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Articles 7441 - 7470 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Development Of A Flexible Fpga-Based Platform For Flight Control System Research, Robert Demott
Development Of A Flexible Fpga-Based Platform For Flight Control System Research, Robert Demott
Theses and Dissertations
This work is part of ongoing research conducted at Virginia Commonwealth University relating to unmanned aerial vehicles. The primary objective of this thesis was to develop a flexible, high-performance autopilot platform in order to facilitate research on advanced flight control algorithms. A dual FPGA-based system architecture utilizing a stacked, multi-board design was created to meet this goal. Processing tasks were split between the two FPGA devices, allowing for improved system timing and increased throughput. A combination of analog and digital filtering techniques were employed in the new system, resulting in enhanced sensor accuracy and precision compared to the previous generation …
Automated Tool Design For Complex Free-Form Components, Kevin G. Foster
Automated Tool Design For Complex Free-Form Components, Kevin G. Foster
Theses and Dissertations
In today's competitive manufacturing industries, companies strive to reduce manufacturing development costs and lead times in hopes of reducing costs and capturing more market share from early release of their new or redesigned products. Tooling lead time constraints are some of the more significant challenges facing product development of advanced free-form components. This is especially true for complex designs in which large dies, molds or other large forming tools are required. The lead time for tooling, in general, consists of three main components; material acquisition, tool design and engineering, and tool manufacturing. Lead times for material acquisition and tool manufacture …
Digital Implementation Of A True Random Number Generator, Sam Mitchum
Digital Implementation Of A True Random Number Generator, Sam Mitchum
Theses and Dissertations
Random numbers are important for gaming, simulation and cryptography. Random numbers have been generated using analog circuitry. Two problems exist with using analog circuits in a digital design: (1) analog components require an analog circuit designer to insure proper structure and functionality and (2) analog components are not easily transmigrated into a different fabrication technology. This paper proposes a class of random number generators that are constructed using only digital components and typical digital design methodology. The proposed classification is called divergent path since the path of generated numbers through the range of possible values diverges at every sampling. One …
Numerical Simulation Of Underground Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Marshall Sweet
Numerical Simulation Of Underground Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Marshall Sweet
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Department of Energy indicates that 97% of all homes in the US use fossil fuels either directly or indirectly for space heating. In 2005, space heating in residential homes was responsible for releasing approximately 502 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the Sun provides the Earth with 1000 watts per square meter of power everyday. This document discusses the research of modeling a system that will capture and store solar energy during the summer for use during the following winter. Specifically, flat plate solar thermal collectors attached to the roof of a single …
Minimizing Base Column Demands In Multi-Story Buckling Restrained Braced Frames Using Genetic Algorithms, Christopher Hiroshi Yeates
Minimizing Base Column Demands In Multi-Story Buckling Restrained Braced Frames Using Genetic Algorithms, Christopher Hiroshi Yeates
Theses and Dissertations
Most structural optimization procedures focus on minimizing the total volume of steel in an attempt to reduce overall costs. However, many other factors can have an effect on the overall cost of a structure. Base column demands in particular, can affect base plate sizes, anchorage, and foundation design. Researchers have found that present methods for estimating column demands are too conservative. Nonlinear time history analyzes were conducted on buckling-restrained braced frames of six heights. Optimized results were found considering three ductility constraints and two optimization objectives. The two optimization objectives were minimized total brace area and minimized base column demands. …
A Flexible Context Architecture For A Multi-User Gui, Yue Xu
A Flexible Context Architecture For A Multi-User Gui, Yue Xu
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on the design and development of a flexible context architecture for a multi-user GUI that serves several users engaged in collaborative computer-aided applications (CAx). The objective of this thesis is to extend previous research into multi-user GUI's by providing multiple users with a flexible context interface for interaction with other users working on the same part at distributed locations. The investigation will consider how distributed users, through user interfaces, interact to simultaneously build models and how interaction context might be presented to regulate the way they wish to interact. The implementation integrates a Multi-User GUI (MUG) with …
Investigation Of Mechanical Differentials As Continuously Variable Transmissions, Dax B. Wells
Investigation Of Mechanical Differentials As Continuously Variable Transmissions, Dax B. Wells
