Engineering Commons^™

Impacts Of Preferential Vaporization Of Multi-Component Liquid Fuels On Near-Limit Combustion Behaviors, Seungjae Lim

Theses and Dissertations

Combustion technologies used in energy conversion devices involve multi-phase and multi-component combustion behaviors associated with chemical kinetic characteristics coupled with spray dynamics. For reliable engine operation, the engine operation envelope is necessarily required to be determined by near-limit combustion behaviors such as flame flashback, lean blowout, ignition, and extinction, which are influenced by both fuel chemical and physical properties. Liquid fuels are composed of a wide range of molecular structures and weights, therefore exhibiting relatively large distillation temperature range. When fuel chemical properties change during fuel vaporization, preferential vaporization effects could play a considerable role in near-limit combustion behaviors. In …

Mimo Antenna Systems For Wireless Handheld Devices, Ahmed H. Abdelgawwad

Theses and Dissertations

Mobile communications have seen tremendous growths in the last decades in the form of smartphones, watches, wireless enabled Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and so on. The current and future wireless communication systems require high data-rate capabilities to support high speed needs of users in modern applications. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems have become the most promising candidate to support the increased data demand. Therefore, they have emerged as an integral part of the new 5G wireless standard. One key challenge regarding MIMO systems for the handheld is to be able to successfully accommodate multiple miniature platform integrated antennas within a …

Towards Modeling Of Induction Welding Of Thermoplastic Laminates With A Mixed Finite Element Boundary Element Approach, Florentius Johannes Van Zanten

Theses and Dissertations

There is an increased interest in induction welding of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite laminates within the aerospace industry. Currently, optimal manufacturing process parameters (e.g., current, power, and frequency settings, coil movement speed, etc.) are determined through an experimental trial-and-error approach. To reduce the need for an experimental approach that can determine the manufacturing process parameters, which would be expensive in both time and money, accurate and computationally efficient numerical tools are desired. This research is focused on improving the existing numerical tool, WelDone, in regard to its speed and accuracy.

WelDone utilizes a hybrid element formulation that combines traditional …

Investigating The Impact Of Endothelial Dysfunction And Aging On Vascular Remodeling Using Mouse Models, Liya Du

Theses and Dissertations

Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), is a major factor in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, an age-related chronic inflammatory process in the arterial wall and the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. A better understanding of alterations in vascular structure and function associated with endothelial dysfunction can facilitate the early detection of atherosclerosis and the development of potential pharmaceutical interventions. This study aims to clarify the impact of endothelial dysfunction in conjunction with aging on the microstructure of aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) and to elucidate the relationship between microstructural adaptation …

Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database – Thermochemical Development And Thermodynamic Assessment Of Various Molten Salt Systems, Johnathon Chandler Ard

Theses and Dissertations

The Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database – Thermochemical (MSTDB-TC) is a validated open-source database for thermochemical modeling of molten salt reactor (MSR) relevant fluoride and chloride salt systems. The database has been created and populated by leveraging available models from literature as well as completing novel system assessments. The development and contents of the MSTDB-TC v1.2 initial release are detailed along with various system assessments performed in the course of the work. The database utilizes a major strength of the CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling method. This is the ability to estimate higher-order system behavior by combining modeled lower-order systems, …

Digital Twins In Advanced Manufacturing To Enhance Manufacturing Efficiency, Max Kirkpatrick

Theses and Dissertations

Digital Twins of manufacturing systems are an emerging tool for improvement, optimization, and monitoring of physical manufacturing systems. The idea of representing physical systems with digital depictions has been prevalent since the early days of Computer Aided Design (CAD), but recently the concept of a Digital Twin has been expanded to encapsulate more than just a digital model of a design. Instead, the Digital Twin offers a unique, comprehensive, and real-time toolset for analysis and improvement of physical systems. These tools can be used to improve system efficiency, perform “what-if” analyses, virtually commission manufacturing equipment, analyze system performance in real …

Histomechanical Compatibility Of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts, Colton J. Kostelnik

