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Articles 7171 - 7200 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Expanding Lamina Emergent Mechanism (Lem) Capabilities: Spherical Lems, Lem Joints, And Lem Applications, Samuel E. Wilding
Expanding Lamina Emergent Mechanism (Lem) Capabilities: Spherical Lems, Lem Joints, And Lem Applications, Samuel E. Wilding
Theses and Dissertations
Lamina Emergent Mechanisms (LEMs) are a class of compliant mechanisms that can be manufactured from sheet goods and possess motion out of the plane of fabrication. LEMs can be designed to perform sophisticated motions. This thesis expands LEM understanding and increases the ability to utilize them in applications by introducing the fundamentals of spherical LEMs, creating joints suitable for LEMs, and providing an example of a LEM application. In this thesis, the fundamentals of spherical LEMs are developed. This includes classification of all possible spherical 4R LEMs and a discussion of the motion characteristics of the various mechanisms. The motion …
Comparison Of Analysis And Optimization Methods For Core-Megacolumn-Outrigger Skyscrapers, James B. Peterson
Comparison Of Analysis And Optimization Methods For Core-Megacolumn-Outrigger Skyscrapers, James B. Peterson
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research is to compare performance of three analysis methods and three optimization methods for core-megacolumn-outrigger, or CMO skyscrapers. The three analysis methods include a 1D stick analysis, 2D frame analysis, and 3D finite element analysis. The three optimization methods include a trial and error optimization, optimality criteria optimization, and genetic algorithm. Each of these methods was compared by applying an example CMO skyscraper. The 1D stick analysis proved to be the most accurate when compared with the 3D finite element results. The genetic algorithm was recommended as the best optimization method in this research. The 1D …
Analytical Comparison Of Multimicrophone Probes In Measuring Acoustic Intensity, Curtis P. Wiederhold
Analytical Comparison Of Multimicrophone Probes In Measuring Acoustic Intensity, Curtis P. Wiederhold
Theses and Dissertations
In the late 1970s, a method was developed to estimate acoustic intensity in one dimension by taking the cross-spectral density of two closely-spaced microphone signals. Since then, multimicrophone probes have been developed to measure three-dimensional intensity as well as energy density. Their usefulness has led to the design of various types of multimicrophone probes, the most common being the four-microphone orthogonal, the four-microphone regular tetrahedron, and the six-microphone designs. These designs generally either consist of microphones suspended in space near each other or mounted on the surface of a sphere. This work analytically compares the relative merits of each probe …
Influence Of Subglottic Geometry On Computational And Synthetic Vocal Fold Model Vibration, Simeon L. Smith
Influence Of Subglottic Geometry On Computational And Synthetic Vocal Fold Model Vibration, Simeon L. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The voice plays a vital role in human communication. The purpose of voice research is to advance the understanding of voice production physics, with the ultimate goal of leading to improved voice care. In this research computational and synthetic vocal fold models were used to explore the role of subglottal geometry in vocal fold vibration. Three specific studies were performed. First, the effect of the inferior vocal fold surface angle on voice production was investigated using a two-dimensional self-oscillating finite element vocal fold model. Varying the inferior angle resulted in significant changes to model vibratory motion, glottal width, flow rate, …
Smb-Interp: An N-Th Order Accurate, Distributed Interpolation Library, Stephen Mardson Mcquay
Smb-Interp: An N-Th Order Accurate, Distributed Interpolation Library, Stephen Mardson Mcquay
Theses and Dissertations
The research contained herein yielded an open source interpolation library implemented in and designed for use with the Python programming language. This library, named smbinterp, provides an interpolation to an arbitrary degree of accuracy. The library is parametric in that is can take input from the user to adjust the underlying interpolation mechanism. The characteristics and behavior of the library according to the adjustment of these parameters is presented herein, as well as the results of a mesh resolution study depicting the accuracy obtained by the library. The smbinterp library was designed with parallel computing environments in mind. The library …
Flow-Induced Responses Of Normal, Bowed, And Augmented Synthetic Vocal Fold Models, Preston Roylance Murray
Flow-Induced Responses Of Normal, Bowed, And Augmented Synthetic Vocal Fold Models, Preston Roylance Murray
Theses and Dissertations
The voice is the primary mode of communication for humans. Because the voice is so important, voice disorders tend to severely diminish quality of life. A better understanding of the physics of voice production can help to improve treatment of voice disorders. For this thesis research a self-oscillating synthetic vocal fold model was developed, compared with previous synthetic vocal fold models, and used to explore the physical effects of augmentation injections on vibration dynamics. The research was conducted in two stages. First, four vocal fold models were evaluated by quantifying onset pressure, frequency, maximum glottal gap, flow rate, and medial …
