Engineering Commons^™

A Technique For Obtaining Submicrosecond Exposure Times At Large Aperture In High-Speed Photography, Joseph A. Hull

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The purpose of the investigation described in this report was to attempt to improve one of the existing techniques, namely, the Kerr cell type electrooptical shutter, to make it more applicable to the study of high-explosive physics. To provide a background for the reader, a brief discussion of the other techniques will be described. Some of the advantages and limitations of these systems will be discussed.

Heat Transfer Coefficients In An Agitated Vessel Using Verticle-Tube Baffles, Edward Joseph Barrasso

Theses

Data are presented to show the effect of impeller speed, impeller type, and fluid properties on the forced-convection film coefficient of heat transfer for verticle tubes in a cylindrical vessel. A generalized equation to predict the film coefficient of heat transfer on the outside of verticle tubes in an agitated vessel for both cooling and heating is also presented. This equation may be used to estimate the necessary areas of heat transfer for verticle tubes in an agitated vessel within the degree of accuracy required from most engineering calculations.

This study was the first initiated to develop an equation to …

Liquid-Gas Flow In Venturi Meter And Sharp Edged Orifice, Frank John Chwalek

Theses

The results of a study of pressure drops across a 5/32 inch throat venturi meter and a 5/32 inch thin plate sharp-edged orifice for the horizontal cocurrent, flow of the air-water two-phase two-fluid system in a 3/4 inch pipe under essentially isothermal conditions, are presented. This is the first critical study of two phase flow in a Venturi meter and. in a 5/32" orifice.

Flows of water of 0.1 to 1.7 gallons per minute with air rates in range of 0.00022 lbs/sec. to 0.0092 lbs/sec. of air mixed in were studied. All flows were turbulent when judged with the conventional …

Activity Coefficients Of Gases In Binary Mixtures, John Gressler Engleman

Theses

The theory and usefulness of vapor phase activity coefficients have been developed. The equations, charts and calculation procedures to be used for the three methods are included with a set of sample calculations in their most convenient form.

Activity coefficients for 236 experimental points have been calculated by the three methods for both components of tour binary gaseous systems. These systems are Argon - Ethylene (36 points), Hydrogen - Nitrogen (32 points), Methane - Ethane (112 points) and Methane - n Butane (56 points). Wide ranges of pressure, temperature and mol fraction are included.

The % deviations of calculated from …

Transesterification Of Alkyl Borates, Garry Gustav Eichmann

Theses

An attempt was made to prepare pure methyl borate by an ester interchange using a high-boiling alkyl borate in combination with methyl benzoate or methyl phthalate. The product, assumed to be methyl borate, boiled at about 70°C., which is 5° higher than the expected boiling point, and analyzed at 88 to 95%.

Various catalysts, such as hydrochloric acid, sodium methoxide, p-toluene sulfonic acid, aluminum isopropoxide, and aluminum chloride, were tried before magnesium-aluminum ethoxide was chosen as the best catalyst for this particular tranesterification reaction.

Effect Of Concentration On The Mass Transfer Coefficient In The Liquid Film, Marvin Baker Schaffer, Philip Major Pomerantz

Theses

The effect of liquid concentration on the resistance to mass transfer across the liquid film is studied for an acetone-methyl isobutyl ketone-air system in a packed tower. The liquid film resistance is computed by measuring the overall resistance for various concentrations and subtracting the gas film resistance. The gas film resistance is determined at the same liquid and gas rates by measurements on the pure components.

In the theory developed to handle the calculations, it is assumed that the interface temperatures are the wet-bulb temperatures based on a dynamic equilibrium. This supposition is supported experimentally at a liquid rate of …

Thermodynamic Properties Of Trimethylamine, John Bernard Riley

Theses

The thermodynamic properties of trimethylamine have been evaluated at temperatures from 32°F to 600°F and from the saturation pressure to 2000 lb/in² based on available experimental data. An equation relating the pressure, volume and temperature of the system has been derived for the range in which experimental data were available and it was used to evaluate the thermodynamic properties in this range. Values for pressure, volume, temperature, enthalpy and entropy have been presented in the form of tables and graphs.

