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1998

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Articles 661 - 690 of 1354

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Tunnex: An Experiment System For Tunneling Through Rock, Massoud Palassi, John A. Franklin Mar 1998

Tunnex: An Experiment System For Tunneling Through Rock, Massoud Palassi, John A. Franklin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The expert system Tunnex provides an interactive consultation on the excavation of tunnels through rock. As a first step it examines the interdependence between rock quality, unsupported span and stand time of the excavation (the “O-S-T” relationship) to determine the likely overall behavior of tunnels of different diameters, the time available for installation of supports, and the optimum choice of tunnel diameter, single or twin tunnels when such choice is available. Stand-time considerations also guide decisions on the deed or otherwise for a pilot heading or staged excavation. Tunnex guides the user in forecasting primary and secondary support requirements and …

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Tunneling In Squeezing Ground, J. C. Chern, C. W. Yu, H. C. Kao Mar 1998

Tunneling In Squeezing Ground, J. C. Chern, C. W. Yu, H. C. Kao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A criterion for identifying the squeezing potential of tunnel is proposed. Tunneling conditions, classified as slightly or non-squeezing, moderately squeezing and highly squeezing, were identified by relating the strength-stress (σcm/Po ) ratio to the development of plastic zone extent and the amount of tunnel closure. Actual case histories of tunneling in Taiwan show that this criterion predicts the tunnel performance quite well. This enables the identification of tunneling conditions expected which require special considerations in support design and excavation-support procedures.

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A Case History Of Ground Treatment For A Power Station In China, Xiaohong Bai, Jungang Jia, Qiuxue Yang Mar 1998

A Case History Of Ground Treatment For A Power Station In China, Xiaohong Bai, Jungang Jia, Qiuxue Yang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a case history of ground treatment for a large power station - Zhang Ze Power Station, which locates in the south-east region in Shanxi, P. R. China. In the second phase of this project, a comprehensive treatment program including pile foundation, dynamic consolidation, and natural foundation has been used successfully according to significance of structure, conditions of loading, characters of technology, and so on. After 6 years working, the Station operates normally, and settlements of structures distribute well, proving the program is reasonable, workable, and economic. It is suggested that the choice of foundation treatment in a …

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Composite Ground Modification System: Vibroreplacement And Dynamic Compaction, Salt Lake County Detention Center, Utah, Roberto A. López, Mathew J. Francis, Kyle M. Rollins, Scott W. Davis, Zoran Batchko Mar 1998

Composite Ground Modification System: Vibroreplacement And Dynamic Compaction, Salt Lake County Detention Center, Utah, Roberto A. López, Mathew J. Francis, Kyle M. Rollins, Scott W. Davis, Zoran Batchko

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The site for a new Adult Detention Center currently under construction in Salt Lake City, Utah, is underlain by loose sands and soft clayey lake deposits. Due to bearing capacity, static settlement, and liquefaction concerns, a hybrid ground improvement program consisting of both dynamic compaction and vibroreplacement was implemented. Stone columns were concentrated under spread and wall footings; dynamic compaction was performed over the whole site. A comprehensive quality assurance/ quality control program was executed, with a significant number of cone penetration tests, standard penetration tests, 10 plate load tests, and deceleration readings taken with an accelerometer mounted on the …

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Construction Of Inchon International Airport, Eun Chul Shin, Bang-Woong Shin Mar 1998

Construction Of Inchon International Airport, Eun Chul Shin, Bang-Woong Shin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

To face with the increasing the air transportation in Korea, the construction of Inchon International Airport is underway in the bay of Inchon on the reclaimed land. The construction project has begun since the end of 1992, and will be completed by the end of year 2000. This paper presents the general plan of project, site development, soil improvement work, transportation system, and construction budget and fund.

