbased lumber, yellow poplar lumber, and Douglas-fir larch lumber. Testing followed the half-hole and full-hole configuration as set forth in ASTM Standard D5764 (1998).

In a previous study by Wilkinson (1991), a strong correlation was shown between bearing strength perpendicular to grain and bolt diameter. This study supports Wilkinson's finding for bearing strength perpendicular-to-grain based on the half hole test configuration. Other findings in this …

Fuzzy Systems Are Universal Approximators For A Smooth Function And Its Derivatives, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen, Yeung Yam

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

One of the reasons why fuzzy methodology is successful is that fuzzy systems are universal approximators, i.e., that we can approximate an arbitrary continuous function within any given accuracy by a fuzzy system. In some practical applications (e.g., in control), it is desirable to approximate not only the original function, but also its derivatives (so that, e.g., a fuzzy control approximating a smooth control will also be smooth). In our paper, we show that for any given accuracy, we can approximate an arbitrary smooth function by a fuzzy systems so that not only the function is approximated within this accuracy, …

Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity May Help In Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (Seti), Martin Schmidt

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

One of the main strategies in Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is trying to overhear communications between advanced civilizations. However, there is a (seeming) problem with this approach: advanced civilizations, most probably, save communication expenses by maximally compressing their messages, and the notion of a maximally compressed message is naturally formalized as a message x for which Kolmogorov complexity C(x) is close to its length l(x), i.e., as a "random" message. In other words, a maximally compressed message is indistinguishable from the truly random noise, and thus, trying to detect such a message does not seem to be a …

Extending T-Norms Beyond [0,1]: Relevant Results Of Semigroup Theory, Yeung Yam, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Originally, fuzzy logic was proposed to describe human reasoning. Lately, it turned out that fuzzy logic is also a convenient approximation tool, and that moreover, sometimes a better approximation can be obtained if we use real values outside the interval [0,1]; it is therefore necessary to describe possible extension of t-norms and t-conorms to such new values. It is reasonable to require that this extension be associative, i.e., that the set of truth value with the corresponding operation form a semigroup. Semigroups have been extensively studied in mathematics. In this short paper, we describe several results from semigroup theory which …

Missouri River Stream Bank Erosion Assessment Gavins Point Dam To Ponca, Ne

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The purpose of this report is to document the methodology and results obtained from a study of bank erosion along the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dam (RM 805.2) and Ponca, Nebraska (RM 752.3). Three (3) periods were studied: 1) August 1985 to August 1995, a time span of 10 years and; 2) from August 1995 and August 1997, a time span of 2 years. This study has been prepared by HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR) under Contract No. DACW 45-97-D-0007 (Delivery Order 0019) for the Omaha District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Practical Hints For The Layout And Construction Of 10,000 M3 Circular Dams, Terry Babbington, J S. Addison

Bulletins 4000 -

These notes and illustrations have been compiled to assist earthmovers in the construction of circular excavated earth tank dams, with pipe inlets. Construction techniques tend to evolve over time, so the methods described in this publication will not be definitive, but, they may improve efficiency of construction in the interim. Although the example used in these notes refers to 10,000 m3 dams, the construction techniques, using a bulldozer, described here equally apply to dams of any volume of similar design. Only dimensions will vary. earthmovers using a scarper together with a bulldozer should be able to extract useful information from …

Analysis Of Ductile To Cleavage Transition In Part-Through Cracks Using The Cell Model Incorporating Statistics, Xiaosheng Gao, J. Faleskog, C. Fong Shih

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

This paper describes an approach to study ductile/cleavage transition in ferritic steels using the methodology of a cell model for ductile tearing incorporating weakest link statistics. The model takes into account the constraint effects and puts no restriction on the extent of plastic deformation or amount of ductile tearing preceding cleavage failure. The parameters associated with the statistical model are calibrated using experimental cleavage fracture toughness data, and the effect of threshold stress on predicted cleavage fracture probability is investigated. The issue of two approaches to compute Weibull stress, the ‘history approach’ and the ‘current approach’, is also addressed. The …

Differentiating Type Of Muscle Movement Via Ar Modeling And Neural Network Classification, Beki̇r Karlik

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The aim of this study is to classify electromyogram (EMG) signals for controlling multifunction proshetic devices. An artificial neural network (ANN) implementation was used for this purpose. Autoregressive (AR) parameters of $a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4$ and their signal power obtained from different arm muscle motions were applied to the input of ANN, which is a multilayer perceptron. At the output layer, for 5000 iterations, six movements were distinguished at a high accuracy of 97.6%.

