Engineering Commons^™

Grouting In Consideration Of Predominant Direction Of Joints In Rock Masses, Masaki Kawasaki, Hitoshi Yoshida, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

We conducted a grouting test in rock mass having steep joints with predominant direction, assuming blanket grouting for embankment dams. Vertical holes and inclined holes designed in consideration of the predominant direction of the joints were used as grouting holes, and the hole spacing was determined such that the number of grouting holes per unit area on a joint was the same for both cases. As a result, both tests saw a similar improvement despite the fact that the test using inclined holes had wider hole spacing than the test using vertical holes on the ground surface. We can also …

Natural Slope Failure On Weathered Andesitic Breccia In Samigaluh Area, Indonesia, Dwikorita Karnawati

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Six events of landslides occurred simultaneously on weathered Andesitic Breccia in Samigaluh Area, following the heavy rainfall. Field investigation, laboratory works and slope stability analysis were carried out to assess the mechanism of the failures, their controlling factor and identify the triggering rainfall characteristics. It was found that the rainfall was the key factor inducing the failure. However, further investigation which incorporates slope hydrodynamic numerical modeling is still required, in order to find the triggering rainfall characteristics. In addition, the role of slope inclination was less significant than the soil and vegetation types covering the slopes. Finally, the landslide susceptibility …

Study Of Ground Movement In A Mining Area, Anton Chirica, Andrei Olteanu, Rolland Mlenajek, Cristian Banciu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The inhabitants of a village situated in the southern side of Romania have sued juridical action the local mining company considering that the coal quarry and the new sterile dump situated near up the locality, are the main cause of the civil buildings damages. In order to establish the true causes of damages occurred in the village area a number of 129 buildings has been monitorised and 19 geotechnical drillings were dug surveying the ground structure. Inclinometric tests have been performed for one year in 15 boreholes spread on several profiles. A global stability analysis was performed as well. Our …

Sinkholes In Earth Dam Kota Barrage [India], Narendra Kumar, V. K. Talwar, R. K. Pal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Kota Barrage is the lowermost hydraulic structure amongst the series of four dams built across the river Chambal, a tributary of the river Yamuna in the Ganga Basin. It is situated near the Kota City, Rajasthan in India and is in operation since November, 1960 with an irrigation potential of 679 thousand ha in two adjoining states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It comprises of a composite structure consisting of a 268.2m long earth and rockfill dam and a 304.8m long masonry spillway, the total length being 573.0m The earth/rockfill dam abuts in the right against a hillock over which …

Predictions Of Vertically Vibrating Foundation Response With Modified Radiation Damping, Shamsher Prakash, Y. Tseng

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A simple solution technique for evaluating the response of a surface or embedded foundation under vertical vibrations in a homogeneous soil has been developed. The effects of soil nonlinearity on shear modulus and material damping, frequency on stiffness and radiation damping, and embedment of foundation on stiffness and radiation damping have been considered. A computer program has been developed based on the Elastic Half Space (EHS) analog technique (Lysmer and Richart, 1966), to compute the response amplitude of both surface and embedded footings. The computed response has been verified by comparing it with measured data from Novak (1970). The predicted …

Authors' Addresses, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Paper Review Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Steering Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Past Proceedings: Third International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1993), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

From The Past To The Future Of Landfill Engineering Through Case Histories, R. Kerry Rowe

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The advances in landfill engineering are outlined based on a number of case histories illustrating past problems, hydraulic performance of clay liners, diffusive transport through liners, hydraulic containment and clogging of leachate collection systems. The importance of conventional geotechnical considerations (e.g. stability) will also be highlighted with reference to a number of cases. Finally, the recent advances in landfill operations are illustrated with respect to a modern landfill. It is concluded that, provided all key failure mechanisms are considered in the design, construction and operation of the facility, modern landfills should provide environmental protection both today and well into the …