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years the increasing demand for fuel efficient and less pollutant vehicles has stimulated the development of hybrid and electric vehicles. These vehicle platforms often incorporate drivetrains which utilize multiple power sources for vehicle propulsion in an effort to increase fuel mileage and reduce emissions. Coupling multiple power sources, such as an internal combustion engine and electric motor(s), has new challenges in drivetrain design. Understanding the torque and rpm relationships within the power transmission device used to combine power sources is fundamental to overcoming the design challenges associated with hybrid and electric vehicle platforms. Results from this research include …
Liquefaction Mitigation In Silty Sands At Salmon Lake Dam Using Stone Columns And Wick Drains, Emily Dibb Thiriot
Liquefaction Mitigation In Silty Sands At Salmon Lake Dam Using Stone Columns And Wick Drains, Emily Dibb Thiriot
Theses and Dissertations
Stone columns are an established method of liquefaction mitigation in clean sands (fines content <15%). Although stone columns are considered less effective in silty soils, an increase in the area replacement ratio or the addition of wick drains may still produce improvement in the normalized blow count. Limited case histories are available with a direct comparison of the use of stone columns with and without wick drains at one location. The Salmon Lake Dam Modification project provided such a scenario. Two test sections were completed at the site prior to construction to determine the area replacement ratio for the final design as well as to compare the application of stone columns with and without wick drains. Visual observations of water and air escaping from wick drains within a distance of 15 ft of the stone column construction confirmed that drains aided in pore pressure dissipation. Test results indicated that stone column treatment with wick drains produced greater improvement in blow count than stone column treatment without drains. For the overall site, there was an increase in improvement ranging from 3 to 8 SPT blow counts. When compared to the results of a similar evaluation of a site in Ogden, Utah, which had a comparable fines content and an area replacement ratio of 26%, the increase in stone column effectiveness produced by adding wick drains was lower at the Salmon Lake Dam site. The increase in improvement at the Ogden, Utah site ranged from 12 to 18 SPT blow counts. At the Ogden site, wick drains were placed between every stone column while they were only placed between vertical rows of columns at Salmon Lake dam. Despite the beneficial effects provided by using wick drains with stone column treatment in silty soils, the performance was below what would be expected for stone column treatment without wick drains in clean sands with less than 15% fines. Stone column treatment also proved less effective in layers of sandy silt than in layers of silty sand, which was indicated by lower average improvement and more points of negative improvement in layers of sandy silt. Although several different area replacement ratios were analyzed (23, 27, 31, and 35%), no consistent trend towards greater improvement in blow count was seen as the replacement ratio increased beyond 23%.
Dual-Scale Modeling Of Two-Phase Fluid Transport In Fibrous Porous Media, Alireza Ashari
Dual-Scale Modeling Of Two-Phase Fluid Transport In Fibrous Porous Media, Alireza Ashari
Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this research is to develop a mathematical framework that could be used to model or predict the rate of fluid absorption and release in fibrous sheets made up of solid or porous fibers. In the first step, a two-scale two-phase modeling methodology is developed for studying fluid release from saturated/unsaturated thin fibrous media made up of solid fibers when brought in contact with a moving solid surface. Our macroscale model is based on the Richards’ equation for two-phase fluid transport in porous media. The required constitutive relationships, capillary pressure and relative permeability as functions of the …
Lean Manufacturing As A Source Of Competitive Advantage, Ryan Scott Williams
Lean Manufacturing As A Source Of Competitive Advantage, Ryan Scott Williams
Theses and Dissertations
The productivity advances generated from lean manufacturing are self-evident. Plants that adopt lean are more capable of achieving high levels of quality, shorter lead times, and less waste in the system. While it seems logical that higher levels of productivity and quality, as is common in lean companies, should result in positive financial performance, the research community has failed to establish the financial profitability of lean. Those researchers who have studied the financial returns issue report varying results. The goal of this research was to determine if a connection exists between lean and financial success and to discover why so …
Understanding The Economics Of Transportation In Utah, Jeremy E. Searle
Understanding The Economics Of Transportation In Utah, Jeremy E. Searle
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the economic impacts of transportation projects in Utah is essential for decision makers, officials, and stakeholders as they determine the best course of action for the state. Economic impacts can guide decisions of future projects and help explain past economic fluctuations. This study develops a process that can be used to identify the economic impacts of transportation projects in Utah and quantify the relationship between transportation and these impacts. Accomplishing the objectives of this study are a product of: 1) performing a comprehensive literature review, 2) collecting data and establishing analysis methods, 3) completing a statistical analysis and breakdown …
Straightness Of Growth For Carbon Nanotube Microelectromechanical Systems, Kellen S. Moulton
Straightness Of Growth For Carbon Nanotube Microelectromechanical Systems, Kellen S. Moulton