Theses and Dissertations

Coronary artery disease is a localized form of atherosclerosis that can severely restrict blood flow to the heart often requiring a surgical intervention known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to reestablish perfusion to this essential circulation. To some extent, the selection of the autograft tissue is at the surgeon’s discretion with factors such as stenosis location and the existing tissue’s pathological state contributing to a choice that could be deterministic in surgical outcomes. Many post-operative complications and premature graft failures originate from graft-target tissue incompatibilities and altered blood flow patterns. We hypothesize that mechanical mismatching between the graft material …

Experimental Investigations Of Yarn Pull-Out Behavior In Kevlar®: Influence Of Applied Metallic Coatings And Effect Of Dynamic Loading, Julie Ann Roark

Theses and Dissertations

Flexible woven Kevlar® textile fabrics are widely used in protective armor applications. Yarn pull-out, comprised of yarn uncrimping (i.e., straightening) and yarn translation, is a major energy absorption mechanism during ballistic impact onto these fabrics, especially for impact velocities below the ballistic limit. Yarn pull-out is influenced by various parameters including inter-yarn friction, pull-out distance, pull-out velocity, transverse pre-tension, fiber diameter, fabric architecture, fabric waviness, fabric count and yarn modulus.

The first part of this thesis investigates yarn pull-out behavior of commercially available Kevlar® KM2+ individual yarns coated with metallic layers (copper, aluminum, aluminum nitride, silver) via a directed vapor …

High-Throughput Computation Of Interfacial Thermal Management Of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors, Hao-Wen Chen

Theses and Dissertations

As semiconductor electronics, in particular high electron mobility transistors, get hot in operation, people are trying to incorporate different semiconductor materials to solve the problem of heat dissipation to maintain the device efficiency and performance. In this master thesis, two different packages, LAMMPS and almaBTE, that are focusing on micro-scale and atomic scale respectively, are used to simulate the heat transfer process across interfaces in two different scales. In the LAMMPS simulation, the research is exploring how the location of atoms and the thickness of interfacial layers will influence the interfacial thermal conductance. On the other hand, using the almaBTE …

Uncrewed Aircraft Systems For Autonomous Infrastructure Inspection, Michail Kalaitzakis

Theses and Dissertations

Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly popular for infrastructure inspections since they offer increased safety, decreased costs and consistent results, compared to traditional methods. However, there are still many open challenges before fully autonomous, reliable, and repeatable UAS inspections. While a UAS platform has increased mobility and can easily approach hard to reach areas, it has limited range and payload capacity and is susceptible to environmental disturbances. Therefore, current operations are limited to Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) manual inspections that usually result in just a qualitative (visual) assessment of the structure.

The objective of this work is to …

Decellularization Strategies Of Naturally Derived Biomaterials For Tissue Engineering Applications, Julia Elizabeth Hohn

Theses and Dissertations

In 2017, over 3.5 million peripheral vascular surgeries were performed worldwide with over 400,000 vascular repair or replacement surgeries being performed in the United States each year alone. As the number of vascular repair surgeries, including both coronary and peripheral bypass grafting procedures, continues to increase each year, these statistics indicate an urgent need for more effective and readily available replacement materials. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) approaches, including the design, fabrication, and validation of suitable biomaterials in vitro that direct the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, have been proposed to alleviate this problem. While advanced biomaterials have …

Durability Enhancement Of Anion Exchange Membrane Based Fuel Cells (Aemfcs) And Water Electrolyzers (Aemels) By Understanding Degradation Mechanisms, Noor Ui Hassan

Theses and Dissertations

The past several years have seen remarkable progress in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, showing excellent efficiency and significant cost reduction. The intermittent nature of renewable resources requires them to be integrated with energy storage systems that can hold or convert this excess energy into other forms. Though batteries have been the most popular, it is also possible to store the energy as chemicals and fuels, such as hydrogen (H₂). Hydrogen generation from water electrolysis has been receiving significant attention in recent years. Among the existing water electrolysis technologies, anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMELs) are …

