Engineering Commons^™

The Steady State Heat And Temperature Distribution Of A Hot Sphere Within An Infinite Wedge, David W. Horwat

Theses

This thesis presents a mathematical model of the steady state heat and temperature distributions of a hot sphere located along the midplane of an infinitely long wedge of any arbitrary central angle. The heat and temperature distributions of this geometric configuration are of immense value, since through the use of this model as a wedge shaped unit cell the description of any number of hot spheres, arranged in a regular planar array can be immediately determined.

The method of reflections is used to solve Laplace's equation , V²T=O , analytically using the sphere and the wedge walls as …

The Effect Of Dry-Blending High Density Polyethylene On Final Product Properties, Charles H. Klestadt

Theses

The incentives for Dry-Blending Polyethylenes of varying property type may be economic gain, improved product quality, or both. The manufacturers' latest mode of operation involves seeking to meet their customers' needs with a product line made by using one catalyst system and operating at maximum capacity, while varying the fewest possible control parameters. Off-spec materials and on-spec materials not fitting customers' requirements are two prime targets for additional profits with proper dry blending techniques. The approach used in solving the problem involved starting with an existing product line and converting these products into a number of experimental blends. The blends …

The Determination Of An Optimum Plant Capacity In A Dynamic Economy, Frederick Louis Monesmith

Theses

A. Monte Carlo computer program has been developed in which the optimum plant capacity is determined by comparing calculated profitability criterions for various plant capacities. The estimates for input variables are developed into probability distributions. This data is then used to calculate a probability distribution for a-profitability criterion. In this thesis approximately thirty input variables are developed into beta distributions. Each variable must be estimated with a ninety percent probability estimate, a most likely probability estimate and a ten percent probability estimate. The three level estimates for each variable completely describe the beta distribution. Approximately half of the beta distributions …

The Thermal Degradation Of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Carlos Eduardo Ortiz

Theses

The thermal degradation of polyvinyl alcohol has been investigated using mass spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and infrared spectroscopy unlike previous investigators, formaldehyde and acrolein were not observed volatiles. In addition, acetic acid was observed, a product not reported previously.

Industrialized-Subsidized Housing In The Hackensack Meadowlands, Andrew Carl Gildersleeve

Theses

New Jersey as well as the rest of the nation is beginning to feel the pinch of what has been termed the housing crisis. The products of the World War II baby-boom are now reaching the age where they require homes of their own, making the demand for good quality low-cost housing very high. At the same time, the demand for good public housing continues to grow and we are learning that our previous efforts in this field have been far from satisfactory.

In the course of this study I have looked into the possibilities of solving a portion of …

Design For A Developing Consortium, Henry A. Mauermeyer

Theses

The number of consortia in American higher education expanded rapidly from only ten in 1960 to eighty in 1973. Many do not have an organized method of developing interinstitutional cooperation, structuring their internal management, or preparing to meet future expansion.

The design of an organizational process appropriate to consortia in general has been developed in this thesis. The design is based on an analysis of various materials: (1) literature on the consortium movement; (2) data gathered from a nationwide survey conducted by the author; (3) visits with directors of consortia and experts in the consortium field; (4) actual working experience …

The Design And Implementation Of A Time-Shared Computer Based Construction Cost Estimating System For An Electric Utility, Thomas Arnold Westphal

Theses

The work of the distribution department of an elec tric utility involves a great deal of medium to heavy construction. This work is vital to serve the energy needs of the public. An electric utility constantly builds, reinforces, and repairs electric distribution facilities. The material and labor used to accomplish this construction is expensive. Money in sufficient amounts is seldom, if ever, available to finance all proposed construction projects. Therefore, the cost of proposed projects must be estimated in advance, so that management may decide on an economic basis which projects will be authorized.

The need for accurate construction cost …

Design Of Multipass Fractionating Trays, Paul W. Becker

Theses

Multipass fractionating trays are vapor-liquid contacting devices with high liquid handling capabilities which can be economically used in large fractionating towers. However, process design engineers in the chemical and petroleum industries seem to have an aversion to specifying multipass trays for their tower designs. This thesis presents the case for using multipass trays as well as methods for their design.