The Three Phase System N-Hexane - Aniline - Water, Charles S. Potosnak

Theses

This is a study of the three phase system - n-Hexane Aniline - Water at 50° Centigrade. The data obtained, coupled with data previously established at 36° Centigrade is used to predict a means of recovering aniline from 3-5% aqueous solutions by scrubbing with n-hexane.

The Preparation Of 3,4-Diaminopyridine, Emil John Fencl

Theses

The preparation of 3,4-diamincpyridine from pyridine was investigated, but found to be of little synthetic value because of the low yield obtained on the rearrangement of 4-nitraminopyridine to 3-nitro 4-aminopyridine. In attempt to nitrate nicotinamide-N-oxide resulted in the isolation of nicotinic acid-N-oxide. Attempts to nitrate nicotinic acid-N-oxide were unsuccessful. Attempts to oxidize 3-methylpyridine-N-oxide and 4-nitro-3-methylpyridine were unsuccessful. The nitration of 3-methylpyridine-N-oxide led to the isolation of 2-nitro-5-methylpyridine, which has not previously been reported as a by-product of that reaction.

Ammonia Catalized Phenol Formaldehyde Resins, Murlin Charles Ehrgott

Theses

The literature on ammonia-catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde resins is reviewed and critical comparisons are made of the manner in which the ammonia-catalyzed resins differ from both the alkali- and acid-catalyzed resins.

Intermediate products formea during the initial stapes of the ammonia-catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde reactions, as reported in the literature, are tabulated and % N contents are calculated.

Experimental determinations of N content of resins with molar ratios of 1:1.25 phenol to formaldehyde with ammonia at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 moles per mole of phenol, show that at the 0.2 molar ratio of ammonia, all the N enters into the resin and remains during …

Composting Coffee Waste, Lawrence James Hickey

Theses

Disposal of waste, and specifically organic waste, has become a serious problem in such industries as the canning, meat-packing, dairy and other food producing industries. Recently, with the introduction of instant coffee powder, this particular industry now has a waste disposal problem with the resultant coffee residue. Composting or biologically decomposing this waste to yield an organic fertilizer is one of the many ways to solve this problem.

There are no papers in the literature concerning composting of coffee waste and only one paper (65) is available covering studies of high rate composting of garbage and refuse. It is known …

Heat Transfer Coefficients Of Condensing Vapors, Charles Rocco Lipuma, Earl Adolph Nirmaier

Theses

The film coefficients of heat transfer for vapors condensing on a single horizontal tube have been measured for methyl, i-propyl, and n-butyl alcohols. The equipment used was specifically designed for these studies, and represents an improvement over that used by other investigators. The data collected were analyzed usingmodified Wilson method which is based on a rigorous theoretical analysis.

It has been found that the condensing film coefficients for methyl and i-propyl alcohols vary with the heat duty. This is to be expected from the analysis mentioned above. Me variation was found for n-butyl alcohol.

The observed values of the heat …

Electrodeposition Of Cellulose And Carboxy-Methylcellulose, Charles Edward Driesens Jr.

Theses

The previous work done by Frank Cozzarelli on the eleotrodeposition of cellulose from a sodium zincate-urea-cellulose system has been verified, except that zinc was found to deposit on the cathode at all voltages and current densities within the range of the optimum conditions for deposition. The optimum conditions are: voltage - 1.10 to 1.28 volts; current density 0.13 to 1.10 amperes/square foot; electrode material - copper. Current efficiencies range from 0.80 to 5.53%.

A chelate-like complex formed from the sodium zincate and urea which couples with the cellulose has been proposed as a possible explaination of the mechanism governing the …

Hydrolysis Of Sodium Silicofluoride, Frank Arthur Graf

Theses

The kinetics of an apparent solubility decrease of commercial sodium fluoride encountered in a piece of equipment designed to produce saturated sodium fluoride solution was Investigated, in order to understand why a consistently saturated solution was not possible to achieve with plain tap water as solvent.

