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Articles 31 - 60 of 128
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
The Lineal Polarization Method For Corrosion Rate Measurement Of Reinforcing Bar Of Concrete In Situ, Ai-Ling Du, Wen-Tao Hou, He-Ming Zhang, Jian-Qun Luo
The Lineal Polarization Method For Corrosion Rate Measurement Of Reinforcing Bar Of Concrete In Situ, Ai-Ling Du, Wen-Tao Hou, He-Ming Zhang, Jian-Qun Luo
Journal of Electrochemistry
A linear polarization method was applied to measure corrosion rate of reinforcing bar of concrete in situ. Generally in the experiment, the area and shape of the reinforcing bar as a working electrode can be changed and adjusted according to our needs. But polarization area cannot be defined when reinforcing bar is polarized in situ, so that a real R p can't be obtained. Thus the purpose of present work is to improve the measurement system. We used the double_ring auxiliary electrodes made by ourselves. The size of the double_ring auxiliary electrodes was adjusted repeatedly until the real polarization area …
A New Method For The Preparation Of The Electrodes With Very Low Platinum Loading Used In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Zhi-Gang Shao, Bao-Lian Yi, Ming Qiao Ya-Guang Han, Hao Liu, Jing-Rong Yu
A New Method For The Preparation Of The Electrodes With Very Low Platinum Loading Used In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Zhi-Gang Shao, Bao-Lian Yi, Ming Qiao Ya-Guang Han, Hao Liu, Jing-Rong Yu
Journal of Electrochemistry
Research and development on low platinum loading electrode is very important in reducing the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)stack.This paper has put forward a new method to prepare the electrode of PEMFC. The pore forming substances were used in this methd. The low platinum loading electrodes (0.02 mgPtcm -2 )have already been prepared with the method. Compared with the traditional method, the new method is simple, cheep, and easy to scale up. The superior composition of the electrodes is catalyst: pore forming substance: Nafion= 331. The performance of a single cell using this kind of electrodes and Nafion …
Electrochemical Evaluation On The Porosity Of Electroless Ni-P Alloy Coatings, Hong-Ying Yu, Dong-Bai Sun, Jing-Bing Huang, De-Jun Yang
Electrochemical Evaluation On The Porosity Of Electroless Ni-P Alloy Coatings, Hong-Ying Yu, Dong-Bai Sun, Jing-Bing Huang, De-Jun Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
By investigating the polarization curves of pure Ni P alloy,Ni P alloy coation and carbon steel in nitric acids with different concentrations,the sutable concentration of nitric acid for the evaluation of the porosity of Ni P alloy coatings has been determined and the coatings with different thickness have been evaluated.The results indicated that the nitric acid with 10 wt% concentration is the most suitable solution for the porosity of the coating by using electrochemical method.The polarization curve of Ni P alloy coating in 10% nitric acid can accurately reveal the porosity.With the decrease of the porosity of the coating,the corrosion …
Studies Of The Lial_Yni_(1-Y)O_2 As Cathode Materials For Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries, Xiao-Gan Li, Wei-Hua Qiu, Chuan-Gang Lin, Qing-Guo Liu
Studies Of The Lial_Yni_(1-Y)O_2 As Cathode Materials For Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries, Xiao-Gan Li, Wei-Hua Qiu, Chuan-Gang Lin, Qing-Guo Liu
Journal of Electrochemistry
In this paper, we have synthesized series of single_phase LiAl yNi 1-y O 2 (differentive in value_y) by solid reaction. Through examining their electrothemical properties, found that, under a proper sintering condition, Li xAl 0.25 Ni 0.75 O 2 solution for cathode materials of rechargeable lithium ion batteries showed more pleasing properties in overcharge_resist and cycling life ( vs LiNiO 2). When x>1, the capacity can be kept 125mAh/g after 30 cycles under higher charged/discharged voltages ranging from 3.0 V to 4.8 V, whereas that of pure LiNiO 2 has only 61 nAh/g after 25 cycles. The results of …
A Study On The Cylindrical Zinc-Air Battery, Sheng Sian Li, Gui Mao Zhou, Xin Ping Ai, Han Xi Yang
A Study On The Cylindrical Zinc-Air Battery, Sheng Sian Li, Gui Mao Zhou, Xin Ping Ai, Han Xi Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The zinc air battery has advantages of high specific energies and low cost,therefore attracts much interests.However,its application is limited only in prismatic and button type.This paper reported a novel design of cylindrical zinc air batteries and the performances of the batteries tested at various conditions.The results showed that when discharged at the current of 40 mA at 20 °C, the capacity of AA size and AAA size batteries reached 4000mAh and 1400mAh respectively,corresponding to the energy densities 280 Wh/kg and 200 Wh/kg.The effects of the discharge current, temperature and humidity on the performances of the batteries are also discussed.