Achieving Grid Parity For Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems In New Jersey, Ulrich Schwabe
Achieving Grid Parity For Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems In New Jersey, Ulrich Schwabe
Theses and Dissertations
With photovoltaic (PV) power systems becoming ever more prevalent in today's world, it is an inevitability that this renewable energy technology becomes more competitive from a price standpoint. Explored in this thesis are several engineering optimization and cost reduction methods that will enable large scale PV system costs to achieve grid parity in the next few years without requiring government subsidies or market support techniques. This research included actual data from numerous real world, large scale photovoltaic projects the author engineered in the northeastern United States and is informed by those design optimizations, best practice guidelines for proper photovoltaic system …
Tailoring The Spectral Transmission Of Optofluidic Waveguides, Brian S. Phillips
Tailoring The Spectral Transmission Of Optofluidic Waveguides, Brian S. Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
Optofluidics is a relatively new and exciting field that includes the integration of optical waveguides into microfluidic platforms. The purpose of this field of study is to miniaturize previously developed optical systems used for biological and chemical analysis with the end goal of placing bench-top optics into microscopic packages. Mundane optical alignment and sample manipulation procedures would then be intrinsic to the platform and allow measurements to be completed quickly and with reduced human interaction. Biosensors based on AntiResonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides (ARROWs) consist of hollow-core waveguides used for fluid sample manipulation and analysis, as well as solid-core waveguides used …
Collaborative Products: A Design Methodology With Application To Engineering-Based Poverty Alleviation, Jacob S. Morrise
Collaborative Products: A Design Methodology With Application To Engineering-Based Poverty Alleviation, Jacob S. Morrise
Theses and Dissertations
Collaborative products are created when physical components from two or more products are temporarily recombined to form another product capable of performing entirely new tasks. The method for designing collaborative products is useful in developing products with reduced cost, weight, and size. These reductions are valued in the developing world because collaborative products have a favorable task-per-cost ratio. In this paper, a method for designing collaborative products is introduced. The method identifies a set of products capable of being recombined into a collaborative product. These products are then designed to allow for this recombination. Three examples are provided to illustrate …
Efficient, Accurate, And Non-Gaussian Error Propagation Through Nonlinear, Closed-Form, Analytical System Models, Travis V. Anderson
Efficient, Accurate, And Non-Gaussian Error Propagation Through Nonlinear, Closed-Form, Analytical System Models, Travis V. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
Uncertainty analysis is an important part of system design. The formula for error propagation through a system model that is most-often cited in literature is based on a first-order Taylor series. This formula makes several important assumptions and has several important limitations that are often ignored. This thesis explores these assumptions and addresses two of the major limitations. First, the results obtained from propagating error through nonlinear systems can be wrong by one or more orders of magnitude, due to the linearization inherent in a first-order Taylor series. This thesis presents a method for overcoming that inaccuracy that is capable …
Development Of A Multiple Vehicle Collaborative Unmanned Aerial System, Lloyd B. Mize Iv
Development Of A Multiple Vehicle Collaborative Unmanned Aerial System, Lloyd B. Mize Iv
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to design a multiple UAV system with collaborative operation. This project is built on work that has been done in the field of Unmanned Systems at VCU and is aimed at providing a starting point for research into collaborative control of multiple UAVs. The current GCS software was extended to include multiple vehicles per single controller via a new communication protocol. Many changes were made to the user interface to facilitate controlling multiple vehicles with a single operator. A second processor, called an MCS, was added to each vehicle to allow for greater flexibility …
Performance Comparison Of Layered Composite Bimodal Fiber Mats With Unimodal Fiber Mats, Sukhada Sanjay Kulkarni
Performance Comparison Of Layered Composite Bimodal Fiber Mats With Unimodal Fiber Mats, Sukhada Sanjay Kulkarni
Theses and Dissertations