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of iron catalyst thickness on the straightness of growth of carbon nanotube microelectromechanical systems (CNT-MEMS). One of the key benefits of CNT-MEMS is that they can potentially have very high aspect ratios. One of the challenges in attaining these high aspect ratios is maintaining device straightness; as these devices get taller, the edges tend to curve rather than grow straight vertically. Scanning electron mi- croscope images of samples grown using various iron catalyst thicknesses show that both straight growth and relatively good edge definition can be achieved using iron thicknesses …
Improved Measurement And Separation Techniques For Interior Near-Field Acoustical Holography, Zachary A. Collins
Improved Measurement And Separation Techniques For Interior Near-Field Acoustical Holography, Zachary A. Collins
Theses and Dissertations
Recent advances in near-field acoustical holography (NAH) have expanded the theory to interior spaces where multiple sources and/or reflections are present. In 1990, Tamura presented the spatial Fourier transform separation method to measure the reflection coefficient at oblique angles using two measurement planes in the wave number domain. This paper adapts the spatial Fourier transform separation method for application in interior NAH. A practical exploration of important experimental parameters is performed, which include the relative amplitudes of primary and disturbing sources, the measurement plane separation distance, and an acceptable noise floor. This technique is successfully applied in a reverberant environment …
An Onboard Vision System For Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Guidance, Barrett Bruce Edwards
An Onboard Vision System For Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Guidance, Barrett Bruce Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
The viability of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a stable platform for specific application use has been significantly advanced in recent years. Initial focus of lightweight UAV development was to create a craft capable of stable and controllable flight. This is largely a solved problem. Currently, the field has progressed to the point that unmanned aircraft can be carried in a backpack, launched by hand, weigh only a few pounds and be capable of navigating through unrestricted airspace. The most basic use of a UAV is to visually observe the environment and use that information to influence decision making. …
Effectiveness Of Compacted Fill And Rammed Aggregate Piers For Increasing Lateral Resistance Of Pile Foundations, Nathan A. Lemme
Effectiveness Of Compacted Fill And Rammed Aggregate Piers For Increasing Lateral Resistance Of Pile Foundations, Nathan A. Lemme
Theses and Dissertations
Compacted fill and rammed aggregate piers (RAPs) were separately installed adjacent to a 9-ft by 9-ft by 2.5-ft driven pile foundation founded in soft clay. The compacted fill used to laterally reinforce an area of 11 ft by 5 ft by 6 ft deep adjacent to the pile cap was clean concrete sand. The thirty-inch diameter RAPs were installed in three staggered rows to a depth of 12.5 ft below the ground surface adjacent to the pile cap to test the increase in lateral resistance afforded by their installation. The foundation was laterally loaded and load, displacement, and strain readings …
Mimo Channel Spatial Covariance Estimation: Analysis Using A Closed-Form Model, Yanling Yang
Mimo Channel Spatial Covariance Estimation: Analysis Using A Closed-Form Model, Yanling Yang
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems allow increased spectral efficiency and therefore promise significant improvement in performance. However, because of the rapid variation in channel state information (CSI) in networks with mobile nodes or scatterers, it is difficult both to maintain high communication performance and to create channel models that effectively represent the time-varying behavior of the channels. The spatial covariance of the MIMO channel describes the average power gain on each transmit-receive antenna pair as well as the correlation between the complex link gains and thus provides critical information for understanding the performance of the system and for creating …
A Framework Based On Gaussian Mixture Models And Kalman Filters For The Segmentation And Tracking Of Anomalous Events In Shipboard Video, Ben Wenger
Theses and Dissertations
Anomalous indications in monitoring equipment on board U.S. Navy vessels must be handled in a timely manner to prevent catastrophic system failure. The development of sensor data analysis techniques to assist a ship's crew in monitoring machinery and summon required ship-to-shore assistance is of considerable benefit to the Navy. In addition, the Navy has a large interest in the development of distance support technology in its ongoing efforts to reduce manning on ships. In this thesis, algorithms have been developed for the detection of anomalous events that can be identified from the analysis of monochromatic stationary ship surveillance video streams. …
High-Pressure And High-Temperature Density Measurements Of N-Pentane, N-Octane, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, Cyclooctane, N-Decane, And Toluene, Yue Wu
Theses and Dissertations
Information on the density of hydrocarbons at high pressures and temperatures is of great importance in many fields, such as the study of ultra-deep reservoirs up to ~240 MPa and 250°C. However, density data at such high pressures and temperatures are often not available in the literature. In this study, experimental densities are reported for n-pentane, n-octane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclooctane, n-decane, and toluene to ~280 MPa and ~250°C. These experimental densities are in good agreement with available literature data, although the literature data for many of these fluids do not extend to the pressures and temperatures utilized in this study.
