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Articles 4471 - 4500 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Dual Source Excitation Rectangular Waveguide Design And Evaluation For The Measurement Of Electromagnetic Material Properties, Daniel K. Koch
Dual Source Excitation Rectangular Waveguide Design And Evaluation For The Measurement Of Electromagnetic Material Properties, Daniel K. Koch
Theses and Dissertations
Broadband material parameter measurements are essential in understanding how materials interact with electromagnetic waves. Traditional rectangular waveguide material measurement systems are bandwidth limited. This results in multiple rectangular waveguides of different sizes used to conduct broadband material parameter extraction. Efforts to produce a broadband rectangular waveguide have focused on the inclusion of different guiding structures in the waveguide body. These designs have the drawback of requiring precise machining and time-consuming sample preparation. This research proposes a new broadband rectangular waveguide design which uses a dual source excitation design. This is enabled by the fact that rectangular waveguides are linear time …
Evaluation Of High Velocity Wear, Armando Deleon
Evaluation Of High Velocity Wear, Armando Deleon
Theses and Dissertations
The HHSTT located at Holloman Air Force Base conducts hypersonic testing in a unique way. Rather than perform cost prohibitive flight testing or hypersonic wind tunnel testing, a rocket-powered sled propels test articles down a track. This test setup has been used to test at speeds up to 2885 m/s (~Mach 8.6). The sled is kept on the rails by utilizing slippers, fabricated to wrap around the rail [1]. This slipper design keeps the sled from separating from the rail during a test due to the airflow producing lift, in a designed effort to minimize the wear that occurs during …
Effects Of Manufacturing Process Variables On Ultrasonic Testing In Electron Beam Melted Ti-6al-4v, Andrew D. Durkee
Effects Of Manufacturing Process Variables On Ultrasonic Testing In Electron Beam Melted Ti-6al-4v, Andrew D. Durkee
Theses and Dissertations
Further research on validating additive manufacturing production quality is required before the realization of direct print-to-fly application of critical components. This research examines the response of ultrasonic testing as a function of various manufacturing variables in electron beam melted samples of Ti-6Al-4V. Four dimensionally identical blocks with 6 spherical voids at varying depths were manufactured using different combinations of stock powder, edge treatments, and void melting. Scans were completed on two sides of each specimen with the transducer focused on the mid-plane. Additionally, one specimen was scanned 6 times, with the focal plane adjusted for each scan to match the …
Passive Load Testing For Evaluation Of Electromechanical Actuators, Jeremiah R. Hoffman
Passive Load Testing For Evaluation Of Electromechanical Actuators, Jeremiah R. Hoffman
Theses and Dissertations
While aircraft control surfaces traditionally use hydraulic actuators, electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are interesting as they have potential to be lighter, lower maintenance, and more robust. However, EMAs require more research regarding force-fight characteristics, power requirements, performance specifications, and more. The Air Force Research Laboratory is conducting some of this research, and operates a test rig which provides a passive load to a pair of EMAs. This rig is designed for simple test profiles for investigating force-fight; if it could be used to represent actual flight profiles, the rig could accommodate a wider variety of tests. The focus of this project …
Design, Buildup, And Testing Of A Radial Rotating Detonation Engine For A Compact Auxiliary Power Unit, Riley Huff
Design, Buildup, And Testing Of A Radial Rotating Detonation Engine For A Compact Auxiliary Power Unit, Riley Huff
Theses and Dissertations
Current power generators consume a large portion of the aircrafts usable volume and they are also extremely heavy for the amount of power that they can produce. Therefore, a need for compact, lightweight Auxiliary Power Units (APU) with high power density has arisen. A novel solution to this problem comes in the form of coupling a Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) with a turbine generator. A new type of RDE referred to as the Radial Rotating Detonation Engine (RRDE) has been developed to fill this need. This project marks the first radial ow RDE successfully operated in the United States, and …
Creep Of Hafnium Diboride -20 Vol% Silicon Carbide At 1500°C In Air, Glen E. Pry
Creep Of Hafnium Diboride -20 Vol% Silicon Carbide At 1500°C In Air, Glen E. Pry
Theses and Dissertations
Refractory metal borides, commonly referred to as Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs), exhibit a number of unique properties, such as extremely high melting temperature and hardness, chemical stability, high electrical and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. It has been demonstrated that the addition of SiC improves the oxidation resistance of ZrB2- and HfB2-based UHTCs above 1200°C by modifying the composition of the oxide scale. Addition of SiC retards the oxidation rate of ZrB2 and HfB2 by forming a protective layer of borosilicate glass. Creep deformation is one of the critical criterion for structural application of ceramics at elevated temperatures. Compression …