The study was conducted to evaluate and compare performance of unimodal and bimodal mats with approximately same mass. 10% and 18% Nylon 4, 6 polymer solution were used for electrospinning the fibers. A negative ion source was used to neutralize the surface charge. The fiber diameters were measured with SEM and were <500 nm thus incorporating the slip effect. Bimodal mats were prepared from different deposition modes. Optimal mode was selected on analyzing the performance factors. The bimodal mats were then compared with unimodal mats. For their performance the fiber mass for these mats was approximately the same. It was observed that the unimodal mats had higher efficiencies and higher pressure drop giving a lower FOM. Bimodal mats showed lower efficiencies and pressure drop compared to unimodal mats. However, the FOM for bimodal mats was approximately 200% higher than unimodal mats
Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Jennifer Mccool
Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Jennifer Mccool
Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on the comparison of the electrospun silk scaffolds to the electrospun silk fibroin gel scaffolds. Moreover, this study examined the differences in cross-linking effects of genipin and methanol as well as solvents on the mechanical properties and cell compatibility of the scaffolds. Silk scaffolds were electrospun from an aqueous solution or 1,1,1,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) without genipin, immediately after 8 % (wt) genipin was added to the solution, and 18 hours after genipin blended with the solution. Uniaxial tensile testing determined that the silk scaffolds electrospun from water exhibit a higher modulus and peak stress than that of the …
Theoretical And Experimental Studies Of Noise Limited Phenomena In Nanowires, Pratik Agnihotri
Theoretical And Experimental Studies Of Noise Limited Phenomena In Nanowires, Pratik Agnihotri
Theses and Dissertations
Electronic noise is an area of fundamental importance that reveals information about the system that transport or optical measurements cannot. The present work focuses on recent advances made in the area of noise in nanodevices. This area is attracting increasing attention because noise in nanostructures is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that in bulk systems. Chapter 1 discusses different kinds of noise in nanostructures with a focus on 1/f noise. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to find velocity as a function of time to calculate velocity autocorrelation function and noise spectral density. The spectrum has 1/f^2 dependence which is universal irrespective …
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Theses and Dissertations
The efficacy of peat humic substances in enhancing the degradation of fats, oils and greases (FOG) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions using bench scale well-mixed bioreactors. An experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and peat humic substance (PHS) concentration on FOG degradation in domestic wastewater for a temperature range from 10 deg.C to 30 deg.C and a PHS concentration range from 0 to 20 ppm(v). Factors and interactions significantly affecting the rate of FOG degradation were identified, and models to predict FOG degradation rates as a function of PHS concentration and temperature were developed. The …
Modeling Particle Filtration And Caking In Fibrous Filter Media, Seyed Alireza Hosseini
Modeling Particle Filtration And Caking In Fibrous Filter Media, Seyed Alireza Hosseini
Theses and Dissertations
This study is aimed at developing modeling methodologies for simulating the flow of air and aerosol particles through fibrous filter media made up of micro- or nano-fibers. The study also deals with modeling particle deposition (due to Brownian diffusion, interception, and inertial impaction) and particle cake formation, on or inside fibrous filters. By computing the air flow field and the trajectory of airborne particles in 3-D virtual geometries that resemble the internal microstructure of fibrous filter media, pressure drop and collection efficiency of micro- or nano-fiber filters are simulated and compared with the available experimental studies. It was demonstrated that …
Developing A Hybrid Model To Predict Student First Year Retention And Academic Success In Stem Disciplines Using Neural Networks, Ruba Alkhasawneh
Developing A Hybrid Model To Predict Student First Year Retention And Academic Success In Stem Disciplines Using Neural Networks, Ruba Alkhasawneh
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the reasoning behind the low enrollment and retention rates of Underrepresented Minority (URM) students (African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans) in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has concerned many researchers for decades. Numerous studies have used traditional statistical methods to identify factors that affect and predict student retention. Recently, researchers have relied on using data mining techniques for modeling student retention in higher education [1]. This research has used neural networks for performance modeling in order to obtain an adequate understanding of factors related to first year academic success and retention of URM at …
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Transonic Wake Flow In The Presence Of An Adverse Pressure Gradient And Streamline Curvature, Jeffrey Reed Gibson
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Transonic Wake Flow In The Presence Of An Adverse Pressure Gradient And Streamline Curvature, Jeffrey Reed Gibson
Theses and Dissertations