Synthesis Of Li_(1+X)Mn_2o_4 Cathode Material For Lithium-Ion Batteries With Solution Method, Pei Song Liu, Sing Quarn Liu, Qing Li, Zhao Yong Chen, Bai Lan Zhang, Zuo Long Yu
Synthesis Of Li_(1+X)Mn_2o_4 Cathode Material For Lithium-Ion Batteries With Solution Method, Pei Song Liu, Sing Quarn Liu, Qing Li, Zhao Yong Chen, Bai Lan Zhang, Zuo Long Yu
Journal of Electrochemistry
The cathode materials Li 1+x Mn 2O 4 were prepared with citric acid complexing and solution impregnating methods.Structure characterization and specific surface area test were performed by means of XRD,BET methods ,the influences of calcination temperature,Li/Mn molar ratio and raw materials on the structure and electrochemical capacity of samples have beem examined.The results showed that the Li/Mn molar ratio and calcimation temperature were the key factors affecting the electrochemical capacity of cathode materias.The optimum conditions for synthesis of Li 1+x Mn 2O 4 cathode material were 0≤x≤0.05 and calcined at 750°C.The initial capacity of the sample reached 120 mAh/g and …
The Effect Of Cerium On The Anodic Behavior Of Pb-Ca-Sn Alloy In Sulfuric Acid Solution, Hou Tian Liu, Jiong Yang, Hai He Liang, Ji-Hua Zhuang, Wei-Fang Zhou
The Effect Of Cerium On The Anodic Behavior Of Pb-Ca-Sn Alloy In Sulfuric Acid Solution, Hou Tian Liu, Jiong Yang, Hai He Liang, Ji-Hua Zhuang, Wei-Fang Zhou
Journal of Electrochemistry
The cyclic voltammograms for Pb - 0.5 at% Ca - 1.5 at% Sn and Pb - 0.5 at% Ca - 1.5 at% Sn containing a certain amount of cerium in 4.5 mol·dm -3 H 2SO 4 at 20℃ were measured between 0.6 V and 1.4 V(vs. Hg/Hg 2SO 4). The growth rate of the anodic Pb(Ⅱ) films formed on the mentioned alloy electrodes at 0.9 V in the same sulfuric acid medium was investigated using the Linear Sweep Voltammetry. The variation with electrode potential of the real part of the impedence (Z’) for the anodic Pb(Ⅱ) films was measured using …
The Study On Lithiated Titanium Composite Oxides As Negative Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, Xiao-Yan Yang, Shou-Nan Hua, Shu-Yong Zhang
The Study On Lithiated Titanium Composite Oxides As Negative Electrode For Lithium-Ion Battery, Xiao-Yan Yang, Shou-Nan Hua, Shu-Yong Zhang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Lithiated titanium composite oxides Li 4Ti 5O 12 were prepared from Li 2CO 3 and TiO 2. The XRD results of this composite oxides indicated that the compound had a spinel structure. The electrochemical behavior of lithiated titanium composite oxides was examined. The results showed that this material had an excellent cyclic capability and reversibility for lithium insertion, and had high specific capacity: the initial discharge capacity was 300 mAh·g -1 , and the reversible capacity was 100 mAh·g -1 . The discharge plateau (about 1.5 V) and the charge plateau (about 1.6 V) were very close on the voltage …
A Study On Stochastic Resonance For The Process Of Active-Passive Transition Of Iron In Sulfuric Acid, Hong Bo Ding, Bao Yun Xia, Chun Sheng Yin, Zhong Xiao Pan
A Study On Stochastic Resonance For The Process Of Active-Passive Transition Of Iron In Sulfuric Acid, Hong Bo Ding, Bao Yun Xia, Chun Sheng Yin, Zhong Xiao Pan
Journal of Electrochemistry
The bistable characteristics of the process of active passive transition of iron in sulfuric acid was described and the stochastic resonance phenomenon in the process was simulated.
