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Articles 7681 - 7710 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Methods To Streamline Laminate Composite Design, Analysis, And Optimization, Ammon Ikaika No Kapono Hepworth
Methods To Streamline Laminate Composite Design, Analysis, And Optimization, Ammon Ikaika No Kapono Hepworth
Theses and Dissertations
Advanced composite materials have seen major market growth in recent years due to their high strength and low weight properties. These materials are often made using a process that creates a composite laminate by stacking several composite layers together. However, the design, analysis and optimization of laminate composite materials are often a labor intensive process when done manually. This thesis discusses CAD independent algorithms that are integrated into commercial CAD tools to streamline these processes. Methods have been developed to automatically create 3D ply geometry for a laminate composite lay-up, streamline the creation of a laminate composite finite element model …
Integrating Engineering And Communication Tools For The Automation Of Design Rationale Capture, Kenneth John Mix
Integrating Engineering And Communication Tools For The Automation Of Design Rationale Capture, Kenneth John Mix
Theses and Dissertations
Product development is continually becoming more challenging as global competition requires more efficient design methods. The reuse of company knowledge, specifically the design rationale that occurs during projects is essential to success. This thesis presents a method for integrating engineering and communication tools for purposes of automating the capture of communication-based design rationale. The method is based on four basic principles: to integrate, to make data retrievable, to minimize user interaction, and to store as much DR as possible. The core method consists of two primary operations, the first being to capture the design rationale, and the second being to …
Multi-Aperture Coherent Change Detection And Interferometry For Synthetic Aperture Radar, David D. Madsen
Multi-Aperture Coherent Change Detection And Interferometry For Synthetic Aperture Radar, David D. Madsen
Theses and Dissertations
Interferometry and coherent change detection (CCD) utilize phase differences between complex SAR images to find terrain height and to detect small changes between images, respectively. A new method for improving interferometry and CCD using multiple sub-apertures is proposed. Using backprojection processing, multiple sub-aperture images are created for a pair of flights. An interferogram and coherence map is made from each sub-aperture. For CCD, each sub-aperture coherence map offers an independent estimate of the coherence over the same area. By combining coherence maps, low coherence areas associated with residual motion errors are reduced, shadowed areas are minimized, and the overall coherence …
Design And Evaluation Of A Humanoid Robot For Autism Therapy, Daniel J. Ricks
Design And Evaluation Of A Humanoid Robot For Autism Therapy, Daniel J. Ricks
Theses and Dissertations
Recent evidence has shown that children with autism may behave more pro-socially when interacting with a robot than with a human. The objective of this research is to develop a robotic system for use in the clinical treatment of children with autism. The governing assumption behind this thesis is that using a robot in a clinic, under the guidance of a trained therapist, may lead to therapeutic benefits that may not be achieved without the presence of the robot. The robot Troy was developed to fulfill such a role in a clinical setting. The primary objective was to design a …
Phase Unwrapping In The Presence Of Strong Turbulence, Casey J. Pellizzari
Phase Unwrapping In The Presence Of Strong Turbulence, Casey J. Pellizzari
Theses and Dissertations
Phase unwrapping in the presence of branch points using a least-squares wave-front reconstructor requires the use of a Postprocessing Congruence Operation (PCO). Branch cuts in the unwrapped phase are altered by the addition of a constant parameter h to the rotational component when applying the PCO. Past research has shown that selecting a value of h which minimizes the proportion of irradiance in the pupil plane adjacent to branch cuts helps to maximize performance of adaptive-optics (AO) systems in strong turbulence. In continuation of this objective, this research focuses on optimizing the PCO while accounting for the cumulative effects of …
Frequency Response And Gain Enhancement Of Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multipliers (Sims), Joshua L. Beutler
Frequency Response And Gain Enhancement Of Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multipliers (Sims), Joshua L. Beutler
Theses and Dissertations
A study of the frequency response and gain of Solid-state the Impact-ionization Multiplier (SIM). The SIM generates current gain via impact ionization also known as avalanche gain. The SIM provides low noise amplification from an arbitrary current source. In the case of this study, current sources consisted of photodiodes optimized for a particular wavelength of light. The SIM is fabricated from silicon and enjoys the low noise, low carrier transit time advantages of conventional silicon impact ionization devices while amplifying current from a photodiode of a different material. This is advantageous because ideal detection and multiplication regions cannot always be …
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Theses and Dissertations