Rigid And Flexible Retaining Walls During Kobe Earthquake, Susumu Lai

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An overview is presented on seismic performance of rigid and flexible retaining walls based on case histories during earthquakes, notably from the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Three critical issues are discussed out of these case histories: (l) If the effects of an earthquake motion are approximated in terms of a pseudo-static inertia force using the Mononobe-Okabe equation, the equivalent seismic coefficient for evaluating gross stability of retaining walls should be less than 100 %, about 60 % on average, of a peak ground acceleration specified as a fraction of gravity (a_max/g); (2) Liquefaction or excess pore water pressure increase …

Barrettes Designed As Friction Foundations: A Case History, Chu-Eu Ho, Ching-Heng Lim

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the performance of a fully instrumented test barrette subjected to an ultimate loading of 30932 kN. The load transfer characteristics were measured by vibrating wire strain gauges. Rod extensometers recorded the displacements at several locations along the barrette shaft. Test results indicated that substantial loads were carried in shaft resistance. The end bearing component was reduced by poor toe conditions caused by debris accumulation at the trench base. The load - displacement behaviour and factor of safety in barrette foundation design LS discussed. The toad test results of a subsequent working barrette confirmed that the performance of …

Behavior Of The Underpinning Of A Building In Venice, F. Colleselli, G. Cortellazzo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper examines the behavior of a building constructed in 1960 and subject ever since the end of its construction to considerable total and differential settlements in time. Monitoring of the building revealed an increase in the settlement rate during the first years of the 1990s, such as to require underpinning with micropiles in 1992. In the first part of the paper, the evolution of settlements until the beginning of the restoration is analyzed, and real and anticipated behaviors are compared. In the second part, the behavior of the building during and after micropile underpinning is explained. Back-analysis was carried …

Calculated And Observed Settlements Of Multistory Building Founded On Loess, Sasha D. Milovic, Zuhtu S. Ozden, George S. W. Chow

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

ln the Paper are presented the results of laboratory and field tests which were carried out on loess soil in Belgrade In order to determine the type of the foundation for the 13-storey building a preliminary investigation was made. In this phase of investigation exploratory borings and sampling were performed in a standard way. On the basis of the available laboratory and field test results it was concluded that the soil was made of macro porous land loess 14-20 m in thickness. lt was found that the loess on this location had the dry density varying between the limits γd …

Case History Of Two Building Experience Large Post Construction Settlements - Wilmington, Delaware, R. David Charles

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper discusses a case history involving two buildings which were constructed over compressible soils at a site along the Christina River in Wilmington, Delaware. The buildings, which were constructed in 1987, have undergone significant settlement of both shallow and deep foundation elements. As of early 1995, some of the pile foundations for one of the buildings were observed to have settled as much as 8 inches, while portions of the floor slab were observed to have settled as much as 9-112 inches since the completion of construction. As a result of these large settlements, the owner retained the author's …

Design, Construction And Behavior Of Bored Cast In-Situ Concrete Piles In Bangkok Sub Soil, Narong Thasnanipan, Wanchai Teparaksa, Aung Win Maung, Ganeshan Baskaran

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper briefs design considerations, construction methods and materials, static load test results and pile integrity test results of the cast in-situ bored piles constructed as foundation elements for a wastewater treatment plant. The treatment plant is located in Bangkok, capital of the Kingdom of Thailand and is to serve about 195,000 inhabitants of the city. A total of 402 piles, 296 nos. of 1500 mm diameter and 96 nos. of 1000 mm diameter, were designed to carry the whole structural load of the treatment plant. Maximum working load on individual piles was designed to be 1000 tons and 500 …