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Ground Improvement At The Queensway Bay Downtown Harbor, Long Beach, California, Suji Somasundaram, Gamini Weeratunga, Kris Khilnani Mar 1998

Ground Improvement At The Queensway Bay Downtown Harbor, Long Beach, California, Suji Somasundaram, Gamini Weeratunga, Kris Khilnani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vibro-replacement with stone columns was selected as the optimum ground improvement solution to mitigate liquefaction potential, provide seismic stability, and provide adequate structure foundation support for a proposed harbor/marina development at an oceanfront site. The site is underlain by up to 27 meters of soft/loose hydraulic fills and seafloor sediments. An 18-meter wide ground improvement zone straddling the proposed 600-meter long bulkhead wall alignment was designed to create a non-liquefiable barrier that would prevent flow failures towards the lagoon, limit seismically induced deformations to acceptable levels, and allow the wall to be supported on shallow footings. The construction of a …

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Grouting Evaluation Program Of The Best Methods For Use Of Microfine And Portland Cements During Treatment Of The Rock Foundation At The Portugues Dam, John Conway, Tom Novak Mar 1998

Grouting Evaluation Program Of The Best Methods For Use Of Microfine And Portland Cements During Treatment Of The Rock Foundation At The Portugues Dam, John Conway, Tom Novak

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, recently completed a grouting program in Ponce, Puerto Rico, for the Portugués Dam. The program compared microfine cement to Portland cement and helped determine the most efficient and economical method to construct the grout curtain. The foundation rock consists of volcanic sediments. A diorite stock upstream of the site altered the volcanic sediments by low grade metamorphism to metasediments, cause numerous radiating dikes and shears and a highly fractured foundation. Most of the fractures are relatively tight or healed. A bore hole video camera recorded in-situ fracture frequency, orientation and aperture thickness …

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Guidelines For Sealing Geotechnical Exploratory Holes, Cameran Mirza, Robert K. Barrett Mar 1998

Guidelines For Sealing Geotechnical Exploratory Holes, Cameran Mirza, Robert K. Barrett

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A three year research project was sponsored by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in 1991 to determine the best materials and methods for sealing small diameter geotechnical exploratory holes. A key requirement of the research project was to verity the effectiveness of the in-place seals. Seal verification studies were conducted at two sites, one in the USA and one in Canada. Seals consisting of various bentonite products and Portland cement were installed and allowed to age. Periodic in situ hydraulic conductivity tests were performed at the Canadian site. Seal exhumation studies were conducted at the USA site. Upon completion of …

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Investigation Of Landslides Affecting A Romanian Railway, Ion Stanculescu, Florian Braniste, Ion Borsaru Mar 1998

Investigation Of Landslides Affecting A Romanian Railway, Ion Stanculescu, Florian Braniste, Ion Borsaru

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The study of the landslides that occurred on the hillside between Covurlui plateau and Brates Lake is presented, together with geotechnical investigations performed in order to establish the trigger mechanism of the registered cyclical instability phenomena. Laboratory test results showing the peculiarities of the clay strata, mineralogical, physical, and mechanical properties are discussed, and stability analysis results are commented, in order to substantiate the proposed consolidation measures.

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Lime Slurry Injection, Lime Piles And Stone Columns For Improvement Of Soft Soils − Field Trials, A. K. Gupta, Satish Kumar, D. S. Tolia Mar 1998

Lime Slurry Injection, Lime Piles And Stone Columns For Improvement Of Soft Soils − Field Trials, A. K. Gupta, Satish Kumar, D. S. Tolia

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Scarcity of good land available for construction has resulted in development of a number of techniques for improvement of ground. If properly treated, most soils can be made into useful construction materials. Two case histories arc presented utilizing two different kinds of ground improvement techniques. Field scale trials are conducted to reinforce deep deposit of soft marine clay with stone columns and a road embankment made with black cotton soil modified with lime columns and pressure injection of lime slurry. Both techniques resulted in significant improvement in strength and settlement characteristics.