In human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research and applications, the need for a culture system devoid of non-human components is crucial. Such a system should exhibit characteristics observed in conventional culture systems that have used mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders for hPSC self renewal without the requirement of excessive supplementation with growth factors. To achieve this, we focused on the identification and characterization of extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates for hPSC propagation. ECM substrates derived from mouse and human fibroblasts were assessed for their ability to support self-renewal of hPSCs. Characterization of hPSCs on ECM-based substrates demonstrated maintenance of pluripotent characteristics based …
Efficient Rotation Algorithms For Texture Evolution, Mark W. Esty
Efficient Rotation Algorithms For Texture Evolution, Mark W. Esty
Theses and Dissertations
Texture evolution is a vital component of many computational tools that link structure, properties and processes of polycrystalline materials. By definition, this evolution process involves the manipulation, via rotation, of points in orientation space. The computational requirements of the current methods being used to rotate crystalline orientations are a significant limiting factor in the drive to merge the texture information of materials into the engineering design process. The goal of this research is to find and implement a practical rotation algorithm that can significantly decrease the computation time required to rotate macroscopic and microscopic crystallographic textures. Three possible algorithms are …
Controlled Synthesis Of High Quality Carbon Nanotubes And Their Applications In Transparent Conductive Films, Enkeleda Dervishi
Controlled Synthesis Of High Quality Carbon Nanotubes And Their Applications In Transparent Conductive Films, Enkeleda Dervishi
Theses and Dissertations
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptional electrical, mechanical and electronic properties which make them attractive for numerous applications. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (cCVD) is one of the most promising methods for large-scale production of high-quality CNTs at a relatively low cost. Synthesis conditions such as catalyst composition, reaction temperature, hydrocarbon type and flow rate, have an enormous influence on the morphological properties of nanotubes. This research presents a thorough study of the parametric conditions affecting the growth properties of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. High quality single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized on different catalytic systems, using the inductive radio frequency …
Passive Earth Pressures On A Pile Cap With A Dense Sand Backfill, Robert Ashall Marsh
Passive Earth Pressures On A Pile Cap With A Dense Sand Backfill, Robert Ashall Marsh
Theses and Dissertations
Pile groups are often used to provide support for structures. Capping a pile group further adds to the system's resistance due to the passive earth pressure from surrounding backfill. While ultimate passive earth pressure under static loading conditions can be readily calculated using several different theories, the effects of cyclic and dynamic loading on the passive earth pressure response are less understood. Data derived from the full-scale testing of a pile cap system with a densely compacted sand backfill under static, cyclic, and dynamic loadings was analyzed with particular focus on soil pressures measured directly using pressure plates. Based on …
Development Of A Methodology For Numerical Simulation Of A D C Arc Discharge In A Liquid Dielectric, Christopher James Lewis
Development Of A Methodology For Numerical Simulation Of A D C Arc Discharge In A Liquid Dielectric, Christopher James Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
The majority of literature regarding the numerical simulation of arc discharges in gaseous environments has used a plasma physics approach. Virtually all simulations treat the discharge as an idealized gaseous plasma, which can be described by temperature, pressure, and electric field. This approach can work well if the media is a shielding gas such as Argon; however, the approach does not work well for processes such as underwater welding, EDM, and underwater discharges used to generate high purity particles. The reason these discharges do not have many extensive simulation efforts as described in the literature is because they occur in …
Energy Dissipation Caused By Asphalt Roadway Gouges For Use In Accident Reconstruction, Charles L. Crosby
Energy Dissipation Caused By Asphalt Roadway Gouges For Use In Accident Reconstruction, Charles L. Crosby
Theses and Dissertations
In reconstruction of on-roadway vehicle accidents, roadway surface gouges and the forces and energy attributed to the related vehicle components become important keys to resolving an accurate accident reconstruction. These roadway gouge forces vary depending upon such factors as surface temperature and the velocity and geometry of the gouging mechanism. Accounting for the forces applied to vehicle components and the energy dissipated from such forces can be helpful in accident reconstruction where supporting data exists. This research documents the force necessary to create a given roadway gouge geometry. Controlled pavement gouging tests were performed using roadway surface temperature and gouging …
Computational Modeling Of Biochemical Systems Using Cellular Automata, Advait Apte
Computational Modeling Of Biochemical Systems Using Cellular Automata, Advait Apte