Adaptive Resource Management Via Modular Feedback Control, Ashvin Goel, David Steere, Calton Pu, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

A key feature of tomorrow’s operating systems and runtime environments is their ability to adapt. Current state of the art uses an ad-hoc approach to building adaptive software, resulting in systems that can be complex, unpredictable and brittle. We advocate a modular and methodical approach for building adaptive system software based on feedback control. The use of feedback allows a system to automatically adapt to dynamically varying environments and loads, and allows the system designer to utilize the substantial body of knowledge in other engineering disciplines for building adaptive systems. We have developed a toolkit called SWiFT that embodies this …

Feedback Based Dynamic Proportion Allocation For Disk I/O, Dan Revel, Dylan Mcnamee, Calton Pu, David Steere, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper we propose to use feedback control to automatically allocate disk bandwidth in order to match the rate of disk I/O to the real-rate needs of applications. We describe a model for adaptive resource management based on measuring the relative progress of stages in a producer-consumer pipeline. We show how to use prefetching to transform a passive disk into an active data producer whose progress can be controlled via feedback. Our progress-based framework allows the integrated control of multiple resources. The resulting system automatically adapts to varying application rates as well as to varying device latencies.

Neurocontrol Of Turbogenerators With Adaptive Critic Designs, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the design of a neuro-controller for a turbogenerator using a novel technique based on adaptive critic designs (ACD). This adaptive critic design based neuro-controller augments/replaces the traditional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the turbine governor of the generator. Simulation results are presented to show that neural network controllers with the ACD have the potential to control turbogenerators when system conditions and configuration changes.

Efficient Training Techniques For Classification With Vast Input Space, Donald C. Wunsch, Emad W. Saad, J. J. Choi, J. L. Vian

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Strategies to efficiently train a neural network for an aerospace problem with a large multidimensional input space are developed and demonstrated. The neural network provides classification for over 100,000,000 data points. A query-based strategy is used that initiates training using a small input set, and then augments the set in multiple stages to include important data around the network decision boundary. Neural network inversion and oracle query are used to generate the additional data, jitter is added to the query data to improve the results, and an extended Kalman filter algorithm is used for training. A causality index is discussed …

Two-Element Dielectric Antenna Serially Excited By Optical Wavelength Multiplexing, Everett E. Crisman, John S. Derov, P. H. Carr, S. D. Mittleman, D. D. W. Liu

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

A single pulsed laser beam containing multiple wavelengths (wavelength multiplexing) is employed to activate two semiconductor antennas in series. The dielectric nature of the semiconductors permits serial cascading of the antenna elements. Recently observed nonlinear characteristics of the radiated field as a function of the free carrier accelerating (bias) voltage are used to minimize the small interactions between elements. We demonstrate that the temporal electromagnetic radiation distribution of two serial antennas is sensitive to the three-dimensional pattern of the optical excitation source. One can, in turn, vary this distribution continuously by optical means to reconfigure the array.

Emerald: A Low Cost Spacecraft Mission For Validating Formation Flying Technologies, Robert J. Twiggs, Jonathan How, Freddy Pranajaya, Bryan Palmintier

Robert "Bob" Twiggs STEM Education Collection

A PowerPoint Presentation created by Professor Bob Twiggs, Robert Twiggs, Jonathon How, Freddy Pranajaya, and Bryan Palmintier titled "EMERALD: A Low Cost Spacecraft Mission for Validating Formation Flying Technologies" from 1999.

Value-Based Product Structure Evaluation For Disassembly, Shivakumar Viswanathan, Venkat Allada

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Designing for the ease of end of life (EOL) disassembly is an important design function. The product structure that is the spatial relationships between the parts of the product and the value distribution over them plays an important role in determining the ease and profitability of disassembly. This paper presents a conceptual methodology to determine the effect of the spatial precedence on the desired value precedence of the product. The methodology introduces a digraph called the bureau graph to model this relationship between the spatial and value precedence structures. Based on this modeling indices are derived that provide a holistic …

Management Of Change In The Irish Construction Industry, Louis Gunnigan

Masters

Ireland is changing and this change is nowhere more apparent than in the rapidly growing construction industry. The industry is being forced to change at an unprecedented pace. This thesis sets out to develop a framework on which construction organisations can approach and manage change.

It examines the issues that will cause change, reviews the available literature to find how change can be managed and controlled, and develops a model for guiding change programmes in the construction industry. The model is tested against three case studies, the first two of which are concerned with finding increases in efficiency and demonstrating …

Model Updating By Adding Known Masses And Stiffnesses, Philip D. Cha, Lisette G. De Pillis

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

New approaches are developed to update the analytical mass and stiffness matrices of a system. By adding known masses to the structure of interest, measuring the modes of vibration of this mass-modified system, and finally using this set of new data in conjunction with the initial modal survey, the mass matrix of the structure can be corrected. A similar approach can also be used to update the stiffness matrix of the system by attaching known stiffnesses. Manipulating the mass and stiffness correction matrices into vector forms, the connectivity information can be enforced, thereby preserving the physical configuration of the system, …

The First Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Test In Louisiana: Development And Findings, J.B. Metcalf, Stefan Romanoschi, Y. Li, M. Rasoulian

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

The Pavement Research Facility in Port Allen, Louisiana houses the first full-scale accelerated pavement testing experiment in the state. The purpose of the first experiment was to evaluate the historically prevalent flexible crushed stone and in-place soil cement stabilized base construction in comparison to several alternative base construction materials and construction processes for pavements designed for a semi-tropical climate. Loading is provided by an Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) machine, the second of its type in the United States. More than six million equivalent axle loads (ESALs) were applied to the nine test lanes. Performance of the pavement structures and materials …