Engineering Commons^™

Design Of An Effective And Timely Product Development Process For Medical Devices, Jean Benoit Almonor

Theses

Effective product development process is one of the most critical issues facing medical devices manufacturing today. There is a need to search for ways to improve or solve the cross organization and company boundaries to enhance the faster release of new medical products to the market. This thesis presents an integrated set of perspectives on the process of new product development of medical devices with dual goals of achieving marketing speed and meet customer satisfaction.

The Attribute Driven Specifications approach described in this thesis, is one of the most valuable tools in the approach to effective product development in medical …

Mathematical Model Of Human Sit-To-Stand And Stand-To-Sit Motion Analysis, Jayeshkumar Gandhi

Theses

In designing a device for an amputee, it is important to find those underlying principles which determine the normal human sit-to-stand task. For this purpose we have developed a mathematical model of human sit-to-stand movement, which it is possible to predict the minimum mechanical energy consumption to move from the sit-to-stand position.

To the best of author's knowledge, this thesis represents the first time that the periodic motion of stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand movements have been mathematically modeled by a simple mechanical system. A complex model, such as the one used by Seireg and Arvikar (1973) [1] that contained 31 muscles …

Rheological Characterization Of Unmodified And Chemically Modified Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Resins, Jorge Quintans

Theses

Intrinsic viscosity (IV) has often been misused for estimating both melt viscosity and elasticity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). A rheological study was conducted to determine the variations between a virgin unmodified PET and a recycled and chemically modified PET, both having a reported nominal IV of 0.95.

The modified material had a larger melt viscosity (capillary and dynamic) than the virgin material (by an average of 61%). The extrudate swell, a better indicator of melt elasticity, of the modified was more than 110% greater than that of the unmodified material. Activation energies for melt viscosity and extrudate swell were found …

An Experimental Study On Removal Cadmium From Wastewater By Emulsion Liquid Membrane, Jing-Chi Shiu

Theses

Research was conducted on cadmium, a heavy metal pollutant, extraction out of wastewater by means of an emulsion liquid membrane system. The emulsion liquid membrane was made of a carrier (di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid), a surfactant (ECA 4360J), and a stripping agent (sulfuric acid). The effects of using the following parameters on the membrane to optimize the operating conditions were investigated: type of buffer solutions, initial external phase pH, initial cadmium concentration, internal sulfuric acid concentration, impeller stirring speed, carrier concentration, surfactant concentration, and selectivity between cadmium and sodium ion.

The best performance for the system presented in this thesis was: …

Investigation Of Pathophysiologic Trends In Caucasian And Afro-American Hypertensives By Means Of Heart Rate Variability Recording During Upright Tilt-Table Testing, Jose F. Torrealba

Theses

The incidence of hypertension is more prevalent among the Afro-American population than the Caucasians and there is not a satisfactory explanation for this discrepancy.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been demonstrated to reflect the relative activities of the sympathetic (SMP) and parasympathetic (PSMP) divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

This study consisted in comparing the HRV, as well as the blood pressure (BP) of four different groups during up-right tilt table testing. The subjects were grouped by age, gender, race and health condition. Analysis in time and frequency domain was applied to the data. In the frequency domain, the …

Petri Net Modeling And Performance Analysis Of Can Fieldbus, Ji-Qiong Zhou

Theses

The CAN FB (Controller Area Network FieldBus) has been in existence for ten years. It supports automated manufacturing and process control environments to interconnect intelligent devices such as valves, sensors, and actuators. CAN FieldBus has a high bit rate and the ability to detect errors. It is immune to noise and resistant to shock, vibration, and heat. Two recently introduced mechanisms, Distributed Priority Queue (DPQ) and Priority Promotion (PP) enable CAN FieldBus networks to share out the system bandwidth and grant ail upper bound on the transmission times so as to meet the requirements in real-time communications. Modeling and analysis …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Silicon Microlenses For Ir-Ccd Image Sensors, Dhiren Pattnaik

Theses

There is a growing trend in the study of Focal Plane Arrays(FPAs) of very small microlenses, used for a wide variety of imaging and sensing applications, to increase optical efficiency. Present day sensor technology might take a different direction altogether with the development of compact, high quality, high resolution imaging microlenses, which could make the fill factor >90%. A method to increase light sensitivity of Interline Transfer(IT) type image sensors is to position microlens FPAs on top of the image sensors. FPAs are structures of small lenses which focus the incoming light on the photo sensitive part of the image …