Mechanisimic Study Of Fes Electrode Process, Cong-Sheng Guan, Shu-Zhen Duan
Mechanisimic Study Of Fes Electrode Process, Cong-Sheng Guan, Shu-Zhen Duan
Journal of Electrochemistry
The mechanism of FeS electrode process has been investigated by using linear cyclic voltammetry. The electrode porcess of FeS is accompanied with the formation and dissolution of insoluble FeS and controlled by ohmic resistance. The peak currents and potentials on the cyclic voltammograms are dependent lineally on the square root of the scan rates. According to this, an ohmic resistance controlling model of FeS electrode has been put forward, and the relative functions between peak currents or potentials and scan rates have been deduced. The theoretical deduction is corresponding to the results of the experiments.
42nd Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry
42nd Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry
Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance
Abstracts from the 42nd annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Broomfield, Colorado, July 30 - August 3, 2000.
Development In The Petroleum Sub-Sector And Their Impacts On Nigerian Economy., I. P. Ojinnaka
Development In The Petroleum Sub-Sector And Their Impacts On Nigerian Economy., I. P. Ojinnaka
Bullion
The development of the petroleum industry has had both negative and positive impacts on the Nigerian economy. Two schools of thought can be examined. First, that positive impacts outweigh the negative, and secondly, the inverse. The paper will examined the impacts and analyzed the positive ones. From the approach of the study it is clear that the petroleum industry has had both negative and positive impacts on the Nigerian economy. Nigeria without petroleum could be like any other country without oil or gas, that is, import dependent. However, Nigeria with oil is the best thing that could have happened to …
Psychopolitical Dynamics Of Air Rage, Ibpp Editor
Psychopolitical Dynamics Of Air Rage, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article describes two elements of the psychopolitical dynamics of air rage. The first comprises the rise of air rage as a labeling construct. The second comprises aspects of perceived power and social perception that seem to engender behavior labeled as air rage.
Effect Of Aggregate Volume Fraction On The Elastic Moduli And Void Ratio Of Cement-Based, Shih-Wei Cho, Chung-Chia Yang, Ran Huang
Effect Of Aggregate Volume Fraction On The Elastic Moduli And Void Ratio Of Cement-Based, Shih-Wei Cho, Chung-Chia Yang, Ran Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The effects of aggregate volume fraction on the void ratio and the elastic modulus of mortar were studied. Cylindrical specimens with six volume fractions (a/t = 0., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) of fine aggregate and various water/cement ratios (w/c = 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were cast and tested. Double inclusion model for three-phase composite (matrix, aggregate, and void) was used to predict the volume of total void based on the properties and quantities of the components and composites. Based on this study, when higher volume fraction of aggregate is used in the mix, the elastic modulus of the …
On The Free Terms Of The Dual Ben For The Two And Three-Dimensional Laplace Problems, Jeng-Tzong Chen, Shyh-Rong Kuo, Wei-Chih Chen, Li-Wei Liu
On The Free Terms Of The Dual Ben For The Two And Three-Dimensional Laplace Problems, Jeng-Tzong Chen, Shyh-Rong Kuo, Wei-Chih Chen, Li-Wei Liu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A dual integral formulation for the Laplace problem with a smooth boundary is derived by using the contour approach surrounding the singularity. It is found that using the contour approach the jump terms come half and half from the free terms in the L and M kernel integrations for the two-dimensional case, which is different from the limiting process by approaching an interior point to a boundary point where the jump terms come totally from the L kernel only. The definition of the Hadamard principal value for hypersingular integral at the collocation point of a smooth boundary is extended to …