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Observations On Landslide Incidences In Himalayas In Kashmir Area, A. K. Gupta, Jai Bhagwan, B. C. Joshi Mar 1998

Observations On Landslide Incidences In Himalayas In Kashmir Area, A. K. Gupta, Jai Bhagwan, B. C. Joshi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Himalayas have been found to experience the highest frequency of landslide incidences, thereby, causing loss of life and property. The rocks of Himalaya are repeatedly deformed and are affected by the periodic reactivation of deepseated faults. The experiences in the area of landslide investigations reveal that these lineaments are characterised by the frequent occurrence of landslides. Recently, studies have been carried out on a number of landslides falling between Murree and Panjal thrust along the Karole-Kastigarh road in Ram ban area of Jammu & Kashmir. This paper is intended to present the salient features of some of these landslide …

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Protection Of Kamorta Island From Coastal Erosion − A Case Study, Shri Pal Mar 1998

Protection Of Kamorta Island From Coastal Erosion − A Case Study, Shri Pal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Soil erosion from steep banks of Kamorta Island due to rain and strong sea waves caused serious damages to slopes and threatened the safety of Helipad and Naval buildings on the Island. Two types of protective works were adopted in the area to stabilize the slopes and protect them from erosion. The adequacy of design, construction, performance and economy of these protective works are discussed in this paper. It is concluded that reinforced soil walls are more economical, easier in construction and more eco-friendly in remote islands as compared to conventional type of construction.

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Red Onion Mountain Maximum Security Prison − A Case Study In Ground Improvement, Steven J. Winter, Victor Omelchenko Mar 1998

Red Onion Mountain Maximum Security Prison − A Case Study In Ground Improvement, Steven J. Winter, Victor Omelchenko

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Red Onion Mountain project involved the construction of a high security prison facility in a remote area of southwest Virginia. The site of the proposed construction was covered with a thick layer of uncontrolled mine spoil fill material containing a random matrix of soil and boulders. This material was unsuitable for the proposed construction in its existing condition. Charged with evaluating feasible and cost effective alternatives for site development and structural support, the project's geotechnical engineers devised a two-phase ground improvement plan designed to adequately improve the existing mine spoil fill. Full-time observation, documentation and testing during the site …

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Soil And Site Improvements Of The Marsh Soils In Puerto De Santa María Highway (Cádiz, Spain), Carlos S. Oteo, José M. Delgado, Germán Burbano, Luis M. Sopeña Mar 1998

Soil And Site Improvements Of The Marsh Soils In Puerto De Santa María Highway (Cádiz, Spain), Carlos S. Oteo, José M. Delgado, Germán Burbano, Luis M. Sopeña

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Puerto de Santa Maria and Puerto Real news highways are 17.4 kms. long, of which about 9 kms. run through a marshland area. The soft soil surveys involved piezocone reconnaissances and the construction of 3 experimental embankments. The embankments rest on ground improved with vertical drains for heights between 2.5 and 4.0 m., and with gravel columns for heights between 4.0 and 9.0 m. Expanded polystyrene was also used, for the first time in Spain, as a light fill in the embankments providing access to one of the bridges. The foundations for the 9 bridges located in the marshland …

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Soil Improvement In Flood Plain Of The Mississippi River Using Pre-Load Fill, Mike Alizadeh, Sanjeev Kumar Mar 1998

Soil Improvement In Flood Plain Of The Mississippi River Using Pre-Load Fill, Mike Alizadeh, Sanjeev Kumar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The pre-load method of improvement of in-situ, fine grained soils, is frequently used in practice particularly in flood plain environments. A case history is presented in which the same method was used to induce expected settlements in the existing soils before the start of construction. Total settlements and rate of settlement were monitored at two sites for a project in Jefferson County, Missouri. The results presented show that total settlements predicted using one dimensional consolidation theory are in reasonable agreement with the measured settlements in field. The results also show that in a flood-plain environment having compressible layer consisting of …