Radiative Properties Of Silicon, Anamika Patel

Theses

The objective of this thesis was 1) to study the radiative properties of silicon in the wavelength range of 1 to 20 microns and temperature range of 30 to 1000°C for the development of a multi-wavelength pyrometer 2) to develop a [sic] methodologies for deconvolution of the measured optical properties to yield fundamental optical constants of bulk materials. A novel spectral emissometer has been utilized for measurement of the temperature dependent radiative properties of silicon. The temperature determination capability of the emissometer was tested and verified using a standard thermocouple embedded in a silicon wafer. The temperature measurement accuracy, with …

Collaborative Filtering In Tv Recommender, Elizabeth Podberezniak

Theses

The thesis describes different types of collaborative filtering methods to filter information from the large amount available and presents examples of such systems in different domains. It focuses on automated collaborative filtering to generate personalized recommendation of information.

Different variations of the automated collaborative filtering scheme are developed and analyzed in the thesis. An additional adjustment of the predicted score is implemented in order to improve precision of the recommendation. Different combinations of parameters are analyzed to maximize system effectiveness.

The data for the analysis was gathered through TV Recommender, a World Wide Web system developed for the thesis. The …

Demanufacturing Metrics For Industrial Fasteners And Disassembly Process, Narendra P. Raj

Theses

As the society progresses towards ecological maturity, the issue of reducing the environmental burden imposed by used products becomes increasingly important Environmental issues are becoming increasingly relevant for product designers and manufacturers. Public awareness of the value and fragility of an intact ecology is constantly growing, and the traditional assumption that the cost of ecological burdens to be shared by a society, as a whole is no longer accepted. Environmental protection legislation requiring manufacturers to "take back" and recycle used products will be a commonplace throughout Europe and the U.S. in the near future.

Demanufacturing involves separating and disassembling a …

Quantitative Estimation Of Heparin Content On Biological Pericadium Tissue Using In Vitro Anti-Factor Xa Assay, Jean-Claude Simeon

Theses

Shelhigh Inc. (Millburn, NJ) has developed a new heparin binding technique to biological tissues. The technique seems to bind heparin to tissues in a more permanent fashion. Shelhigh's heparinized biological tissues are intended for use in long term implants. This investigation was undertaken to assess whether heparin leaching is prevalent when tissues are quarantine for long shelflife at room temperature, whether tissues maintained thromboresistance properties when in contact with plasma and to estimate heparin content of the tissues.

The study used anti-factor Xa assaying methods: clotting time and chromogenic factor Xa sensitive substrate in order to fulfill the aforementioned objectives. …

Electrochemical Preparation Of Rare Earth Functional Materials And Application Of Rare Earth To Electrochemistry, Qi-Qin Yang, Tong-Xiang Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

The new progress and related mechanism of the electrochemical preparation of rare earth materials (magnets, magnetooptic materials, battery materials, luminescent devices, semiconductors, superconductors) and the application of rare earth to the electrochemical areas (e.g. electroplating, corrosion, electrosynthses) have introduced.

Studies Of Surface Alloy As High Efficient Electrocatalyst For Glyoxylic Acid Synthesis, Sheng-Pei Chen, Sheng-Qing Xia, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

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In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study Of The Oxidation And Reduction Of Ag Electrode In Na2So4, Yan-Xia Chen, Kai-Qi Huang, Zhong-Qun Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

In-situ Raman spectroscopy combined with cyclic voltammogram measurements was used to investigate formation of oxygen species at Ag electrode surfaces during the oxidation and reduction process in 0.1 mol/L Na₂SO₄ solution. The time dependent Raman spectra show that at potentials positive of 0.2 V, adsorption of oxygen atom occurs, while at the potentials positive of 0.4 V, some oxygen atoms migrate into subsurface of the Ag electrode and the other form strongly bound oxygen on the surface through chemical bond. At the same potentials, part of the silver atoms are oxidized and form Ag₂SO_{4 …}

Influences Of Ptfe On Electrochemical Properties Of Foam-Type Ni(Oh)2 Electrodes, Zhen Zhou, Jie Yan, Xian-You Wang, Jin Lin, Hua-Tang Yuan, De-Ying Song, Yun-Shi Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Research work was performed for the influences of PTFE on the electrochemical properties of foam-type Ni(OH)₂ electrodes by constant current discharge. CV and EIS method. Experimental results exhibit that the existence of PTFE would decrease the reversibility of electrode reaction and increase the reaction resistance of the electrode; thus lower the discharge potential and capacity, so PTFE should be added as little as possible during the preparation of paste-type electrodes.