Fabrication Of Asymmetrical Hollow Fiber-Supported Thin Film Membranes, Stack Assembly, And Accelerated Long-Term Stability Test For Oxygen Production From Air, Myongjin Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Air separation is a widely used process for oxygen production. Several separation technologies have been developed for air separation, including cryogenic distillation, swing adsorption, redox process of metal oxides, and electrochemical process. Among these technologies, electrochemical permeation process stands out as a cost-effective and simple process for pure oxygen production from air. The electrochemical permeation process employs a gas-tight membrane to permeate and separate oxygen from air directly, where the membrane conducts both ions and electrons simultaneously. Different membrane designs have been studied to obtain the improved performance for oxygen permeation, typically planar and tubular designs. Among these membrane configurations, …

Shear Localization In The Metallic Nanolayered Composites, Shujing Dong

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, the influences of layer thickness (h), interface orientation relationship (OR) and dislocation slip activities on shear band (SB) formation mechanisms was investigated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

The effect of h and dislocation slip systems on the shear localization in Cu-FCC/Nb-BCC MNCs was studied. The strain softening observed in those samples was triggered by the SB formation. The microstructure evolutions and dislocation slips revealed that the unsymmetrical dislocation transmission across the interface induces the shear localization and promotes the SB formation. The quantitative analysis of the change in the separation distance of initially …

Cnn-Based Dendrite Core Detection From Microscopic Images Of Directionally Solidified Ni-Base Alloys, Xiaoguang Li

Theses and Dissertations

Dendrite core is the center point of the dendrite. The information of dendrite core is very helpful for material scientists to analyze the properties of materials. Therefore, detecting the dendrite core is a very important task in the material science field. Meanwhile, because of some special properties of the dendrites, this task is also very challenging. Different from the typical detection problems in the computer vision field, detecting the dendrite core aims to detect a single point location instead of the bounding-box. As a result, the existing regressing bounding-box based detection methods can not work well on this task because …

Physico-Mechanical Characterization Of Prototype Earth Block Material For Constitutive Modeling, Erika Lorena Rengifo-López

Theses and Dissertations

The comprehensive understanding and experimental characterization of the overall compressive behavior of earth masonry block materials, such as compressed and stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs), are essential for developing analytical and numerical tools to predict the mechanical response and designing earth masonry structures. Furthermore, advancing the understanding of the extent of the influence of testing parameters on the material's response, such as specimen geometry, is a critical step towards standardization.

CSEBs are produced by compressing a mixture of soil, water, and a stabilizer (e.g., Portland cement). The heterogeneity of the material accrues from the variety of soil particle morphology and potential …

Pulse Width Modulation-Based Voltage Balancing And Circulating Current Control For Modular Multilevel Converters, Md Multan Biswas

Theses and Dissertations

In the last decade, because of some key features and advantages of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), it is widely applied for various Medium Voltage (MV) and High Voltage (HV) power electronic interfacing applications. The structure of MMCs varies by application but in general, they are composed of multiple Sub-Modules (SMs) which each contains a floating capacitor. For the operation of MMCs, capacitor voltages are required to remain equally set. This is referred to as the balanced condition and requires a method for SM Capacitor Voltage Balancing (CVB). Connections of SMs for most of the common MMC configurations result in additional …

Liquid Phase Modeling In Metal Catalysis And In Zeolites, Subrata Kumar Kundu

Theses and Dissertations

Liquid phase processing is often desired for selective product formation, such as during catalytic conversion of biomass, and for purification of waste-water streams. Since the liquid phase environment influences the adsorption properties and reactivity of solid catalysts and porous materials, significant performance changes have been observed as a function of solvent properties for various industrial catalytic and separation processes. There is a need to better understand these solvation effects on processes at solid-liquid interfaces and to develop novel multiscale models that permit one to explore solvation effects on surface catalyzed reactions and during adsorption in porous media such as zeolites. …

Thermodynamic Assessment Of Chromium Corrosion In The Na-K-Mg-U(Iii, Iv) Chloride Salt, Jacob Allen Yingling