Wakes are present in many engineering flows. These flows include internal flows such as mixing chambers and turbomachinery as well as external flows like flow over high-lift or multi-element airfoils. Many times these wakes are exposed to flow conditions such as adverse pressure gradients and streamline curvature that alter the mean flow and turbulent structure of the wake. The ability to understand how pressure gradients and streamline curvature affects the structure of the wake is essential to predicting how the wake will affect the performance of the application in which it is found. The effects of pressure gradients and curvature …
Design And Analysis Of A Flapping Wing Mechanism For Optimization, Ryan Brandon George
Design And Analysis Of A Flapping Wing Mechanism For Optimization, Ryan Brandon George
Theses and Dissertations
Furthering our understanding of the physics of flapping flight has the potential to benefit the field of micro air vehicles. Advancements in micro air vehicles can benefit applications such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and search and rescue. In this research, flapping kinematics of a ladybug was explored using a direct linear transformation. A flapping mechanism design is presented that was capable of executing ladybug or other species-specific kinematics. The mechanism was based on a differential gear design, had two wings, and could flap in harsh environments. This mechanism served as a test bed for force analysis and optimization studies. The first …
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of Swimming Rainbow Trout Using Navier-Stokes And Large Eddy Simulation Models, Donovan R. Chipman
Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamics Of Swimming Rainbow Trout Using Navier-Stokes And Large Eddy Simulation Models, Donovan R. Chipman
Theses and Dissertations
Energy efficiency and propulsive characteristics of a 10 cm undulatory rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) swimming in a stationary position are considered. Two CFD simulations are performed utilizing dynamic grid meshing (FLUENT 6.3). The first simulation uses a laminar flow model with an added hydrofoil shape in order to test if thrust and drag can be brought to unity. The second simulation uses a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model to determine if transition to turbulence along the fish's surface leads to boundary layer separation. The expected results caused by adding these two features to earlier simulations do not occur. …
Automated Multidisciplinary Optimizations Of Conceptual Rocket Fairings, Ronald S. Smart
Automated Multidisciplinary Optimizations Of Conceptual Rocket Fairings, Ronald S. Smart
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to develop and architect a preliminary multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) tool that creates multiple types of generalized rocket fairing models. These models are sized relative to input geometric models and are analyzed and optimized, taking into account the primary objectives, namely the structural, thermal, and aerodynamic aspects of standard rocket flights. A variety of standard nose cone shapes is used as optimization proof of concept examples, being sized and compared to determine optimal choices based on the input specifications, such as the rocket body geometry and the specified trajectory paths. Any input models can …
Analytical Modeling And Optimization Of A Thermoelectric Heat Conversion System Operating Betweeen Fluid Streams, Stephen H. Taylor
Analytical Modeling And Optimization Of A Thermoelectric Heat Conversion System Operating Betweeen Fluid Streams, Stephen H. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
Analytical, closed-form solutions governing thermoelectric behavior are derived. An analytical model utilizing a thermal circuit is presented involving heat transfer into, through, out of, and around a thermoelectric device. A nondimensionalization of the model is presented. Linear heat transfer theory is applied to the model to obtain a series of closed form equations predicting net power output for the thermoelectric device. Fluid streams flowing through shrouded heat sinks with square pin fins are considered for the thermal pathways to and from the device. Heat transfer and pressure drop are characterized in a manner conducive to an analytical model using previously …
Mapping And Modeling Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In Utah Lake Using Landsat 7 Etm+ Imagery, Victor Nii Afum Narteh
Mapping And Modeling Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In Utah Lake Using Landsat 7 Etm+ Imagery, Victor Nii Afum Narteh
Theses and Dissertations
This study shows the results of testing previous research that used remote sensing techniques to determine chlorophyll-a concentrations in turbid surface waters, and developing similar methods and models for Utah Lake using Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery and field measured concentrations of chlorophyll-a. The data for the study included images acquired on June 22 and July 8, 2009. The field data included ground measurements taken on June 22 and July 6, 2009 from seven water quality sampling locations. The 48 hour time difference between the Landsat image acquisition (July 8) and the field measurement (July 6), and the small sample …
Automated Fixed-Point Analysis And Bit Width Selection In Digital Signal Processing Circuits Using Ptolemy, Derrick S. Gibelyou
Automated Fixed-Point Analysis And Bit Width Selection In Digital Signal Processing Circuits Using Ptolemy, Derrick S. Gibelyou
Theses and Dissertations