Study Of The Mechanisms Of The Electrochemical Reactions Of The Soluble Polyimides, Ying Zhu, Wei Xing, Hui Zhao, Gui-Zheng Shi, Yue-Sheng Li, Meng-Xian Ding, Hui Yang, Tian-Hong Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

For the first time, the electrochemical behaviors of the three soluble polyimides were studied in the organic and aqueous solutions. It was found that the electrochemical behaviors of PI in the organic solutions are significantly different from that in the aqueous solution. Using the IR spectroscopy and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation and combining the results of the electrochemical measurements, the mechanisms of the electrochemical reactions of polyimides were demonstrated.

A Novel Pt(Ir) Plated Stainless Steel Electrode, Jing-Ying Shi, Xiu-Feng Xiao, Ze-Shan Zhu, Xi Zheng, Yan-Zhen Chen, Wen-Yun Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel Pt(Ir) plated stainless steel electrode have been developed, to be applied underpotential deposition and anchor effect. The electrode is provided with the excellent electrochemical characteristic, lt is possible to use the matter as micro-sensor.

Study Of Charged Property On The Interface Of Porous Membrane Of Anodized Aluminum, Ya-Fei Kuang, Ling Wang, Fei Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Using electrodialytic method, the relation between the pH value of tested solution and the ζ potential of porous anodized aluminum membrane, which was separated by reverse electrolysis from aluminum substrate, has been investigated. The following results can be obtained in 1.0×10^-2 mol/L KCl solution: The pH_IEP (isoelectric potential) of the porous membrane is equal to 9.20. In the range of 2.00

Studies On The Transport Properties Of Zn2+ In The Zn/V2O5 Secondary Battery With Aqueous Medium, Jia-Hong Zhou, Kuan-Hong Xue, Gu-Ping Pan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The transport properties and the reaction mechanism of Zn²⁺ in the cathode material of Zn/V₂O₅ secondary battery with aqueous medium were studied by use of intermittent titration experiments and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The relations of some kinetic parameters to the discharge depth were discussed. The results of the experiments show that the cathodic discharge reaction is an intercalation process.

An Investigation On Galvanic Corrosion Behavior Of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy And Ti-6al-4v Alloy, Zhi-Jun Bai, Yin-Shun Wu, Tian-Cheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The combination of Co-Cr-Mo alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used as total hip prostheses. The objective of this work is to quantify the possibility of the acceleration of corrosion due to the galvanic effect. Electrochemical tests based on mixed potential and protection potential theories were used to study the galvanic corrosion behavior of coupling these alloys. The results indicated that the galvanic potential between two alloys always was in the passive potential zone of the isolated alloy respectively, and that the galvanic current of the couple is same as the corrosion current of isolated alloy under passive state. The …

Investigation Of Pb/Pb2+ And Polypyrrole Electrodes By Use Of Ac Electrochemical-Thermal Method, Ji-Hua Zhuang, Jie Zhang, Liang-Jun Dong, Hong Xie, Zhi-Yu Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The values of entropy change for Br^-/Br₂ and Pb/Pb²⁺ electrode reactions were measured by use of the ac electrochemical-thermal method. The influence of alkaline pretreatment on the electrochemical behavior for a polypyrrole electrode was also investigated by this method. It was found that after alkaline pretreatment the eletrochemical activity of polypyrrole electrode was decreased obviously, but it kept partly electrochemical-thermal characteristic as same as that before pretreatment.

Electrode Process Of Lithium Ions On Aluminum Electrode In Molten Licl-Kcl, Shu-Zhen Duan, Cong-Sheng Guan, Qing-Rong Shi, Xin-Dong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Deposition mechanism of Lithium on aluminium electrode was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry and potential step method. The formation of α-solid solution was controlled by the diffusion of lithium within the aluminium substance. The formation of β-LiAl alloy was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the legining, and by diffiusion of lithium through the β- LiAl alloy layer was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the begining, and by the diffusion of lithium through the β-LiAl alloy later. Neucleation polarization for the formation of β-LiAl alloy was observed. This polarization is an …

Molecular Inclusion Of Cyclodextrin Polymer And Its Application To Enzyme Electrodes, Hui-Huang Wu, Bao-Zhang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextin prepolymer host with benzoquinone guest was studied by voltametry. The spectroscopic measurements show that the polycondensation of CD with glutaric dialdehyde forms the polymer (PCD) with pending carbonyl, the latter brings about covalent immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOD) to polymer chains. Owing to the inclusion complexation of CD, the benzoquinone(BQ) as mediator of GOD can be collected in the enzyme-containing PCD membrane, resulting in high concentration of BQ in the membrane while decreasing its amount in solution. TTF was tested to prepare the immobilised enzyme together with mediator in PCD. The enzyme loading in PCD …