Pseudo Linear Hall Effect Thruster Characterization Through Potential, Magnetic, And Optical Measurements, Braeden A. Sheets
Pseudo Linear Hall Effect Thruster Characterization Through Potential, Magnetic, And Optical Measurements, Braeden A. Sheets
Theses and Dissertations
Electric propulsion systems are a more mass efficient method for providing a change in velocity, ΔV, to on-orbit spacecraft, than their chemical counterparts. In comparison, electric systems generally have a much higher specific impulse, Isp, than chemical systems. One option within the realm of electric propulsion is Hall Effect Thrusters, which have moderately high specific impulse values. From their advent in the 1960s, Hall Effect Thrusters have been used for orbit station keeping, attitude control, and orbit transfer. Although the discharge cavity is conventionally circular, pseudo-linear or racetrack shaped cavities have been developed. Even though Hall thrusters have decades of …
Design And Testing Of An Additively Manufactured Cubesat Structural Bus, Karson A. Roberts
Design And Testing Of An Additively Manufactured Cubesat Structural Bus, Karson A. Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
Recent innovations in additive manufacturing and design capabilities have opened the door for more opportunities to integrate multiple functions into a structural de- sign. Specifically, 3D printing through advanced laser powder bed fusion of metal powder allows for the development and integration of advanced structures that were previously unachievable. The demonstration of these techniques on a small satellite results in a structural bus consisting of various external and internal features, increasing its functionality and capabilities beyond simply providing structural support. 3D printing a multi-functional CubeSat bus with these integrated features such as internal lattices and wiring tabs demonstrates a new …
Parameter Study Of An Orbital Debris Defender Using Two Team, Three Player Differential Game Theory, David F. Spendel
Parameter Study Of An Orbital Debris Defender Using Two Team, Three Player Differential Game Theory, David F. Spendel
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force and other national agencies rely on numerous space assets to project their doctrine. However, space is becoming an increasingly congested, contested, and competitive environment. A common risk mitigation strategy for the orbit debris problem is either performing evasive maneuvers, or placing additional shielding on the satellite before launch. Current risk mitigation strategies have significant consequences to satellite operators and may not produce sufficient risk mitigation. This research poses that an orbital debris defender, which would defend the primary satellite from orbital debris, may be a more effective risk mitigation strategy. By assuming the worst case …
Behavior Flexibility For Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems, Taylor B. Bodin
Behavior Flexibility For Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Systems, Taylor B. Bodin
Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous unmanned aerial systems (UAS) could supplement and eventually subsume a substantial portion of the mission set currently executed by remote pilots, making UAS more robust, responsive, and numerous than permitted by teleoperation alone. Unfortunately, the development of robust autonomous systems is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Furthermore, the resulting systems often make little reuse of proven software components and offer limited adaptability for new tasks. This work presents a development platform for UAS which promotes behavioral flexibility. The platform incorporates the Unified Behavior Framework (a modular, extensible autonomy framework), the Robotic Operating System (a RSF), and PX4 (an open- source …
Progressive Network Deployment, Performance, And Control With Software-Defined Networking, Daniel J. Casey
Progressive Network Deployment, Performance, And Control With Software-Defined Networking, Daniel J. Casey
Theses and Dissertations
The inflexible nature of traditional computer networks has led to tightly-integrated systems that are inherently difficult to manage and secure. New designs move low-level network control into software creating software-defined networks (SDN). Augmenting an existing network with these enhancements can be expensive and complex. This research investigates solutions to these problems. It is hypothesized that an add-on device, or "shim" could be used to make a traditional switch behave as an OpenFlow SDN switch while maintaining reasonable performance. A design prototype is found to cause approximately 1.5% reduction in throughput for one ow and less than double increase in latency, …
Radio Tomographic Imaging Using A Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator For Image Reconstruction In Various Environments, Antwon R. Gallagher
Radio Tomographic Imaging Using A Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator For Image Reconstruction In Various Environments, Antwon R. Gallagher