Theses and Dissertations
Biological systems exhibit complex behaviors through coordinated responses of individual biological components. With the advent of genome-scale techniques, one focus has been to develop methods to model interactions between components to accurately describe intact system function. Mathematical modeling techniques such as constraint-based modeling, agent-based modeling, cellular automata (CA) modeling and differential equation modeling are employed as computational tools to study biological phenomenon. We have shown that cellular automata simulations can be used as a computational tool for 12 predicting the dynamics of biological systems with stochastic behavior. The basic premise for the research was the observations made during a study …
Decision-Based Data Fusion Of Complementary Features For The Early Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Metin Ahiskali
Decision-Based Data Fusion Of Complementary Features For The Early Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Metin Ahiskali
Theses and Dissertations
As the average life expectancy increases, particularly in developing countries, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia worldwide, has increased dramatically. As there is no cure to stop or reverse the effects of AD, the early diagnosis and detection is of utmost concern. Recent pharmacological advances have shown the ability to slow the progression of AD; however, the efficacy of these treatments is dependent on the ability to detect the disease at the earliest stage possible. Many patients are limited to small community clinics, by geographic and/or financial constraints. Making diagnosis possible at …
Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate By Nanoindentation Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Zouheir Drira
Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate By Nanoindentation Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Zouheir Drira
Theses and Dissertations
Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel based polymers are among the most widely used synthetic materials for biomedical applications. Because of their biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, hydrogels are highly suitable for use as constructs to engineer tissues as well as for cell transplantation. A critical parameter of importance for PEG hydrogels is their mechanical properties which are highly dependent on the environmental conditions. Properties of PEG-based hydrogels can be engineered to resemble scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix molecules, which provide structural support, adhesive sites and mechanical as well as biomechanical signals to most cells. The mechanical properties of these synthetic …
Extending The Strategy Based Risk Model Using The Delphi Method: An Application To The Validation Process For Research And Developmental (R&D) Satellites, Amanda J. Langenbrunner, Mary R. Trautwein
Extending The Strategy Based Risk Model Using The Delphi Method: An Application To The Validation Process For Research And Developmental (R&D) Satellites, Amanda J. Langenbrunner, Mary R. Trautwein
Theses and Dissertations
The validation between a research and developmental satellite and its ground system is critical to ensuring the success on-orbit. However, the exact process for completing validation is not documented, frequently underfunded, and accomplished ad hoc. This leads to debate regarding maintenance of budget and schedule, while ensuring on-orbit success. This thesis examines readiness and on-orbit activities within the U.S. Air Force Space Development and Test Wing's Research Development Test and Evaluation Support Complex. Combining historical data with the consultation of subject matter experts, a validation process was defined. Risks associated with this process were then analyzed using the Strategy Based …
Analyzing Systems Integration Best Practices And Assessment In Dod Space Systems Acquisition, Douglas R. Dillon, Enriqueta M. Styres
Analyzing Systems Integration Best Practices And Assessment In Dod Space Systems Acquisition, Douglas R. Dillon, Enriqueta M. Styres
Theses and Dissertations
Senior leadership of the Air Force's Space and Missile Center suggested an investigation of systems integration within the space acquisition community in the fall of 2008. This thesis performs that investigation. A review concluded that while Systems Integration (SI) is extensively discussed as an area deserving considerable attention in the Systems Engineering literature, definitions are weak and methods and tools non-existent. Known SI activities are not being traced and assessed for adequacy throughout system development. Employing the Space System Acquisition Lifecycle Framework as the environment for this research, a method of characterizing and tracing SI throughout a program‘s lifecycle by …
Discrete Film Cooling In A Rocket With Curved Walls, Jonathan F. Mccall
Discrete Film Cooling In A Rocket With Curved Walls, Jonathan F. Mccall
Theses and Dissertations
This study quantified the effects of discrete wall-based film cooling in a rocket with curved walls. Simulations and experiments showed decreasing with wall radius of curvature, holding jet diameter constant, improves net heat flux reduction (NHFR) and adiabatic effectiveness (η) for 90˚ compound injected cylindrical jets, though η is reduced at the highest curvature. NHFR and η improved further with a high favorable stream-wise pressure gradient (K=2.1x10-5) at all tested blowing ratios, but were affected little by a high density ratio (DR=1.76) using carbon dioxide as the coolant. Experiments were run at a Reynolds number of 31K and …