Applying Fuzzy Mathematics To Evaluating The Membership Of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges In Taipei, Ming-Te Liang, Jai-He Wu, Chih-Hsin Liang
Applying Fuzzy Mathematics To Evaluating The Membership Of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges In Taipei, Ming-Te Liang, Jai-He Wu, Chih-Hsin Liang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this study, the concept of fuzzy mathematics was applied to the damage evaluation of existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. The partition rule of evaluation grade was used to divide the evaluation results. The damage state of existing RC bridges was carried out using a double layer fuzzy synthesis evaluation. Moreover, based on the results of the synthesis evaluation, the damage state of existing RC bridges was thoroughly partitioned. According to the evaluation results, the double-layer synthesis evaluation of fuzzy for the damage of RC bridge is definitely useful. The evaluation results are also offered as the basis for strategy …
Machine Vibration Induced Underwater Acoustic Radiation, Wei-Hui Wang, Jia-Horng Liou, Robert Sutton, Ben Dobson
Machine Vibration Induced Underwater Acoustic Radiation, Wei-Hui Wang, Jia-Horng Liou, Robert Sutton, Ben Dobson
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A coupled FEM/BEM for solving fluid-structure interaction problem in structure-borne noise propagation and underwater acoustic radiation is present in this paper. In order to improve the habitability and stealth low noise condition is required in various types of ships. One of the dominant components is the radiated airborne and underwater noise caused by ship hull vibration. Accordingly, the estimation of structure-borne sound characteristics of a ship is important in the design of a quieter ship-structure. The hull vibration response and pressure distribution on the wetted surface of a ship subjected to excitation sources can be analyzed by utilizing the developed …
Low-Impact Development:An Innovative Alternative Approach To Stormwater Management, Chao-Hsien Liaw, Mow-Soung Cheng, Yao-Lung Tsai
Low-Impact Development:An Innovative Alternative Approach To Stormwater Management, Chao-Hsien Liaw, Mow-Soung Cheng, Yao-Lung Tsai
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
To assist local governments in their efforts to develop more effective stormwater management programs, an innovative comprehensive approach to stormwater management referred to as Low-Impact Development (LID) has been developed. Low-Impact Development technology employs microscale and distributed management techniques. This paper briefly outlines the development of LID technology and discusses its basic hydrological control principles. However, LID's source control techniques are an economical common sense approach that can be used to better manage new development or retrofit existing development. We believe that this new approach is a significant step forward towards advancing the state-of-the-art of stormwater management and will be …
The Steady Loops Of Sdof Perfectly Elastoplastic Structures Under Sinusoidal Loadings, Chein-Shan Liu
The Steady Loops Of Sdof Perfectly Elastoplastic Structures Under Sinusoidal Loadings, Chein-Shan Liu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The model of single degree of freedom perfectly elastoplastic structures under external loading is treated in this paper. It is analyzed and pointed out that for the perfectly elastoplastic structure the equation of motion is nothing but a two-phase linear system with an on-off switch. Then the exact solutions of the dynamic responses are derived for sinusoidal loadings. For such loading we prove that no matter how large the amplitude is, the structure is impossible undergoing a permanent plastic motion; conversely, the long term behavior exhibits either stable hysteresis loop and limit cycle, or elastic shakedown. A phase plane estimation …
Trends. Problems In Cultural Transplants: From Aviation To Medicine, Ibpp Editor
Trends. Problems In Cultural Transplants: From Aviation To Medicine, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article discusses the issues with transferring aviation security to medical cultures.