Design Principles And Preliminary Actuation Approaches For Novel Multiple-Layer Lamina Emergent Mechanisms, Paul Shumway Gollnick
Design Principles And Preliminary Actuation Approaches For Novel Multiple-Layer Lamina Emergent Mechanisms, Paul Shumway Gollnick
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple-layer Lamina Emergent Mechanisms (MLEMs) are mechanisms made from multiple sheets (lamina) of material with motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. This study has shown that understanding how layers are used in existing products and in nature provides insight into how MLEMs can also use layers to achieve certain tasks. The multi-layered nature of MLEMs and the interactions between these layers are what enhance the capabilities of MLEMs and allow them to better meet design objectives. Layer separation is one objective for which MLEMs are well-suited. Layer separation can have a variety of applications and there are a …
Search Pattern Generation And Path Management For Search Over Rough Terrain With A Small Uav, Jacob L. Bishop
Search Pattern Generation And Path Management For Search Over Rough Terrain With A Small Uav, Jacob L. Bishop
Theses and Dissertations
Search operations can be described by the interaction between three entities: the target, the sensor, and the environment. Past treatments of the search problem have focused primarily on the interaction between the sensor and the target. The effects that the environment has on the target and sensor have been greatly simplified or ignored completely. The wilderness search and rescue scenario is one case in which these interactions cannot be safely ignored. Using the wilderness search and rescue problem as our motivating example, we develop an algorithm for planning search paths for a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over rough terrain …
Application Of An Inverse-Hysteresis Iterative Control Algorithm For Afm Fabrication, Seth Ashley
Application Of An Inverse-Hysteresis Iterative Control Algorithm For Afm Fabrication, Seth Ashley
Theses and Dissertations
An iterative control algorithm (ICA) which uses an approximate inverse-hysteresis model is implemented to compensate for hysteresis to precisely fabricate features on a soft polymer substrate using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM is an important instrument in micro/nanotechnology because of its ability to interrogate, manipulate, and fabricate objects at the micro/nanoscale. The AFM uses a piezoelectric actuator to position an AFM-probe tip relative to the sample surface in three dimensions. In particular, precision lateral control of the AFM-probe tip relative to the sample surface is needed to ensure high-performance operation of the AFM. However, precision lateral positioning of …
Effects Of Thermal Gradient And Fines Content On Frost Heave Of An Alaska Base Material, Adam Ray Homewood
Effects Of Thermal Gradient And Fines Content On Frost Heave Of An Alaska Base Material, Adam Ray Homewood
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of thermal gradient and fines content and the interaction between these two factors on the frost heave characteristics of a typical Alaska base material. The laboratory frost heave testing involved one type of aggregate base material, three thermal gradients, and three fines contents in a full-factorial experimental design with two replicates. The aggregate was classified in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials soil classification system as A-1-a; the thermal gradients were 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 ºC/cm; and the fines contents were 6, 8, and 10 percent. After …
Perpetual Exploration Of Relational Information And Enhanced Star Glyphs For Multi-Source Data Visualization, Andrew Crowell
Perpetual Exploration Of Relational Information And Enhanced Star Glyphs For Multi-Source Data Visualization, Andrew Crowell
Theses and Dissertations
Information Visualization is an area of research concerned with the presentation of abstract data in a visual format. It has many diverse applications in fields of software engineering, information sciences, biology, chemistry, and medical, among others. This thesis is primarily concerned with the application of information visualization to the display of directed graphs and to the display of multivariate data for analysis. Two novel applications will be presented that are both advancements in the field of information visualization. The first application applies to the visualization and navigation of large or infinite graphs and networks. The quality of a graph drawing …
Handling External Events Efficiently In Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, Brad Geltz
Handling External Events Efficiently In Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, Brad Geltz
Theses and Dissertations
Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA) provides an elegant simulation approach for simulating models composed of coupled chemical reactions. Although this approach can be used to describe a wide variety biological, chemical, and ecological systems, often systems have external behaviors that are difficult or impossible to characterize using chemical reactions alone. This work extends the applicability of the SSA by adding mechanisms for the inclusion of external events and external triggers. We define events as changes that occur in the system at a specified time while triggers are defined as changes that occur to the system when a particular condition is …