Oculomotor Control In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, George Gitchel
Oculomotor Control In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, George Gitchel
Theses and Dissertations
There have been few studies investigating the eye movement behavior of Parkinson’s disease patients during fixation. This study objectively measured the eye movements of 36 patients with Parkinson’s disease, and 20 age matched controls. Stimuli consisted of ten standardized text passages first organized by Miller and Coleman. In addition, subjects followed a randomly displaced step jump target motion. Pendular nystagmus was found in all Parkinson’s subjects, with an average frequency of 7.44 Hz. Saccadic peak velocity and duration along the main sequence were not statistically different from controls. A slower rate of reading was also noted in the Parkinson’s group …
Performance Analysis Of Live-Virtual-Constructive And Distributed Virtual Simulations: Defining Requirements In Terms Of Temporal Consistency, Douglas D. Hodson
Performance Analysis Of Live-Virtual-Constructive And Distributed Virtual Simulations: Defining Requirements In Terms Of Temporal Consistency, Douglas D. Hodson
Theses and Dissertations
This research extends the knowledge of live-virtual-constructive (LVC) and distributed virtual simulations (DVS) through a detailed analysis and characterization of their underlying computing architecture. LVCs are characterized as a set of asynchronous simulation applications each serving as both producers and consumers of shared state data. In terms of data aging characteristics, LVCs are found to be first-order linear systems. System performance is quantified via two opposing factors; the consistency of the distributed state space, and the response time or interaction quality of the autonomous simulation applications. A framework is developed that defines temporal data consistency requirements such that the objectives …
Electromagnetic Field Control And Optimization Using Metamaterials, Jeffrey S. Mcguirk
Electromagnetic Field Control And Optimization Using Metamaterials, Jeffrey S. Mcguirk
Theses and Dissertations
Transformation optics has shown the ability to cloak an object from incident electromagnetic radiation is possible. However, the material parameters are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and, in some instances, singular at various locations. In order for a cloak to be practically realized, simplified parameter sets are required. However, the simplified parameters result in a degradation in the cloaking function. Constitutive parameters for simplified two-dimensional cylindrical cloaks have been developed with two material property constraints. It was initially believed satisfying these two constraints would result in the simplified cylindrical cloaks having the same wave equation as an ideal cloak. Because of this error, …
A Physical Model Of Human Skin And Its Application For Search And Rescue, Abel S. Nunez
A Physical Model Of Human Skin And Its Application For Search And Rescue, Abel S. Nunez
Theses and Dissertations
For this research we created a human skin reflectance model in the VIS and NIR. We then modeled sensor output for an RGB sensor based on output from the skin reflectance model. The model was also used to create a skin detection algorithm and a skin pigmentation level (skin reflectance at 685nm) estimation algorithm. The average root mean square error across the VIS and NIR between the skin reflectance model and measured data was 2%. The skin reflectance model then allowed us to generate qualitatively accurate responses for an RGB sensor for different biological and lighting conditions. To test the …
Investigation Into Contact Resistance And Damage Of Metal Contacts Used In Rf-Mems Switches, Kevin W. Gilbert
Investigation Into Contact Resistance And Damage Of Metal Contacts Used In Rf-Mems Switches, Kevin W. Gilbert
Theses and Dissertations
This research examines the physical and electrical processes involved in lifecycle failure of Microelectromechanical (MEMS) Radio-Frequency (RF) cantilever beam ohmic contact switches. Failures of these switches generally occur at the contact, but complete details of performance of microcontacts are difficult to measure and have not been previously reported. This study investigated the mechanics of microcontact behavior by designing and constructing a novel experimental setup. Three representative contact materials of varying microstructure (Au, Au5%Ru, Au4%V2O5) were tested and parameters of contact during cycling were measured. The Au4%V2O5, a dispersion strengthened material developed at …
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Sic/Sic Composite At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Steam, Devon T. Christensen
Fatigue Behavior Of An Advanced Sic/Sic Composite At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Steam, Devon T. Christensen
Theses and Dissertations
The fatigue behavior of an advanced Silicon Carbide/Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was investigated at 1200 ˚C in laboratory air and in steam environments. The composite consisted of a SiC matrix reinforced with Boron Nitride (BN) coated Hi-Nicalon fibers woven into eight-harness-satin (8HS) weave plies. Tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile properties were also evaluated at 1200 ˚C. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted in both laboratory air and in steam at 1200 ˚C at frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 1.0 Hz, and 10 Hz. The tension-tension fatigue tests had a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R = …