Theses and Dissertations
Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) is an emerging Device-Free Passive Localization (DFPL) technology. Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) involves using a set of small low cost wireless transceivers to create a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) around an Area of Interest (AoI). Furthermore, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) between transceiver pairs is utilized to reconstruct an image from the signal attenuation caused by an object disrupting the links. This image can then be utilized for multiple applications ranging from localization to target detection and tracking. This enhances the importance of image resolution in order to capture the actual size of the objects as …
An Exploration Of Error-Correcting Codes For Use In Noise-Prone Satellite Environments, Min W. Kang
An Exploration Of Error-Correcting Codes For Use In Noise-Prone Satellite Environments, Min W. Kang
Theses and Dissertations
Satellites are crucial for the modern world to function properly as they provide Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and global communication. However, the data that is stored on these satellites can be corrupted by the radiation found in space, and its bits can be improperly flipped. In the past, Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms were selected based on their strength and implemented to correct these bit flips back to their original values. This thesis seeks to determine if the strength of the FEC algorithms Reed Solomon (RS) code and Reed Solomon Product Code (RSPC) directly translates to their effectiveness. These …
Special Perturbations On The Jetson Tx1 And Tx2 Computers, Tyler M. Moore
Special Perturbations On The Jetson Tx1 And Tx2 Computers, Tyler M. Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Simplified General Perturbations Number 4 (SGP4) has been the traditional algorithm for performing Orbit Determination (OD) onboard orbiting spacecraft. However, the recent rise of high-performance computers with low Size, Weight, and Power (SWAP) factors has provided the opportunity to use Special Perturbations (SP), a more accurate algorithm to perform onboard OD. This research evaluates the most efficient way to implement SP on NVIDIA’s Jetson TX series of integrated Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). An initial serial version was implemented on the Jetson TX1 and TX2's Central Processing Units (CPUs). The runtimes of the initial version are the benchmark that the runtimes …
Rss-Based Device-Free Passive Detection And Localization Using Home Automation Network Radio Frequencies, Tiffany M. Phan
Rss-Based Device-Free Passive Detection And Localization Using Home Automation Network Radio Frequencies, Tiffany M. Phan
Theses and Dissertations
This research provided a proof of concept for a device-free passive (DfP) system capable of detecting and localizing a target through exploitation of a home automation network’s radio frequency (RF) signals. The system was developed using Insteon devices with a 915 MHz center frequency. Without developer privileges, limitations of the Insteon technology like no intrinsic received signal strength (RSS) field and silent periods between messages were overcome by using software-defined radios to simulate Insteon devices capable of collecting and reporting RSS, and by creating a message generation script and implementing a calibrated filter threshold to reduce silent periods. Evaluation of …
Digital Forensics Event Graph Reconstruction, Daniel J. Schelkoph
Digital Forensics Event Graph Reconstruction, Daniel J. Schelkoph
Theses and Dissertations
Ontological data representation and data normalization can provide a structured way to correlate digital artifacts. This can reduce the amount of data that a forensics examiner needs to process in order to understand the sequence of events that happened on the system. However, ontology processing suffers from large disk consumption and a high computational cost. This paper presents Property Graph Event Reconstruction (PGER), a novel data normalization and event correlation system that leverages a native graph database to improve the speed of queries common in ontological data. PGER reduces the processing time of event correlation grammars and maintains accuracy over …
Stereo Vision: A Comparison Of Synthetic Imagery Vs. Real World Imagery For The Automated Aerial Refueling Problem, Nicholas J. Seydel
Stereo Vision: A Comparison Of Synthetic Imagery Vs. Real World Imagery For The Automated Aerial Refueling Problem, Nicholas J. Seydel
Theses and Dissertations
Missions using unmanned aerial vehicles have increased in the past decade. Currently, there is no way to refuel these aircraft. Accomplishing automated aerial refueling can be made possible using the stereo vision system on a tanker. Real world experiments for the automated aerial refueling problem are expensive and time consuming. Currently, simulations performed in a virtual world have shown promising results using computer vision. It is possible to use the virtual world as a substitute environment for the real world. This research compares the performance of stereo vision algorithms on synthetic and real world imagery.