Because multipass trays are not symmetrical, as one and two pass trays are, the liquid and vapor need not split equally between the three or four passes. Equations are developed which enable the vapor and liquid flowrate for each pass …

Solvent Recovery From A Complex Process Solvent Stream, John Budavari

Theses

This work deals with the recovery of solvents from a complex process waste stream containing methylene chloride chloroform, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, heptane and butyl acetate. In addition to the above-mentioned solvents, the mixture is saturated with water (ca. 1%), hydrochloric acid, and contains organic and inorganic process impurities. The objective was to develop the simplest economical recovery process utilizing vapor-liquid equilibrium data, distillation and extraction procedures. Considerable effort was expended to develop precise and reliable assay methods. A process which met the necessary requirements of maximum solvent recovery with minimum waste disposal, was developed.

Reactions Of Perchloro-1,2-Dimethylene Cyclobutane With Amines, Robert James Smith

Theses

Perchloro-1,2-dimethylene cyclobutane was reacted with primary amines forming cyclic amidinium salts. Their structures were elucidated by the performance of various spectral analyses.

An Experimental Study Of The Separation Of Multicomponent Mixtures Via Thermal Parametric Pumping, Wayne Weywen Lin

Theses

A thermal continuous parametric pump for separating multi-component mixtures was experimentally investigated using the model system toluene-aniline-n-heptane on silica gel adsorbent. A simple method for predicting separations is presented and is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The method, based on an equilibrium theory, is under the assumption that a multicomponent mixture contains a series of pseudo-binary systems, each system consisting of one of the solutes as one component and the common inert solvent as the other component.

Absorption Of Methoxyflurane By Conductive Rubber And Polyethylene Anesthetic Hose, Edward A. Kippel

Theses

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the absorption of methoxyflurane by conductive rubber and polyethylene anesthetic hose. Previous studies are reviewed and theoretical considerations governing the diffusion process are discussed.

Diffusion coefficients are calculated for commercially available hose materials using different anesthetic concentrations and oxygen flow rates.

Data obtained is compared with the results of previous investigations (primarily concerned with sorption into rubber hose) and similar results are presented for polyethylene hose.

Graphical data is used to demonstrate the effect of hose material on inspired anesthetic concentration.

The advantage of disposable conductive polyethylene hose over reusable rubber …

Densities Of Polar And Non-Polar Compounds And Their Mixtures, Peter Norman Notwick

Theses

Two principal studies were conducted as part of this thesis: evaluation of existing correlations for predicting densities of polar and non-polar liquids and their mixtures and experimentally measuring the densities of certain liquid systems.

Utilizing a modification of the simple picnometer experimental method, data were obtained for both pure compounds and liquid mixtures. Comparison of the pure compound data with available literature sources established the reliability of the technique.

The results of the correlation comparison indicate that the Riedel equation, is the most generally reliable for predicting the densities of pure "normal" compounds. Lydersen, et al., prepared tables for the …

Steady State And Dynamic Performance Of Anisotropic Reluctance Motor, S. Chandrasekhara Rao

Theses

The paper deals with a special type of reluctance motor called Anisotropic rotor reluctance motor. As the name implies, advantage is taken of the internal anisotropy of the rotor magnetic structure. Axially laminated grain oriented silicon steel is used in the rotor. This unconventional configuration of assembly of rotor laminations results in a high ratio of direct axis to quadrature axis reluctance. Compared to the conventional reluctance motor, pull out torque of more than three times and a power factor as high as in an induction motor is obtained. Several motors of ratings up to 60 HP. were built and …

An Experimental Study Of Parametric Pump, Khalid Omar Ranginwala

Theses

In this research for Master's Project, the possibility for separation of glucose and fructose by parametric pumping was investigated. In this research activated carbon was used as adsorbent. First Langmuir's isotherms for glucose and fructose were experimentally found. These results were utilized in the thermal parametric pumping. The pump was run semicontinuously. Parametric pumping was also carried out with KCl +H₂O solution using a resin as adsorbent, and the 'b' value of KCl was found.