Study On The Substitution Of Chromium Alloy Electroplating From Trivalent Plating Bath For The Hard Chromium Plating, Hui-Dong Li, Min Li, Hui-Qi Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Recently, a vast amount of exploring experiments have been made to solve many deadly defect of existing trivalent chromium plating processes and promote to finally substitute the trivalent chromium for the hexvalent chromium plating. Technical scheme which we substitute the amorphous chromium alloy deposition for the pure chromium is determined step by step and process of amorphous Cr-Fe-C alloy plating from trivalent chromium plating bath has been developped successfully. The deposition maintains standard of traditional hexvalent chromium deposition in properties of wear-resistance and corrosive wear resistance. Moreover, it completely eliminates serious enviromental pollution and has certain advantages of technological property …

Influence Of Buffers On The Blectrodeposition Of Nickel From A Watts Bath, Can-Zh Gao, Yu-Li Lu, Ru-Tao Liu, Fang Chen, Shu-Ben Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical reactions occurring during the deposition of nickel from Watts bath have been examined using the voltammetric technique. The important reactions taking place at the anode and cathode have been identified. The influence of buffers HAc, H₃BO₃ and NH₄Cl on the rate of nickel deposition was marked in the lower concentration (0.01-0.05 mol/L) of buffers. The reason why buffers make the rate of nickel deposition increase were discussed.

Studies On Impedance Of Acid-Copper Electroplating System, Wen Deng, Zhao Liu, Xiang-Min Lin, He-Tong Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The impedance characteristics of elementary solution (0.3 mol/L CuSO₄+1.94 mol/L H₂SO₄) and that with the addition of 60 mg/L Cl^-, 300 mg/L OP-21, 30 mg/L PEG, 10 mg/L 2thiazolinyldithiopropane sulfate (self-synthesized additive) are investigated and interpreted in terms of equivalent circuit. The results indicated: (1) Cl^- ion can increase cathodic polarization. (2) A twostep reaction mechanism corresponds to Cu^₂₊ reduction, that is: Cu^₂₊→Cu⁺, Cu⁺→Cu(adsorption)→Cu(lattice), Cu^₂₊ react in different forms of complex ion in sulfuric acidcupric sulfate solution with or without Cl^- ion. …

Application Of Electrochemical Process To Recycling Waste Water From Flotation Of Phosphate Ores, Shi-Xin Yu, Wen Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

The waste water from flotation of phosphate ores can be used to recycling by electrochemical process. The suitable factors of electrochemical process is made by measuring ζ potential and transmittance of the waste water in modified way.

New Esr-Electrochemical Cell Designs For Coaxial Microwave Cavity, Lin Zhuang, Jun-Tao Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

New cell designs for simultaneous electrochemical (EC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements are reported for coaxial microwave cavity. Adjustable shieldings are introduced so that the working electrode can be much shorter than the full height of the cavity. Besides the traditional helical electrode, the working electrode can be cylinders made from metal plates, metallic meshes or even composite materials. The counter electrode can be placed either inside or outside the cavity. These features make the new designs more flexible than that previously reported. With a nonperforated cylindrical electrode, this cell can be used to determine the standard potential and …

System And Method For Improving Data Acquisition Capability In Spectroscopic Ellipsometers, Steven E. Green, Craig M. Herzinger, Blaine D. Johs, John A. Woollam

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

The present invention is applicable generally to Spectroscopic Rotatable and Rotating Element Ellipsometers which utilize a relatively large range of wavelengths. Disclosed is a system and method for controlling the polarization state of a polarized beam of light so that it is in a range where the sensitivity of a Polarization State Detector used to measure changes in said polarized beam of light resulting from interaction with a Sample System. to noise and measurement errors etc.. is reduced. Exemplified is a system. and method of use, for simultaneously setting both measured ellipsometric ALPHA, and ellipsometric BETA parameter values, (or equivalents), …

Method And Apparatus For Triboelectric-Centrifugal Separation, John M. Stencel, John L. Schaefer, Heng Ban, Dennis Finseth

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Patents

A method for separating two species of particles present in raw feedstock includes electrically charging at least one of the species of particles being separated. Next is the subjecting of the particles to both centrifugal and electrostatic forces. This is done in a manner so as to provide an additive effect and thereby achieve enhanced separation of the two particle species. An apparatus for processing the raw feedstock in accordance with the method is also disclosed.