Near Earth Space Object Detection Utilizing Parallax As Multi-Hypothesis Test Criterion, Joseph C. Tompkins
Near Earth Space Object Detection Utilizing Parallax As Multi-Hypothesis Test Criterion, Joseph C. Tompkins
Theses and Dissertations
The US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) operated Space Surveillance Network (SSN) is tasked with Space Situational Awareness (SSA) for the US military. This system is made up of Electro-Optic sensors such as the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) and Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) as well as RADAR based sensors such as the Space Fence. While Lockheed Martin’s Space Fence is very adept at detecting & tracking objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) below 3000 Km in height [1], gaps remain in the tracking of Resident Space Objects (RSO’s) in Geosynchronous Orbits (GEO) due to limitations associated with the implementation of …
Integrity Monitoring For Automated Aerial Refueling: A Stereo Vision Approach, Thomas R. Stuart
Integrity Monitoring For Automated Aerial Refueling: A Stereo Vision Approach, Thomas R. Stuart
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increasingly require the capability to y autonomously in close formation including to facilitate automated aerial refueling (AAR). The availability of relative navigation measurements and navigation integrity are essential to autonomous relative navigation. Due to the potential non-availability of the global positioning system (GPS) during military operations, it is highly desirable that relative navigation can be accomplished without the use of GPS. This paper develops two algorithms designed to provide relative navigation measurements solely from a stereo image pair. These algorithms were developed and analyzed in the context of AAR using a stereo camera system modeling that …
Cyber Data Anomaly Detection Using Autoencoder Neural Networks, Spencer A. Butt
Cyber Data Anomaly Detection Using Autoencoder Neural Networks, Spencer A. Butt
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense requires a secure presence in the cyber domain to successfully execute its stated mission of deterring war and protecting the security of the United States. With potentially millions of logged network events occurring on defended networks daily, a limited staff of cyber analysts require the capability to identify novel network actions for security adjudication. The detection methodology proposed uses an autoencoder neural network optimized via design of experiments for the identification of anomalous network events. Once trained, each logged network event is analyzed by the neural network and assigned an outlier score. The network events with …
Analysis Of Temperature And Humidity Effects On Horizontal Photovoltaic Panels, Corey J. Booker
Analysis Of Temperature And Humidity Effects On Horizontal Photovoltaic Panels, Corey J. Booker
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force seeks to address power grid vulnerability and bolster energy resilience through the use of renewable energy sources. Air Force Institute of Technology engineers designed and manufactured control systems to monitor power production from the most widely-used silicon-based solar cells at 38 testing locations around the globe spanning the majority of climate types. Researchers conducted multivariate regression analysis to establish a statistical relationship between photovoltaic power output, ambient temperature, and humidity pertaining to monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panels. Formulated models first characterized power output globally, then by specific climate type with general inaccuracy. Location-specific models are …
Stabilized Rpa Flight In Building Proximity Operations, Michael M. Kaniut
Stabilized Rpa Flight In Building Proximity Operations, Michael M. Kaniut
Theses and Dissertations
The thesis seeks a solution to the requirement for a highly reliable and capable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) to support a wide array of missions and applications that require close proximity flight to structures. The scope of the project includes the drafting of a concept of operations (CONOPs) describing how the mission requirements might be met using the sensor, operators, and air vehicle described here in. The demonstration of the wall-following section of that CONOPs is performed by cart testing a custom algorithm and evaluating its ability to react to its environment. Finally, a flight test was performed to characterize …
Cybersecurity Assessment And Mitigation Stochastic Model, Matthew W. Davis
Cybersecurity Assessment And Mitigation Stochastic Model, Matthew W. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
With numerous cybersecurity incidents and vulnerability concerns in an increasingly contested cyber warfighting environment, the Department of Defense (DoD) has mandated cybersecurity assessment and authorization of all major weapon systems (MWS) before their use. In response to this direction, the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) created the Platform Information Technology Assessment and Authorization (PIT A&A) Process. Modeled after the NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF), this process applies a risk-based approach to cybersecurity with the goal of identifying risks and mitigating vulnerabilities in MWS. Within this work, a stochastic model of the PIT A&A Process is presented with an …
Comprehensive Comparison Of Steel Framed Fabric And Conventionally Constructed Aircraft Hangars, Justin M. Iungerich
Comprehensive Comparison Of Steel Framed Fabric And Conventionally Constructed Aircraft Hangars, Justin M. Iungerich
Theses and Dissertations
Through the life of the United States Air Force (USAF), the accepted method for constructing permanent aircraft hangars is the use of materials such as steel and concrete. However, the emerging type of construction known as steel framed fabric (SFF) construction shows potential to meet the requirements of the USAF at a lower life-cycle cost and with faster construction delivery. A comprehensive comparison to conventional hangars is conducted through the means of an extensive literature review, case study analysis, structural analysis with the use of finite element analysis (FEA) software, and a life-cycle cost comparison. Through examination of Department of …