Study Of Load Transfer Efficiency Of Airfield Rigid Pavement Joints Based On Stresses And Deflections, Ashish Wadkar
Study Of Load Transfer Efficiency Of Airfield Rigid Pavement Joints Based On Stresses And Deflections, Ashish Wadkar
Theses and Dissertations
The concept of joint load transfer efficiency is very important and fundamental to Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) airfield rigid pavement thickness design procedures. The FAA procedure assumes 25% of stress applied to the edge is transferred to the adjoining slab. Moreover, since it is not convenient or practical to measure stress-based load transfer efficiency [LTE (S)], field measurement of load transfer efficiency includes computation of the ratio of unloaded slab deflection to loaded slab deflection. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) generally serves the purpose of measurement of deflection-based load transfer efficiency [LTE (6)]. The true load transfer is defined by stress …
Scatterometer Contamination Mitigation, Michael Paul Owen
Scatterometer Contamination Mitigation, Michael Paul Owen
Theses and Dissertations
Microwave scatterometers, which use radar backscatter measurements to infer the near-surface wind vector, are unique in their ability to monitor global wind vectors at high resolutions. However, scatterometer observations which are contaminated by land proximity or rain events produce wind estimates which have increased bias and variability, making them unreliable for many applications. Fortunately, the effects of these sources of contamination can be mitigated. Land contamination of backscatter measurements occurs when land partially fills the antenna illumination area. This reduces and masks the wind-induced backscatter signal. Land contamination is mitigated by quantifying the amount of contamination in a single observation …
Fetal Breathing Movement And Its Distinctive Characteristics In Bio-Magnetic Data, Umit Deniz Ulusar
Fetal Breathing Movement And Its Distinctive Characteristics In Bio-Magnetic Data, Umit Deniz Ulusar
Theses and Dissertations
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is widely used to study magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of the human brain and can also be applied for fetal neurological health assessment. The fetal MEG (fMEG) signals are often contaminated with other bio-magnetic signals such as fetal breathing movement (FBM), which acts as an interfering factor for fetal neurological signals. This study was carried out to identify the bio-magnetic signals pertinent to the FBM. The fMEG signals were captured using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and the FBMs were recorded by an ultrasound-based video technique. The simultaneous recording is challenging since SQUIDs are extremely …
Signal Detection Framework Using Semantic Text Mining Techniques, Sithu D. Sudarsan
Signal Detection Framework Using Semantic Text Mining Techniques, Sithu D. Sudarsan
Theses and Dissertations
Signal detection is a challenging task for regulatory and intelligence agencies. Subject matter experts in those agencies analyze documents, generally containing narrative text in a time bound manner for signals by identification, evaluation and confirmation, leading to follow-up action e.g., recalling a defective product or public advisory for potential flu outbreak. Technical challenges to achieve effective signal detection include mining unstructured data, increasing document collections, and presence of multi-domain vocabulary. Lack of annotation and multi-domain vocabulary makes traditional semantic web mining ineffective. Use of heuristics to enhance bag-of-words type text mining to semantic text mining is a novel idea attempted …
Developing Intelligent Engineering Collaboration Tools Through The Use Of Design Rationale, Jordan David Ryskamp
Developing Intelligent Engineering Collaboration Tools Through The Use Of Design Rationale, Jordan David Ryskamp
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents a new method that improves upon the existing approaches to developing collaborative tools. The new method uses automatically inferred and manually recorded design rationale to intelligently filter the information that is shared by a collaborative tool. This represents an improvement upon the existing state of the art in collaborative engineering tools. To demonstrate the viability of the method three collaborative tools were created. The first is a multi-user collaborative design environment tool named SimulPart and built upon the NX CAD package. SimulPart uses the new method to limit the amount of communication required to keep every user …
Reputation-Based Internet Protocol Security: A Multilayer Security Framework For Mobil Ad Hoc Networks, Timothy H. Lacey
Reputation-Based Internet Protocol Security: A Multilayer Security Framework For Mobil Ad Hoc Networks, Timothy H. Lacey
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort examines the theory, application, and results for a Reputation-based Internet Protocol Security (RIPSec) framework that provides security for an ad-hoc network operating in a hostile environment. In RIPSec, protection from external threats is provided in the form of encrypted communication links and encryption-wrapped nodes while internal threats are mitigated by behavior grading that assigns reputations to nodes based on their demonstrated participation in the routing process. Network availability is provided by behavior grading and round-robin multipath routing. If a node behaves faithfully, it earns a positive reputation over time. If a node misbehaves (for any number of …