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Treatment Of Soft Soils By Dynamic Compaction, Kejing Chen, Huishan Liu, Robert Lo Mar 1998

Treatment Of Soft Soils By Dynamic Compaction, Kejing Chen, Huishan Liu, Robert Lo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper reports a case study on treatment of soft days by dynamic compaction. A special technique adopted in this project allowed massive stiff columns to be formed under the impact locations, and the soils between these impact locations to be replaced and mixed with granular fills, hence creating a composite foundation. The comprehensive field investigation showed that the allowable bearing capacity of the treated ground (as a composite foundation) was 350 kPa, a significant increase compared with that of untreated ground (70 kPa). The achieved stiffness modulus of the composite foundation was 24 MPa.

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Use Of Jet Grouting Method For Elimination Of Suffusional Destructions Of Sand Backfilling Of Sheet Pile Wharf, I. I. Broid, G. V. Melnik Mar 1998

Use Of Jet Grouting Method For Elimination Of Suffusional Destructions Of Sand Backfilling Of Sheet Pile Wharf, I. I. Broid, G. V. Melnik

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

At the sheet wharf of Chazan port the large suffusional caverns and areas of loosy soil had been formed in sand backfilling. For elimination of them the jet grouting method had used for the first time. H was succeeded to execute the contrsuffusional curtain of complex configuration, to discover and eliminate all suffusional caverns, areas of loosy soil and openings in the sheet pile wall with help of the mentioned method. It was developed new the jet grouting monitoring method, which allows to determine the caverns of big sizes and areas of loosy soil outlines and them locations. The jet …

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An Investigation Into The Causes Of Building Cracks On The Rear Scarp Of A Major Landslip, V. S. Hope, C. R. I. Clayton, M. C. Matthews Mar 1998

An Investigation Into The Causes Of Building Cracks On The Rear Scarp Of A Major Landslip, V. S. Hope, C. R. I. Clayton, M. C. Matthews

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper concerns a building constructed on the rear scarp of a major lands lip in the London Clay. Since its construction, the structure has shown significant cracking which has worsened with time. The paper describes how, using a systematic process of observation and interpretation, the principal cause of cracking was eventually identified. This case history is of value to engineers as a cautionary tale in which the most obvious answer is not necessarily the correct one.

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Is It A Sinkhole?, Wayne A. Ericson, Ted J. Smith Mar 1998

Is It A Sinkhole?, Wayne A. Ericson, Ted J. Smith

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Claims for sinkhole damages have increased significantly since the passage of legislation in 1969 requiring Florida insurance companies to provide sinkhole coverage for residential properties. At many sites, there is little surficial evidence of karst activity (i.e. Areas of subsidence and depressions) to provide a direct link between a suspected sinkhole and damage to the structure. Whatever the cause of the damage, sinkhole damage investigations are becoming increasingly important. The karstic terrain and limestone bedrock typical of west-central and central Florida make the area susceptible to sinkhole activity. However, the geologic setting and potential impacts to structures is complicated by …

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It's Not What You Pay; It's What It Costs You. A Geotechnical Engineering Case Study, J. Richard Cheeks Mar 1998

It's Not What You Pay; It's What It Costs You. A Geotechnical Engineering Case Study, J. Richard Cheeks

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The project consists of a middle school constructed on a previously undeveloped site. Site development required leveling a mountain ridge and perimeter tills up to 150 feet deep to create the relatively level 15 acre building site. Access to the site required a 1000 foot long side hill road from the adjacent main highway. Neither the owner nor the design team obtained geotechnical investigations of the site. As a result, they failed to consider the impact of the geologic setting on seepage, ground water flow, and slope stability. Near the end of construction, slope instabilities occurred in a cut section …

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Sinkhole Dropouts Due To Underground Utility Installation On Construction Sites, Matthew A. Dettman Mar 1998

Sinkhole Dropouts Due To Underground Utility Installation On Construction Sites, Matthew A. Dettman