The main impurity, about 1 percent sodium silicofluoride, coats the sodium fluoride crystals, resulting in an equilibrium shift during dissolution of the salt in water; and under certain conditions results in the formation of a protective gel. Therefore, in order to produce a constant strength sodium fluoride solution, this coated impurity must be decomposed …

The Fatty Acid Alkanolamide Reaction, Julius Galender

Theses

An alkanolamide detergent can be formed by the condensation of coconut fatty acid and diethanolamine. A great many factors can influence this formation. It is shown that varying the molar ratio of amine to acid, results in a change in the fraction of acid converted. It similarly affects the molar quantities of amine converted. Molar conversion of acid or amine is dependent upon the type of atmosphere in the reaction; more acid is converted when a nitrogen sweep is employed than when it is not used. However, proportionately more amine is converted, when a nitrogen sweep is not used. When …

Power Requirements In Pigment Comminution, Joseph Timothy Gildersleeve

Theses

The results of this work prove that the relation between total work and surface area developed in the wet grinding of pigments is an exponential function. The following equations were experimentally determined for the pigments studied:

For Zinc Oxide; P = .090 (Δs)1.05

For Titanium Dioxide: P = .086 (Δs)1.072

For Calcium Carbonate: P = .107 (Δs)0.98

This work shows that in the grinding of sub-sieve size pigments the Rittinger and Bond theories which state that surface area developed is directly proportional to total work, are not valid and cannot be applied.

It is also shown in another plot that …

The Condensation Of Vapors From Gas-Vapor Mixtures, Stanley Anthony Mruk, William Charles Kraemer

Theses

Superheated mixtures of cyclohexane vapor and nitrogen gas were passed at various rates downward through a single tube condenser with the cooling water flowing countercurrently in an annular space outside the condenser.

The method of Colburn and Rougen for the design of cooler-condensers was applied and the calculated condenser lengths are compared to the experimental length.

Relatively good agreement with the design method was found for cases where there was little or no streamline flow of the gas-vapor mixture in the condenser. With increasing amounts of streamline flow* the design method tends to be increasingly conservative.

An Investigation Of Ground Pressure By Scale Model, Theodore F. Berthelote

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

This report includes a brief survey of the literature pertaining to the application of scale models to the study of ground pressure, a discussion of the theory of scale models, description of model material and loading devices used in this study, and a discussion of results obtained in actual experimentation.

The Design And Construction Of A Laboratory Model Fluidized Bed Reactor, Godfrey Paul Howard

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

Fluidization has become a new and important unit operation in roasting, calcining, and drying ores because of the economy and ease of handling that it affords. Because of these reasons, and since the Montana School of Mines Metallurgical Laboratory does not have an operating model of a fluidized bed reactor, it was decided to design and construct an operating model for future research in the laboratory.

Correlation Of Curtis And Gullett Equation For Viscosity Of Non-Newtonian Suspensions And Franks And Rinaldi Equation For Heat Transfer Coefficients, Irene S. Wisla, John L. Kukowski

Theses

Curtis and Gullett (7) developed an equation correlating the effect of velocity, concentration and particle size on apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian water slurries.

μ/μ_w=1.02(AK/GC)^.105

The object of this paper was to determine the validity of using the viscosity, as determined by the Curtis-GulLett (7) equation, in predicting the heat transfer coefficient of non-Newtonian fluids, where the suspending medium is something other than pure water . The authors used various concentrations of sugar solutions as the dispersion medium, for the slurries.

A dimensionless equation resembling the flittusBoelter equation with modified exponents and additional dimensionless groups has been developed …

A Study Of The Partial Oxidation Of Monosubstituted-P-Xylenes, Frederick John Honold

Theses

In the oxidation of 2-nitro-p-xylene (I) using alkaline potassium permanganate, the only product isolated was 2-nitro-terephthalic acid (II). Approximately half of the starting material was oxidized. The other half remained as unreacted starting material.