Foundations Performance Of Large Diameter Tanks, J. L. M. Clemente, A. Desai, H. Senapathy, L. W. Young Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents a detailed case history of foundation performance of six 60-m diameter, 15-m high, floating roof fuel oil tanks and six 96.8-m diameter, 20-m high, fixed roof process water tanks built for a large power plant. Tank walls were supported by concrete ringwall footings. General subsurface conditions at the site are discussed, along with proposed site grading and the rationale for tank foundation selection. Because vibro-replacement improvement of site soils had been used beneath settlement-sensitive structures, there was skepticism regarding the decision to support the tanks on unimproved soils. To allay doubts about the adequacy of tank foundation …

Ground Modifications By A Combination Of Dynamic Compaction, Consolidation, And Replacement, Jie Han

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Modification of weak soils can be accomplished by dropping a heavy weight onto a ground surface. The mechanisms for improving the ground by this technology can be described as dynamic compaction, dynamic consolidation, or dynamic replacement. The importance of each mechanism at one site is dependent on soil conditions, impact energy, weight dimensions, etc. A case study presented herein demonstrates how each mechanism affects the treatment effectiveness of this technology. The selected site has a mix of cohesive and cohesionless soil layers. A pilot study was conducted before the construction program for the whole site. Evaluation of the treated ground …

Load Tests On Drilled Shafts For Highway Bridges, Raghu N. Dass, Vijay K. Puri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Most of the highway bridges arc supported on deep foundations. Safe and economical design and construction of deep foundations requires the use of rational procedures to determine the load capacity of the foundation. A static load test may be conducted to measure the response of a pile under applied load. Conventional static tests include axial compressive, axial tensile and lateral load testing. The purpose and advantages of load testing are explained in the light of large-scale construction of deep foundations for highways for the new millennia. This paper presents a case history of load tests on high capacity drilled shafts. …

Osterberg Load Cell Testing Of A Deep Reinforced Concrete Pile, Martin B. Hudson, Marshall Lew, Brian D. Skyers

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A pedestrian bridge was constructed between two portions of a hospital in Southern California. Potentially liquefiable soils were present to a depth of about 72 feet below the ground surface. Because of the liquefiable soils, the bridge was to be supported on 30- inch-diameter cast-in-place piles drilled to a depth of approximately 90 feet below the ground surface. A test pile was constructed to confirm the soil capacities for the bridge. An Osterberg Load cell (O-cell) was placed near the middle of the test pile, and the downward load capacities of the deeper soils (below the elevation of potentially liquefiable …

Performance Of Bored Cast-In-Situ R.C.C. Piles In Bangladesh, Md. Nurul Amin, Sabina Shanaz

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The major part of Bangladesh is formed of young fluvio-deltaic sedimentary deposits, laid down by the mighty rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra. There are some older deposits in the hilly regions and Pleistocene terraces. The young fluvio-dcltaic deposits are composed of unconsolidated sediments, where the upper strata are very soft. The water table remains near to the surface throughout the year. As such construction of deep foundations has become essential for tall buildings, bridges and hydraulic structures. Bored Cast-in-Situ reinforced concrete pile is widely adopted as deep foundations. It is cost effective, time saving and the equipment and technology are readily …

Soil Improvement For Storage Tank Foundations, P. C. Sudarshan, Y. C. Chen, J. Lin, C. F. Chen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Three 30,000m³ storage tanks are located at a hydraulic-filled reclamation site and close to an earthquake active area in Taiwan. In order to reduce the risk of liquefaction in loose silty sand of foundations, the soil improvement methods of both dynamic compaction and vibro-replacement stone column are applied. One storage tank foundation was improved using vibro-replacement stone column approach only, and the treatment pattern consisted of stone columns on a triangular grid arrangement with three spacing patterns. A combination of the dynamic compaction and vibro-replacemenr stone column technique was utilized on foundations of the others. The dynamic compaction was …

Arresting The Moving Slopes Of Andamans − A Case Study 2.51l, Shri Pal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Some cases of soil erosion, slope instability, mass movement of soil and damage to structures were observed in Navy and Coast Guard Area of Port Blair. Field and laboratory tests in the area were carried out which revealed that the area is unstable and prone to landslides. Main causes of instability are soil characteristics and poor subsoil drainage conditions. Some preventive measures, in the past were taken which have achieved limited success. Additional solutions based on latest technology and construction materials are suggested which shall be economical and eco-friendly.