Theses and Dissertations

Thermodynamic descriptions of high-order molten chloride salt systems are essential for the development of fast molten salt reactor (MSR) technologies. However, a complete thermodynamic assessment of the essential Na-K-Mg-U(III)-U(IV) molten chloride salt with the most prevalent CrCl2 corrosion product has yet to be provided. This is remedied in the present work through application of the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach to the available thermodynamic data and new measurements that include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) observations for previously unexplored two and three component chloride salt systems. Through these efforts, a unique approach was developed for the quantification of uncertainty in …

Use Of Dic Measurements With Finite Element Models For Direct Heterogeneous Material Property Determination And Wrinkle Formation During Automated Fiber Placement, Sreehari Rajan Kattil

Theses and Dissertations

In this work, application of DIC in combination with finite element modeling is demonstrated for efficient material characterization for complex heterogeneous materials and tow wrinkle formation during automated fiber placement.

The first part of the work describes the integration of DIC measurements with finite element models for direct property identification in heterogeneous material systems. The material property identification is based on solving partial differential equations (PDE) of equilibrium for unknown elastic material properties with known boundary conditions and full field strain data (Eg. DIC). The PDEs are solved numerically using Petrov-Galerkin finite element procedure. The classical Bubnov-Galerkin method is shown …

Closed Form Implicitly Integrated Models For Computationally Efficient Simulation Of Power Electronics, Andrew Wunderlich

Theses and Dissertations

This work describes novel closed-form, implicitly integrated (CF-implicit) models of switched-mode power converters which feature implicit integration but require no iterative numerical solving algorithm for evaluation because they are explicitly solved prior to model execution. The derived models capture the large-signal dynamic behavior of the power converters, so their use and accuracy are not limited to any one set of operating conditions. These models can be implemented in any computational environment, including directly on an existing embedded controller as a digital twin. Since no iterative solver is required, the models are highly computationally efficient and have a very predictable worst-case …

Cyclic Response And Liquidfaction Behavior Of Gravelly Soils, Pitak Ruttithivaphanich

Theses and Dissertations

Cyclic response and liquefaction behavior are soil mechanisms under earthquake conditions. The study of dynamic soil response is important to evaluate soil behaviors under dynamic loading for a wide range of strains. Soil liquefaction phenomena involving a significant reduction in the strength and stiffness of saturated cohesionless soils has caused catastrophic ground failure in numerous earthquakes. Liquefaction mostly occurs in sand, but liquefaction of gravelly soil has been observed. To date, only a few studies have focused on the liquefaction of gravelly soils; hence, research data is limited. This research aims to improve the understanding of cyclic response and liquefaction …

Empirical Studies On Automated Software Testing Practices, Alireza Salahirad

Theses and Dissertations

Software testing is notoriously difficult and expensive, and improper testing carries economic, legal, and even environmental or medical risks. Research in software testing is critical to enabling the development of the robust software that our society relies upon. This dissertation aims to lower the cost of software testing without decreasing the quality by focusing on the use of automation. The dissertation consists of three empirical studies on aspects of software testing. Specifically, these three projects focus on (1) mapping the connections between research topics and the evolution of research topics in the field of software testing, (2) an assessment of …

Investigation Of Adhesion, Deformation Mechanics, And Electrical Properties Of Ag/Sio2/Pdms Tri-Layers For Stretchable Electronic Applications, Rhandy Joe Paladines

Theses and Dissertations

The motivation behind this research is to improve the interfacial layer bonding of metallic thin films to PDMS substrates with the aid of a buffer layer. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique of sputtering was used to deposit bilayer thin films of silver (Ag) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) on PDMS. Two chamber pressures were used in this work, 5 and 20 mTorr, to investigate the role of this parameter in determining the interfacial adhesion and the role in determining the resistance sensitivity. Studies of the surface energy and increased bonding strength for metallization are carried out. Surface characterization using atomic …

Towards Environmentally Sustainable, High-Performance, Lightweight Composites For Automotive Applications, Jasmin Zamudio Vasquez