Military Application Of Aerial Photogrammetry Mapping Assisted By Small Unmanned Air Vehicles, Kijun Lee
Military Application Of Aerial Photogrammetry Mapping Assisted By Small Unmanned Air Vehicles, Kijun Lee
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the practical military applications of the photogrammetric methods using remote sensing assisted by small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs). The research explored the feasibility of UAV aerial mapping in terms of the specific military purposes, focusing on the geolocational and measurement accuracy of the digital models, and image processing time. The research method involved experimental flight tests using low-cost Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, sensors and image processing tools to study key features of the method required in military like location accuracy, time estimation, and measurement capability. Based on the results of the data analysis, two military applications are …
A Surprising Symbiosis: Examining The Mutualism In Department Of Defense Conservation Partnerships, Andrew J. Lankow
A Surprising Symbiosis: Examining The Mutualism In Department Of Defense Conservation Partnerships, Andrew J. Lankow
Theses and Dissertations
Because of the DoD’s unique and significant role in the conservation of natural resources, military leaders and natural resource managers need a trail guide to frame interagency collaboration in a way that shapes productive partnerships. The purpose of this research was to examine successful DoD conservation partnerships in order to identify key success factors (KSFs) and the most prominent challenges faced, and how those characteristics enable the accomplishment of each partner’s objectives. The research questions were answered through a comprehensive literature review and the use of the multiple-case study method. 19 key informants from three installations participated in semi-structured interviews, …
A System Dynamics Innovation Diffusion Model Applied To Carbon Nanotube Manufacturing, Frances G. Mackinnon
A System Dynamics Innovation Diffusion Model Applied To Carbon Nanotube Manufacturing, Frances G. Mackinnon
Theses and Dissertations
The transition of advanced technologies from their nascent state to viable commercial entities is a critical step in assuring the United States' national technological superiority and support is often required to incubate such technological developments. We propose a spiral development to investigate the possible scenarios, underlying economics, and risk associated with scaling up carbon nanotube (CNT) production to a commercially viable scale. As the first stage of this proposed effort, this study characterizes the potential scenarios by which a CNT manufacturing company can generate positive annual net revenue and potentially be considered a competitive manufacturer of CNT products on an …
Design And Test Of A Uav Swarm Architecture Over A Mesh Ad-Hoc Network, Timothy J. Allen
Design And Test Of A Uav Swarm Architecture Over A Mesh Ad-Hoc Network, Timothy J. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to develop a testable swarm architecture such that the swarm of UAVs collaborate as a team rather than acting as several independent vehicles. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components were used as they were low-cost, readily available, and previously proven to work with at least two networked UAVs. Initial testing was performed via software-in-the-loop (SITL) demonstrating swarming of three simulated multirotor aircraft, then transitioned to real hardware. The architecture was then tested in an outdoor nylon netting enclosure. Command and control (C2) was provided by software implementing an enhanced version of Reynolds’ flocking rules via an onboard …
Tensile Properties And Fatigue Behavior Of Geopolymer Matrix Composites With Carbon Fiber Reinforcement At Elevated Temperature, Steffan M.L. Wilcox
Tensile Properties And Fatigue Behavior Of Geopolymer Matrix Composites With Carbon Fiber Reinforcement At Elevated Temperature, Steffan M.L. Wilcox
Theses and Dissertations
The tensile stress-strain and tension-tension fatigue of geopolymer matrix composites reinforced with 0/90 carbon fibers was investigated at 23 and 300°C in laboratory air. Geopolymers are inorganic polymeric materials composed of alumina, silica, and alkali metal oxides. Because geopolymers are synthesized as a fluid mixture or particles and liquid, they can be cast into a desired shape, and cured at only slightly elevated temperatures. The relative ease of synthesis and low processing temperatures make geopolymers an attractive choice as a matrix material for composite materials. Geopolymers also offer resistance to heat and oxidizing environments. Currently, geopolymer matrix composites are being …
Passive Radiolocation Of Ieee 802.11 Emitters Using Directional Antennae, Bradford E. Law
Passive Radiolocation Of Ieee 802.11 Emitters Using Directional Antennae, Bradford E. Law
Theses and Dissertations
Low-cost commodity hardware and cheaper, more capable consumer-grade drones make the threat of home-made, inexpensive drone-mounted wireless attack platforms (DWAPs) greater than ever. Fences and physical security do little to impede a drone from approaching private, commercial, or government wireless access points (WAPs) and conducting wireless attacks. At the same time, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) present a valuable tool for network defenders conducting site surveys and emulating threats. These platforms present near-term dangers and opportunities for corporations and governments. Despite the vast leaps in technology these capabilities represent, UAVs are noisy and consequently difficult to conceal as they approach a …