The chromium trioxide oxidation of 2-nitro-p-xylene (I) in glacial acetic acid, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, yielded only 3-nitro-p-toluic acid (III).

The chromium trioxide oxidations, of 2-N-acetylamino-p-xylens (IV) with and without sulfuric acid catalyst, yielded no oxidation products which could be identified. About half of the starting material was recovered in each case.

In a low temperature alkaline potassium permanganate oxidation of 2-N-acetyIamino-p-xylene a small …

A Study Of The Functional Stability Of Sunscreen Compounds, Jesse Howard Starkman

Theses

Previous work reported in literature, indicates that commercial sunscreen compounds were subject to breakdown on exposure to ultraviolet radiation with consequent change in their functional efficiencies.

These findings ware retested under conditions more closely approximating actual usage.

A new method of evaluation which closely correlates to actual experience in large scale usage, was applied. This method provides, from simple spectral data, a reliable index of physiological efficiency of the sunscreen compound. As a result, twelve commercial sunscreen compounds were exposed to ultraviolet radiation for varying periods. Analysis indicated that, contrary to the previous reports, no significant Changes in physiological efficiency …

The Effect Of Strontium Sulfate Addition On The Lead Content Of Electrolytic Zinc, Arthur E. Morris

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

The production of electrolytic zinc involves the passage of an electric current through an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate and sulfuric acid. While all plants use procedures fundamentally the same, there are principal differences in the acidity of electrolyte, the zinc content of the electrolyte and the current density used.

Streaming Potential Studies, Andrew L. Mular

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

The application of streaming potential to mineral-dressing is comparatively recent. Although colloidal chemists, for some time, have been familiar with streaming potential and the electrical double layer, A.M. Gaudin, Richards Professor of mineral-dressing, M.I.T, and D.W. Fuerstenau, his assistant, were the first to publish a series of experiments dealing directly with streaming potential applied to flotation. The apparatus described in this thesis was used by Fuerstenau and was developed by him especially for this type of investigation.

Prospect Drilling, George Allen Mealey

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

This report covers four types of prospect drilling: churn drilling, diamond drilling, percussion drilling and calyx drilling. No other types of prospect drilling are discussed except these four types because any other method are not extensively used.

Shaft Mucker Design, P. J.G Du Toit

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

The mucking principle employed in the design of this mucking machine is that of a continuous operation instead of an intermittent one. The mucker was primarily designed for operation in shafts (vertical or inclined) and winzes but the mucker is not restricted to these.

Underground Concreting, J. D. Riggleman

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

Concreting has in the past few years become a prime consideration in underground support; therefore, this report will endeavor to outline some of the basic fundamentals of underground concreting. Greater emphasis has been placed upon the characteristics and criteria of good concrete and placing procedures and techniques. Actual examples of practice have been cited but only to illustrate the basic fundamentals which are outlined in the major part of this report.

Modern Hydraulic Filling In Underground Metal Mines, Rainer Gevers

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

While the practice of back-filling is almost as old as mining, it was only when modern machines made possible the removal of vast tonnages of rock, that the support of underground workings-- by filling work-out stopes-- became peremptory from both the humane and economic aspects.

Shaft-Sinking Investigation, Johan De Beer

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

During the past few years there has been a tremendous advance in the rate of sinking shafts. The sinking of shafts has always been one of the more costly and time consuming operations in the development of a mine. Shaft sinking is a long-term operation and only in the past few years has there been a remarkable increase in the rate of sinking.

Synthetic Manganese Dioxide Production, Russell Marion Dugdale

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

Before World War I the United States procured all of its battery grade manganese dioxide from the Caucasus. Even at this time some experimentation was under way to produce this depolarizing substance synthetically and the experiments were successful to a large extent so that when the ore from the Caucasus was cut off, the necessary material was produced synthetically. The shortage was relieved when a deposit of manganese dioxide was discovered in Montana, which was superior to the ore from the Caucasus.