When designing custom hardware to implement signal processing algorithms, it is important to select bitwidths that meet the minimum error requirements while minimizing implementation area. Larger bitwidths reduce error, but increase area, while selecting smaller bitwidths does the opposite. Finding the set of bitwidths that produces the smallest area that still meets the error requirements has been shown to be NP-hard. To address this problem, many heuristics have been developed. Unfortunately, they are not always well documented and do not have available source code. It is also di cult to know which algorithm to try to use. This thesis addresses …
Unintended Social And Economic Consequences Resulting From The Implementation Of New Construction Technologies In The Developing World, Andrew J. South
Unintended Social And Economic Consequences Resulting From The Implementation Of New Construction Technologies In The Developing World, Andrew J. South
Theses and Dissertations
One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, non- governmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its …
Development Of An Experimental Phased-Array Feed System And Algorithms For Radio Astronomy, Jonathan Charles Landon
Development Of An Experimental Phased-Array Feed System And Algorithms For Radio Astronomy, Jonathan Charles Landon
Theses and Dissertations
Phased array feeds (PAFs) are a promising new technology for astronomical radio telescopes. While PAFs have been used in other fields, the demanding sensitivity and calibration requirements in astronomy present unique new challenges. This dissertation presents some of the first astronomical PAF results demonstrating the lowest noise temperature and highest sensitivity at the time (66 Kelvin and 3.3 m^2/K, respectively), obtained using a narrowband (425 kHz bandwidth) prototype array of 19 linear co-polarized L-band dipoles mounted at the focus of the Green Bank 20 Meter Telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Green Bank, West Virginia. Results include …
Robust Signaling, Scheduling And Authentication In The Multi-User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Channel, Yan Shi
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks are known to be able to achieve throughput performance superior to that available from single-input single-output (SISO) systems. However, when applying MIMO in multi-user networks, achieving this throughput advantage requires efficient precoding and optimal network scheduling. Furthermore, MIMO radios can help ensure security in a multi-user network. Previous work has proposed various precoding techniques for the MIMO broadcast channel, based either on channel state information (CSI) or channel distribution information (CDI), which achieve optimal or near- optimal MIMO channel throughput. The performance of these techniques largely depends on the availability of the channel information at the …
Incremental Learning Of Concept Drift From Imbalanced Data, Gregory Ditzler
Incremental Learning Of Concept Drift From Imbalanced Data, Gregory Ditzler
Theses and Dissertations
Learning data sampled from a nonstationary distribution has been shown to be a very challenging problem in machine learning, because the joint probability distribution between the data and classes evolve over time. Thus learners must adapt their knowledge base, including their structure or parameters, to remain as strong predictors. This phenomenon of learning from an evolving data source is akin to learning how to play a game while the rules of the game are changed, and it is traditionally referred to as learning concept drift. Climate data, financial data, epidemiological data, spam detection are examples of applications that give rise …
Spinal Implant With Customized And Non-Linear Stiffness, Eric Ray Dodgen
Spinal Implant With Customized And Non-Linear Stiffness, Eric Ray Dodgen
Theses and Dissertations
There is a need for spinal implants that have nonlinear stiffness to provide stabilization if the spine loses stiffness through injury, degeneration, or surgery. There is also a need for spinal implants to be customizable for individual needs, and to be small enough to be unobtrusive once implanted. Past and ongoing work that defines the effects of degeneration on the torque rotation curve of a functional spinal unit (FSU) were used to produce a spinal implant which could meet these requirements. This thesis proposes contact-aided inserts to be used with the FlexSuRe™ spinal implant to create a nonlinear stiffness. Moreover, …
Eddy Impaction As An Ash Deposition Mechanism: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Minmin Li
Eddy Impaction As An Ash Deposition Mechanism: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Minmin Li
Theses and Dissertations
The eddy impaction ash deposition model derived and validated in this document predicts eddy impaction rates as a function of turbulence intensity, boundary layer thickness, and gas velocity. The experimental apparatus introduces small particles (200 nm, 25 µm, and 500 µm diameter) into a gas stream flowing through a horizontal pipe (Re 2,300-8,000). The particles deposit on the pipe wall and the total mass of impacted particles provides a measure of collection efficiency. Experimental results indicate deposition velocity increases with Reynolds number, consistent with eddy impaction theory and based on increased turbulent energy. Eddy impaction also increases with particle size …