Flow Visualization Study Of Passive Flow Control Features On A Film-Cooled Turbine Blade Leading Edge, Daniel R. Carroll
Flow Visualization Study Of Passive Flow Control Features On A Film-Cooled Turbine Blade Leading Edge, Daniel R. Carroll
Theses and Dissertations
A flow visualization study was conducted on a model of a film-cooled turbine blade leading edge in a closed-loop water channel at ReD = 30k. The model consisted of an 8.89 cm diameter half-cylinder with flat afterbody joined at the ninety degree point. A single radial coolant hole (dc / D = 0.054) drilled 21.5° from the stagnation line, angled 20° to the surface and 90° to the flow direction generated a coolant jet transverse to the freestream. Water channel testing assessed the hydrodynamic effects of 16 passive flow control features, to include a variety of …
Tailored Systems Architecture For Design Of Space Science And Technology Missions Using Dodaf V2.0, Nicholas J. Merski
Tailored Systems Architecture For Design Of Space Science And Technology Missions Using Dodaf V2.0, Nicholas J. Merski
Theses and Dissertations
The use of systems architecture, following a set of integrated descriptions from an architecture framework, has been well codified in Department of Defense acquisition and systems engineering. However, in the Space Science and Technology (S&T) community, this guidance and practice is not commonly adopted. This paper outlines an approach to leverage the changes made in DoD Architecture Framework 2.0 (DoDAF2.0), and the renewed emphasis on data and support to acquisition decision analysis. After decomposing the Space S&T design lifecycle into phases, design milestones and activities using process models, a set of DoDAF prescribed and Fit-for-Purpose views are constructed into a …
Heat And Current Propagation In Buffered Superconducting And Hyper-Conducting Wire, Jesse L. Lynn
Heat And Current Propagation In Buffered Superconducting And Hyper-Conducting Wire, Jesse L. Lynn
Theses and Dissertations
This research models and analyzes the distribution of heat and current in a buffered superconducting or hyper-conducting wire that shows potential for use in different capacities in multiple Air Force systems including the Active Denial System. The thesis includes a brief background of the reaction-diffusion system of partial differential equations provided by AFRL/RZPG and development of the numerical scheme. It then explores solutions to the model. These solutions indicate some of the various heat-related failures that may be observed in such a wire. The nature of the solutions observed depends on the characteristics of the wire, operating temperature and efficiency …
Laser-Induced Fluorescence And Synthetic Jet Fuel Analysis In The Ultra Compact Combustor, Aaron C. Drenth
Laser-Induced Fluorescence And Synthetic Jet Fuel Analysis In The Ultra Compact Combustor, Aaron C. Drenth
Theses and Dissertations
The Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) is currently under investigation at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and Air Force Research Laboratory’s Propulsion Directorate. The combustor is a small-scale, axi-symmetric, atmospheric pressure, laboratory combustor with an outer circumferential cavity in which the flame is stabilized by a highly accelerated swirled flow. UCCs will enable aero gas turbine reheat cycle engines and significantly shorten conventional aero gas turbine engines. The experiments of this work utilized the AFIT small-scale combustion diagnostics facility, investigating a sector model of the UCC. The research objectives were to perform an addition to the COAL lab laser diagnostic …
Flow Measurements Using Particle Image Velocimetry In The Ultra Compact Combustor, Levi M. Thomas
Flow Measurements Using Particle Image Velocimetry In The Ultra Compact Combustor, Levi M. Thomas
Theses and Dissertations
Velocity measurements were performed using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique on the Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) test rig at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Velocity patterns and time-averaged turbulence statistics were calculated for data taken with the UCC burning hydrogen fuel in the straight cavity vane and curved cavity vane configurations. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.7 to 1.5, while the ratio of cavity air to main air was varied from 5% to 20% in testing performed on the straight vane configuration. Spanwise velocity was observed to decrease linearly with distance from the cavity vane over …
Studies On The Performance And Impact Of Channel Estimation In Mimo And Ofdm Systems, Michael David Larsen
Studies On The Performance And Impact Of Channel Estimation In Mimo And Ofdm Systems, Michael David Larsen
Theses and Dissertations
The need for reliable, high-throughput, mobile wireless communication technologies has never been greater as increases in the demand for on-the-go access to information, entertainment, and other electronic services continues. Two such technologies, which are at the forefront of current research efforts, are orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, their union being known simply as MIMO-OFDM. The successful performance of these technologies depends upon the availability of accurate information concerning the wireless communication channel. In this dissertation, several issues related to quality of this channel state information (CSI) are studied. Specifically, the first part of this dissertation …