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The karst geologic setting of south-central Kentucky presents many challenges to engineers and construction firms. Karst areas are characterized by numerous sinkholes and subsurface drainage systems that can include caves, regolith arches, and highly irregular bedrock surfaces. The increased commercial and residential development in south central Kentucky, particularly Bowling Green which is in Warren County, has created an increased interest in the existence and location of these unmapped karst features, particularly regolith arches. Regolith arches arc formed by the downward movement affine-grained soils as a result of water infiltration from the ground surface into subsurface drainage systems. The reason for …

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Experimental Approach Embankments At Salt Fork River Bridges On Us 177 And Their Initial Performance, John M. Benson, Donald R. Snethen Mar 1998

Experimental Approach Embankments At Salt Fork River Bridges On Us 177 And Their Initial Performance, John M. Benson, Donald R. Snethen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents preliminary findings based on the initial performance evaluation of five approach embankments used in a bridge replacement project over the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River on US Highway 177 in Noble and Kay Counties, Oklahoma. The research involved instrumentation and measurement of four experimental approach embankments and one control approach embankment, all with similar dimensions. Instrumentation inc1uded total pressure cells to measure lateral earth pressure against the abutment wall, inclinometer casings to measure lateral movement of the backfill material and abutment walls, telescoping couplings on the inclinometer casings to measure settlement of the backfill and foundation, …

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Failure Of A Pipeline In An 800-Year Old Debris Fill, D. G. Anderson, C. C. Sundberg, R. J. Robertson Mar 1998

Failure Of A Pipeline In An 800-Year Old Debris Fill, D. G. Anderson, C. C. Sundberg, R. J. Robertson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In June of 1994 a 20-m section of 1.4-m diameter, restrained-joint, ductile iron pipe failed during construction of a new section of water pipeline for the city of Cairo in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The failure occurred in an area where the pipe was supported on piles, and compacted silica sand was used as side support for the pipe. Soil above the crown of the failed section of pipe was 6 m or more in thickness. Results of a detailed review of the failure revealed that a number of unique and related factors apparently caused the failure. The most …

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A Municipal Landfill Cover With A Paper Sludge Barrier Layer, Carsten H. Floess, Warren A. Harris Iv, Horace K. Moo-Young Jr., Thomas F. Zimmie Mar 1998

A Municipal Landfill Cover With A Paper Sludge Barrier Layer, Carsten H. Floess, Warren A. Harris Iv, Horace K. Moo-Young Jr., Thomas F. Zimmie

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Corinth landfill closure project was the first in New York State to use paper sludge as alternative barrier layer material in a landfill cap. The use of paper mill sludge in the cap reduced cost relative to a conventional clay or geomembrane cap system. The beneficial reuse of the paper sludge also saved landfill space. To demonstrate the feasibility of using paper sludge as barrier layer material, extensive research was conducted to evaluate the physical properties of the sludge, primarily hydraulic conductivity. Centrifuge model tests were conducted to simulate infiltration through the cap over a 30 year period. Centrifuge …

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Stability Analysis Corresponding To A New Bridge Abutments, Anton Chirică, Mircea Galer Mar 1998

Stability Analysis Corresponding To A New Bridge Abutments, Anton Chirică, Mircea Galer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper refers to the foundation design of a bridge situated on active landslides in the under-carpathian zone, in the South - Eastern part of Romania. The design philosophy involves two possible sliding mass stabilisation measures: a). to develop retaining works on each brook's bank separately to the bridge foundations system; b). to design the foundations themselves so that they should be able to support the earth thrust induced by the banks instability. In order to choose the optimal solution, geological and geotechnical researches were performed. Finally, the solution of a discontinuous retaining structure located upstream the bridge abutments was …

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Steel Industry-Wastes As New Materials For Road Construction, Sudhir Mathur, Praveen Kumar, A. V. S. R. Murty Mar 1998