An Experimental Study Of Equilibrium Parametric Pumps, John A. Park

Theses

Parametric pumping is a separation process characterized by periodic changes in axial displacement, coupled with synchronized changes in some variable affecting the position of the interphase equilibrium. Both continuous and semicontinuous pumps were investigated at various operating conditions using a model system of toluene-n-hep-tane on a silica gel adsorbent. It has been shown that when the penetration distance for the cold cycle is less than or equal to that for the hot cycle and the height of the column, the pump has the capacity of complete removal of solute from one product stream. A quantity which is important in determining …

A Study Of Fluid Flow Entering A Sharp-Edged Channel, Rocco Racano

Theses

Experimental investigations were carried out on an newtonian fluid In the two dimensional case through the regions of a sharp-edged entrance and exit. Qualitative and quantitative results were compared to a variation of a two dimensional case of converging flow in a capillary as originally derived by Oka and proposed by Philippoff. In addition velocity profiles were taken in the entrance region. Furthermore, the effect of temperature gradients in the slit region with their resulting optical effects were considered. The methods used to obtain these goals were photoelasticity and streak photography.

Results were four, to be consistent with the theory …

Separation Of Gas Mixtures Via Batch Parametric Pumping : A Theoretical Study, Jose G. Lopez

Theses

An equilibrium plug?flow model, for the batch isothermal separation of a binary gas mixture in a pressure changing parametric pump, was investigated for the system propane?argon on carbon, with the aid of a G. E. Pack 4020 computer. Separation factors comparable to a temperature changing parametric pump are predicted by the model. A change in pressure of the gas mixture may be carried out very rapidly, compared with a temperature change of similar magnitude. The effects of temperature, pressure, concentration, and penetration are discussed.

The Effect Of Variation In The Ratio Of Specific Heats With Temperature And Pressure On Horsepower Requirements Of Reciprocating Compressors, Selim Piskin

Theses

The expansion and compression of fluids is discussed in relation to the design of reciprocating compressors. As part of this thesis, the design equations for reciprocating compressors are developed for both ideal and reel gases.

The resulting design equations contain, as one of the parameters, the ratio of the specific heats. Using published componential specific heat data, a correlation was developed relating the dependence of the ratio of specific heat on temperature and pressure for the nore common gases. These correlations were developed so as to be compatible with the compressor design equation and to provide rapid evaluation of the …

Correlation Of Drain Breakdown With Excess Noise And Other Surface-Related Phenomena In Enhancement Mosfets, Jerry J. Rij

Theses

An investigation of semiconductor surface-related phenomena has been undertaken to correlate 1/F noise with drain breakdown in P-channel enhancement MOSFET's. Increases in the intensity of drain current fluctuations at 10Hz and at 1KHz, particularly at the higher frequency, was observed following accelerated life-testing for threshold voltage drift. It was also concluded that mobile ions near the oxide-semiconductor interface produce a sharp increase in fast trapping centers. It was also found that 1/F noise intensity consistently peaked at the threshold of drain breakdown and that it steadily decreased with further increases in drain current. Of all the transistors tested, those with …

Rubbery Acrylic Polymer Adhesives, Steven Walter

Theses

This study shows how rubbery acrylic polymer adhesives can be used to adhere rubber substrates to each other. Two substrate rubber compounds were used. A styrene-butadiene copolymer and a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The adhesives were homopolymers based on polybutyl acrylate and poly2-ethyl hexyl acrylate.

Two reference standards were used. The first was commercial rubber based, solvent cements. The second was commercial acrylic solution polymers. All experimental work was compared to these standards. An attempt was made to optimize the adhesive components, as well as the adhesive application procedures and curing conditions.

A primer coating consisting of polymer, monomer, and catalyst was …

Biocatalytic Oxidation Of Nitrilotriacetate, Saul Hammerman

Theses

The specific scope of this work is to study the biological and chemical effects of a single genetic strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis #9524, on the specific destruction to innocuous products of sodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Insofar as the same strain of bacteria was used each time, under limited variability and sterile conditions, the side effects of multiple bacterial strains and their inter-relationships among themselves and the organic substrates are eliminated. This has allowed for excellent replication of results.

This is a generalized technique for the evaluation of the biodegradability of a compound. Whereas tests with activated …

Antoine Type Equation For Liquid Viscosity Correlations, Edward Goletz Jr.