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing public demand in the world automotive industry to improve the environmental sustainability of their manufactured vehicles without sacrificing drivers' comfort and safety and the high cost of lightweight materials have driven researchers to reconsider materials used in the automotive application. Thus, this work aims toward the production of environmentally sustainable, high-performance, lightweight composites, utilizing recycled carbon fibers (RCFs) and pyrolyzed tire particles (PTPs) reclaimed from pyro-gasification of CFRP wastes and end-of-life tires (ELTs), respectively, as reinforcements for cardanol-based epoxy resins. The fabricated composites exhibited rubbery-like behavior at 25 °C. Spectroscopic, rheological, physical, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical characterizations were …

Investigating The First/Last Mile Problem In Underserved Communities: A Case Study In Camden City, Nj, Ruqaya Alfaris

Theses and Dissertations

The first/last mile (FLM) is defined as the distance a transiting person should complete before boarding or after alighting at a transit station. The FLM trip is one of the major barriers to access transit, which significantly affects individuals' accessibility to critical services. Specifically, this is prevalent in underserved communities in which public transportation constitutes the major mode of travel. As a case study, the current study discusses the FLM barriers in Camden City, NJ. The study comprehensively reviews the existing literature of the FLM practice to identify the lessons learned from previously conducted plans and programs. To supplement the …

Non-Proprietary Ultra-High Performance Concrete (Uhpc) With Application For Retrofitting Deteriorating Infrastructure, Harshdutta I. Pandya

Theses and Dissertations

This research describes a study on the stiffness degradation of reinforced concrete beams due to corrosion of reinforcement and the effect of subsequent retrofitting. A total of eleven beams were tested under cyclic loading history, where the amplitude on subsequent cycles is increased until the beam fails. The two corroded-repaired beams were repaired with a non-proprietary UHPC applied to the tension and compression surfaces, respectively. The results indicated substantial stiffness degradation of the corroded beam that was not retrofitted. The control beam passed the ACI 437 acceptance criteria (Ipr = 0.22, IR = 100.1, IDL = -0.036). The corroded beam …

Low Temperature Dielectric Strength Of Polyimide-Silica Nanocomposites For Applications In High-Temperature Superconducting Cables, Michael John Mccaffrey

Theses and Dissertations

Gaseous helium is often considered as an alternative to liquid nitrogen to cool modern high-temperature superconducting cables in support of increased power capacity and/or reduction of required cable size. However, the small size of helium molecules and relatively poor dielectric strength of helium gas create challenges which limit the usefulness of modern cable dielectrics. Continuous dielectric coatings have been considered as an alternative to traditional lapped tape dielectrics to support gaseous helium refrigerants, but unmatched thermal contraction between the coating and cable components would induce failures due to mechanical stress. Composite materials have been considered as a means of matching …

Investigating The Use Of 100% Rap In Airfield Mixtures For Contingency Pavement Repair In Remote Regions, Mahmoud Samara

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to present a procedure for performance-related mix design of 100% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures used in repair applications. In addition, the impact of rejuvenators (Corn Oil, Tall Oil, Modified Vegetable Oil, and Aromatic Extract) on the RAP materials' properties were also investigated on both levels (binder, and mixtures). Performance grade testing, frequency sweep test, critical temperature differential (delta Tc), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were conducted to evaluate the rheological and chemical properties of extracted and rejuvenated RAP binders. Afterward, asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) and indirect tensile asphalt cracking (IDEAL-CT) tests …

A Machine Learning Framework For Automatic Speech Recognition In Air Traffic Control Using Word Level Binary Classification And Transcription, Fowad Shahid Sohail

Theses and Dissertations

Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning have enabled a variety of new technologies. One such technology is Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), where a machine is given audio and transcribes the words that were spoken. ASR can be applied in a variety of domains to improve general usability and safety. One such domain is Air Traffic Control (ATC). ASR in ATC promises to improve safety in a mission critical environment. ASR models have historically required a large amount of clean training data. ATC environments are noisy and acquiring labeled data is a difficult, expertise dependent task. This thesis attempts to …