Technical Investigaton Of Thin-Film Plasticizing Lithium Ion Battery, Xin-Ping Ai, Xin-Lin Hong, Quan-Feng Dong, Sheng-Xian Li, Han-Xi Yang
Technical Investigaton Of Thin-Film Plasticizing Lithium Ion Battery, Xin-Ping Ai, Xin-Lin Hong, Quan-Feng Dong, Sheng-Xian Li, Han-Xi Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
A number of polymer materials as candidates of host matrix of plastic polymer electrolyte were examined and techniques for preparation of thin_film electrolyte were reported. The results showed that the polymer electrolyte prepared with P(VDF_HFP) copolymer as host matrix and DBP as plasticizer exhibit the satisfactory mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. In comprison with liquid electrolyte systems, thin_film lithium ion battery has almost similar charge_discharge capacity and cycleability. The manufacture methods and the technical factors in making plasticizing lithium ion battery were also described in details.
An Investigation On The Corrosion Potential Imaging At The Interface Of Concrete/Reinforcing Bar In Corrosion Media, Rong-Zong Hu, Chang-Jian Lin, Xiang Zhou, Jian-Guang Tan, Xiong-Chao Zhao
An Investigation On The Corrosion Potential Imaging At The Interface Of Concrete/Reinforcing Bar In Corrosion Media, Rong-Zong Hu, Chang-Jian Lin, Xiang Zhou, Jian-Guang Tan, Xiong-Chao Zhao
Journal of Electrochemistry
The iron array electrode covered with concrete as a new electrochemical technique is applied to map the potential imaging and to investigate on the iron electrode corrosion process under concrete: In Cl - solution the corrosion of the iron array electrode covered with concrete had been prevented for a short term since the concrete protection, but the corrosion still occurreed and developed after immersed for a long time. In SO 4 2- solution although the sample had being immersed for a long time and the concrete was possibly broken, the corrosion did not develop. In Cl - solution the corrosion …
Powder Microelectrode Modified With Nafion-Os(Bpy)_3~( 2+) And Pvp Composite And Its Catalysis For No_2 - Reduction, Pei-Fang Liu, Jia-Wei Yan
Powder Microelectrode Modified With Nafion-Os(Bpy)_3~( 2+) And Pvp Composite And Its Catalysis For No_2 - Reduction, Pei-Fang Liu, Jia-Wei Yan
Journal of Electrochemistry
The modified powder microelectrode was prepared by etching a Pt (0.1 mm diameter) disk microelectrode and filling in thus formed cavity with Nation_Os(bpy) 3 2+ /PVP composite modified carbon powder. The composite modified powder microelectrode showed cyclic voltammetric behaviors changing with the mole ratio (denoted X) of SO 3 - to Os(bpy) 3 2+ in Nafion. When X=3, a single pair of current peaks appeared near 0.6V (vs. SCE) due to Os(bpy) 3 2+/3+ redox couple. In contrast, for X=20, a pair of additional current peaks occurred near 0.4V. Both X=3 and X=20 modified powder microelectrodes strongly catalyzed the first …
Study On Carbon From Pyrolyzing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin For The Negative Electrode Of Li-Ion Secondary Battery, Zhi-Yuan Tang, Xin-Guo Zhuang, Yu-Mei Zhai, Jian-Gang Li, Jian-Jun Xue, Chun-Yan Liu
Study On Carbon From Pyrolyzing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin For The Negative Electrode Of Li-Ion Secondary Battery, Zhi-Yuan Tang, Xin-Guo Zhuang, Yu-Mei Zhai, Jian-Gang Li, Jian-Jun Xue, Chun-Yan Liu
Journal of Electrochemistry
Li_ion secondary batteries negative electrodes were prepared by low temperature (<1 000 ℃) pyrolysis of commercial phenol_formaldhyde resin. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and an X_ray diffraction (XRD) studies were peoformed for the pyrolytic carbonaceous materials. The results indicated that these samples are amorphous polyacenic structure materials. With increasing pyrolytic temperature, these materials become structurally order, and the first charge_discharge special capacities reduce. The specific capacities base on pyrolytic temperature, involving lithium storage nanometer cavities.