The Behaviour Of Two Trial Embankments At Perlis, Malaysia With Different Rates Of Construction, A. N. Hussein, A. Mcgown

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two trial embankments namely the North and South trial embankments were constructed in the state of Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia. The embankments have a finished height of 4m and dimensions of 60m in width and 90m in length and wen; constructed side by side. The trial embankments were staged constructed with a counterberm at 2m and side slopes of 2:3. The South trial embankment was rapidly constructed in 36 days while the North embankment was slowly constructed in about one year. Detailed site investigation works included borehole logging, field and laboratory testing. These were carried out to obtain the subsoil profile …

Case Study On Landslide Investigations In Himalayas, D. V. Singh, Jai Bhagwan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The great Himalayan mountains are a majestic cluster of several, more or less parallel, hill ranges intervened by numerous vallies and extended plateaus. At the two ends of Himalayan ranges, other mountain ranges converge. Burmese ranges are in the Eastern and Karakoram-Hidkush mountain ranges in the North-Wester end. The individual hill ranges generally present a steep slope towards the plains of India and are more gently inclined towards the north. There are large variations in the geological features of different areas, however, the common phenomena in the landslides occurrence is that they are generally induced by rainfall. In this paper …

Effect Of Smear Due To Vertical Drains On The Behaviour Of Two Embankments Constructed On Soft Clays, B. Indraratna, I. W. Redana

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the methodology to include the effect of smear in the prediction of settlements beneath two embankments stabilized with vertical drains. The extent of smearing around the drains was studied using a detailed analytical formulation developed by the authors and used in conjunction with the finite clement code, CRISP. The smear zone propagation around vertical drains was studied in the laboratory using a large radial drainage consolidometer. The case histories selected in this study include (a) embankment stabilized with vertical sand drains at a Naval Dockyard, Thailand, and (b) embankment stabilized with vertical band drains in soft Muar …

The Performance Of Turlough Hill Upper Reservoir, Michael Long, John Godden

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The upper reservoir of the Turlough Hill pumped storage station was commissioned by the Irish Electricity Supply Board in 1974. This upper reservoir comprises a rockfill embankment within which there is a useful capacity of 2.3 million cubic metres. It was constructed in difficult conditions on a very isolated and exposed site at the top of a mountain, using rockfill derived from the local granitic bedrock. The reservoir is lined with asphaltic concrete.

The paper describes briefly the design and construction of the embankment. It then summarises the results of monitoring and inspecting, with particular emphasis on movement, seepage and …

Pile Design Procedure For Stabilizing Channel Slopes, Richard L. Bateman, Francke C. Walberg

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history is presented for slope stabilization of channels using piles. The Kansas City District, Corps of Engineers has used various pile designs and types of piles for projects along the Blue River Channel in Kansas City Missouri to stabilize sections of unstable channel slopes in previous slide areas, since June of 1986. Low existing soil shear strengths and limited rights-of-way precluded use of more conventional stabilizing methods. Although a pile analysis method had been used for initial projects, with several piles instrumented with slope indicator devices, an improved analysis method was needed. In July of 1994, through a …

Remediation Of River Des Peres Slope Failure − A Case History, Khaldoun Fahoum, Philip A. Jozwiak

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the remediation of a 300-foot long slope failure on the north bank of River Des Peres along Ellendale Avenue near the intersection with Wellington Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri. The slope failure threatened the cast bound driving lane of Ellendale Avenue and a 24-inch high pressure gas line under a concrete swale along the south shoulder, and damaged the concrete channel side and bottom lining and a foulwater interceptor sewer in the River Des Peres channel. The failure occurred within a soil stratum that consists of soft to very soft, gray silt, clayey silt, silty clay and …