Steel Industry-Wastes As New Materials For Road Construction, Sudhir Mathur, Praveen Kumar, A. V. S. R. Murty

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large number of steel plants have been set up in India and they are producing several million tonnes of iron and steel. However, the production of iron and steel is always associated with the generation of waste materials like air cooled slag, steel slag, granulated slag and flyash etc. These materials are posing serious problems of disposal and causing environmental pollution. Road Construction is one such sector where these materials can be utilised in bulk. CRRI started a few projects sponsored by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), and all these materials were tested on a big scale in …

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Capping Of An Extremely Soft Neutralised Uranium Tailings − A Case History In Environmental Geomechanics, Y. Sheng, P. Peter, Y. Wei, A. R. Milnes Mar 1998

Capping Of An Extremely Soft Neutralised Uranium Tailings − A Case History In Environmental Geomechanics, Y. Sheng, P. Peter, Y. Wei, A. R. Milnes

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The environmental regulation for Ranger Uranium Mine, in the Northern Territory, Australia, requires the stored tailings (irrespective of where they are finally stored, whether in a tailings dam or in mined-out pits) be capped safely to minimise contamination, erosion and radon gas emission, and also to enable the site to be rehabilitated through revegetation. The hydraulically deposited neutralised tailings in the existing tailings dam have a ‘gel-like’ structure which hinders the consolidation process. Consequently, the in situ tailings have a high water content, low permeability and extremely low shear strength. The present paper describes the case history of a successful …

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The Environmental Remediation Of Clark Island − A Former Alliedsignal Inc. Site, Romeo Ciubotariu, Charles E. Schneeberger, Marie-Claude Wilson, William J. Hague Mar 1998

The Environmental Remediation Of Clark Island − A Former Alliedsignal Inc. Site, Romeo Ciubotariu, Charles E. Schneeberger, Marie-Claude Wilson, William J. Hague

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Clark Island is a 63 ha island located in Lake St-Francis, part of the St-Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. Since the early 40s the island has been used for the production of mineral acids by its fanner owner, Allied Chemicals Limited. Acidic wastes were placed over large portions of the island. The presence of these waste materials together with contaminated soils was identified as a potential threat to the nearby river water quality as well as to the underlying bedrock groundwater quality. A major remedial investigation and feasibility study was initiated in 1987. The approved scope of the remediation project included …

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A Particular Foundation Problem On A Waste Fill, F. Colleselli, M. Macoratti Mar 1998

A Particular Foundation Problem On A Waste Fill, F. Colleselli, M. Macoratti

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The construction of a new aerobic water treatment system for polluted water in the ENJCHEM chemical plant at Mantova (N. Italy), emphasized a particular foundation problem; the complete treatment system, covering a surface area of 12000 m2, lies on a zone once used as a waste fill, 4-6 m deep and composed of various materials from industrial processing, with highly variable origins and poor resistance characteristics. The main structures are: steel tanks with fixed roofs, and gauge and settling tanks, of 30 and 26 m diameter respectively, each containing a 15-m water head, reinforced concrete sediment thickeners and …

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Regulatory, Environmental And Geotechnical Solutions To Construction Of A Roadway Embankment Over A Landfill, Victor A. Modeer, Mary C. Lamie Mar 1998

Regulatory, Environmental And Geotechnical Solutions To Construction Of A Roadway Embankment Over A Landfill, Victor A. Modeer, Mary C. Lamie

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The new Illinois Route 143 alignment was constructed with the new Clark Bridge that crosses the Mississippi River in Alton, Illinois. The new bridge forced the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to cross the Alton Commons Landfill with a new alignment. Approximately 318 meters of embankment with fill heights ranging between 4.5 to 7.6 meters were constructed on top of the landfill. An Environmental Impairment Assessment, Preliminary Site Assessment (PSA), Phase II and Phase III investigations were completed in 1989 and 1990. Using "Brownfield" concepts, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) approved the alignment construction without having to remediate the …

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