Preparation And Characteristics Of A Enzyme Electrode Based On Immobilization Of Tyrosinase In Electropolymerized Polypyrrole Film, Liu-Shui Yan, Qia Wei, Cheng-Yi Wang, Rong-Rong Shi, Xiao-Tong Ma
Preparation And Characteristics Of A Enzyme Electrode Based On Immobilization Of Tyrosinase In Electropolymerized Polypyrrole Film, Liu-Shui Yan, Qia Wei, Cheng-Yi Wang, Rong-Rong Shi, Xiao-Tong Ma
Journal of Electrochemistry
A sensitive and stable amperometric enzyme electrode was constructed, based on the immobilization of tyrosinase in potentiostatically electropolymerized polypyrrole film at a platinum electrode. The influence of pH and potential on immbilization was discussed. SEM micrographs and CV curves of films obtained before and after incorparation of tyrosinase molecular were analyzed and compared each other. The enzyme electrode responds linearly to p-cresol over a concentration range of 5×10 -8 ～1×10 -6 mol/L with an optimum pH of 6.6, It exhibited kinetic characteristics of the typical enzyme-catalyzed reaction with an apparent Michaelis constant of 2.2 ×10 -5 mol/L.
Electrocrystallization Mechanism And Grain Sizes Of Ni-W-B Alloy Eletrodeposits, Fang-Zu Yang, Gang-Min Cao, Xiao Hu, Shu-Kai Xu, Shao-Min Zhou
Electrocrystallization Mechanism And Grain Sizes Of Ni-W-B Alloy Eletrodeposits, Fang-Zu Yang, Gang-Min Cao, Xiao Hu, Shu-Kai Xu, Shao-Min Zhou
Journal of Electrochemistry
The electrodeposition characteristics and grain sizes of Ni_W_B alloy have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic step and X_ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Ni_W_B alloy electrodeposit obtained from the solution containing ammonium citrate as a complexing agent was presented in the lower electrochemical activity compared with Ni_W alloy. Based upon the i～t curves of potentiostatic step, it was revealed that electrocrystallization of Ni_W_B alloy on glassy carbon followed the mechanism of instantaneous nucleation and three dimensional growth with diffusion controlled. The crystal nucleus number on the surface of electrode was raised by the increase of overpotential. According to …
Determination Of Kinetic Parameters Of Enzyme-Immunoelectrode For Sec Assay, Sa-Ying Dong, Xin-Miao Liu, Yuan-Zhi Wang, Guang-Zhang Chen, Ming-Xiang Lv, Bo-Yi Tian
Determination Of Kinetic Parameters Of Enzyme-Immunoelectrode For Sec Assay, Sa-Ying Dong, Xin-Miao Liu, Yuan-Zhi Wang, Guang-Zhang Chen, Ming-Xiang Lv, Bo-Yi Tian
Journal of Electrochemistry
Reaction mechanism of enzyme immunoelectrode is studied by potentiostatic. Rotating disk electrode is used to determine the controlling step of bioelectrode. Under different potentials and different modifying conditions, kinetic parameters of bioelectrodes were measured on the base of electrochemical impendance spectra. At the same time, these parameters are compared and discussed.
The Influence Of Surface Diffusion Of Adsorbed Intermediate On Hydrogen Evolution Reaction At Pt/Nafion Composite Electrodes, Wei-Yi Tu, Lei Su, Wen-Jun Liu, Bing-Liang Wu
The Influence Of Surface Diffusion Of Adsorbed Intermediate On Hydrogen Evolution Reaction At Pt/Nafion Composite Electrodes, Wei-Yi Tu, Lei Su, Wen-Jun Liu, Bing-Liang Wu
Journal of Electrochemistry
The decrease of over_potential of hydrogen evolution reaction at Pt black powder/Nafion microelectrode, comparing that of the Pt microdisk/Nafion electrode, was evident from the polarization curves of the Pt microdisk/Nafion electrode, platinized Pt micrdisk/Nafion electrode and Pt black powder/Nafion microelectrode. It is also evidenced by a plane Pt electrode with an additional free Pt surface. The surface diffusion and the surface recombination reaction of the adsorbed intermediate at the free surface of the Pt particles were supposed. It is an additional reaction path that induced the decrease of the concentration of the adsorbed intermediate. Thereby, the over_potential decreased.