Theses

A modified Andrade⁴ equation, similar to the Antoine equation for vapor pressure-temperature correlations, was developed for liquid viscosity-temperature correlations. Included in the investigation were the following compounds: n-alkanes (C₂-C₂₀), n-alkenes (C₂-C₂₀), n-alkyl benzenes (C₆-C₁₀), n-alkyl cyclohexanes (C₆-C₂₂), and fifteen polar compounds. Except for propene, errors of less than 5% were obtained. Normal heptadecane was used to compare correlations developed by Andrade⁴, Walther²⁰, and Doolittle⁹, with the modified Andrade equation. The latter was found to give the best …

A Theoretical Study Of Continuous Parametric Pumping At Constant Temperature, Philip Weingartner

Theses

A continuous parametric pump, operating at constant temperature with pressure as the driving force, is analyized by means of an equilibrium theory. A thorough explanation of the process and the resulting mathematical model reveal how the parameters effect pump performance. The experimental data cited agree well with the analytical results in the CO₂-He on silica gel system. Complete removal of the solute from one of the product streams can be achieved through the proper selection of penetration distances and pressure levels.

The Quantitative Characterization Of Middle Distillate Fuels For Reduced Smoke Emission And Improved Low Temperature Operability, R. S. Feamster

Theses

Forty-eight inference equations are presented to approximate the hydrocarbon composition of middle distillate fuels and of the solids separating from these fuels at temperatures below their cloud points by consideration of fuel physical inspections. The physical inspections consist of API gravity, aniline point, cloud point, and distillation curves for ten fuels from major United States and European refineries. To determine the percentage of solids separating from cooled fuels, each fuel is filtered over a temperature range from the cloud point to -40 F in 10 F increments. Aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic hydrocarbon contents and the r-paraffin carbon number distributions of …

Stress-Relaxation Of Cross-Linked Polyethylene At Elevated Temperature, Ravio Luik

Theses

Polyethylene because of its excellent chemical, physical, mechanical and electrical properties, as well as its easy adaptability to extrusion, molding and other processes and its low cost has become a very widely used material for hundreds of applications. But, because it is a thermoplastic, it also deforms and flows when temperatures approach or exceed the crystalline melting point. This handicap, however, can be reduced by crosslinking the polymer chains and thereby converting the thermoplastic to a thermoset material. To further expand the possible uses of this popular material and to further improve the properties, fillers and antioxidants may be compounded …

A Computer Solution For Absorbers And Strippers Using The Newton-Raphson Iterative Method, Robert J. Lukach

Theses

The solution of absorber or stripper calculations by traditional methods can be a tedious, time consuming, if not a completely fruitless procedure. Hence a computer solution of these calculations is both desirable and, as the complexity of chemical process plants increases, necessary.

The component oriented Newton-Raphson procedure was programed to perform this calculation, and makes full use of the material and enthalpy balance equations to perform the iterative equilibrium stage calculations. A Newton-Raphson stage oriented method was also developed as a verification program to check the solutions obtained from the Newton-Raphson component oriented procedure.

Distillation Design Techniques, Ronald Michael Carlucci

Theses

A design method for binary distillation systems is presented that minimizes the required rigorous calculations. A computer program is developed that finds the number of theoretical stages, and feed stage for a specified separation and reboiler vapor rate. Results for three binary systems are presented.

The design method and computer program are extended to the multicomponent case at the condition of total reflux. Results for one ternary system are presented. The possibility of using the method at other than total reflux is discussed. Usage of the method to search for multicomponent azeotropes and results are also presented.

Analytic equations are …

Computer Simulation Of A Split Feed Claus Sulfur Recovery Plant, Thomas R. Woolley

Theses

A computer program which calculates a complete heat and material balance around a "split feed" Claus sulfur recovery plant was written in Fortran IV for the RCA Spectra 70 computer. The program provides for up to three catalytic reactors, the hot gas bypass method of reheating, and a feed gas containing hydrogen sulfide, water vapor, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The program user specifies as input data the feed stream composition and temperature, the number of reactors, the combustion air temperature, the conversion in each reactor, the outlet temperature in each condenser, and the fraction of burner exit gas used for reheating …

The Photolysis Of Chlorobenzene In An Aqueous Environment, Louis John Del Tufo

Theses

Chlorobenzene was chosen as a model system for the study of photochemically induced reactions in an aqueous environment. It was the goal of this research to achieve a reaction system which best approximates conditions existing in the environment. To do this, a basic model system was established, and then the effect on the rate by various parameters was studied. These parameters, which included the presence of oxygen and such inorganic compounds as might be present in receiving waters, (e.g. nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate), were chosen so as to meet the goal of this research.

Kinetic data was obtained for seven …