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LSU Master's Theses

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Metal-Doped Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts For Condensations To Ketones, Arvind Karkal Bhat Jan 2004

Metal-Doped Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts For Condensations To Ketones, Arvind Karkal Bhat

LSU Master's Theses

Metal-doped supported rare earth oxide catalysts were examined to determine their suitability for the decarboxylative condensation of two carboxylic acids to produce ketones. The catalysts were characterized based on chemisorption tests, coke analysis using thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Effect of catalyst particle size on rate of reaction was studied for various supported cerium oxide catalysts. Catalysts were tested for activity, selectivity, and stability using isothermal fixed bed reactors. Optimal operating conditions for the production of diisopropyl ketone and methyl nonyl ketone were determined. It was found that supported cerium oxide catalysts effectively catalyzed the condensation of isobutyric acid …

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Towards Automation Of Forensic Facial Reconstruction, Hemant Narendra Khatod Jan 2004

Towards Automation Of Forensic Facial Reconstruction, Hemant Narendra Khatod

LSU Master's Theses

Forensic facial reconstruction is a blend of art and science thus computerizing the process leads to numerous solutions. However, complete automation remains a challenge. This research concentrates on automating the first phase of forensic facial reconstruction which is automatic landmark detection by model fitting and extraction of feature points. Detection of landmarks is a challenging task since the skull orientation in a 3D scanned data cloud is generally arbitrary and unknown. To address the issue, well defined skull and mandible models with known geometric structure, features and orientation are (1) aligned and (2) fit to the scanned data. After model …

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Bacterial Plume Dynamics In The Marshland Upwelling System Employed In The Near Freshwater Conditions, Benjamin Kojo Addo Jan 2004

Bacterial Plume Dynamics In The Marshland Upwelling System Employed In The Near Freshwater Conditions, Benjamin Kojo Addo

LSU Master's Theses

The marshland upwelling system (MUS) was installed in a floatation marsh along the banks of the Bayou Segnette Waterway, Louisiana. This site was characterized by native groundwater of low salinity regime. Previous studies focused on the removal of fecal pathogens from settled/raw and secondarily treated wastewater under high saline groundwater conditions. The objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify the impact of natural die-off on bacterial removal within the MUS, 2) determine bacterial retardation rates in laboratory-repacked sandy loam soil columns, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the MUS in removing fecal pathogens from settled, raw wastewater. Varying salinities …

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Evolution Of Base Substitution Gradients In Primate Mitochondrial Genomes, Sameer Raina Jan 2004

Evolution Of Base Substitution Gradients In Primate Mitochondrial Genomes, Sameer Raina

LSU Master's Theses

The availability of large amounts of genetic data from the mitochondrial DNA of species has created an unprecedented opportunity for the study of evolutionary processes. Being our closest relatives on the evolutionary tree the primates are a prime candidate for the study of evolutionary processes. The availability of large amounts of genetic data from the primates allows us to study and compare results from different phylogenetic reconstruction methods and to study and trace rudimentary evolutionary processes within the primate lineage. The evolutionary process studied here is the response of the nucleotide frequency ratios to single-strandedness of sites during mitochondrial DNA …

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Removal Of Toxic Organics In Wetlands: A Mechanistic Model, Luz Edith Florez Jan 2004

Removal Of Toxic Organics In Wetlands: A Mechanistic Model, Luz Edith Florez

LSU Master's Theses

The ability of removing toxic organic compounds in natural systems is important due to the capacity of these toxicants to increase risk of diseases when they are ingested by humans. This study developed a mechanistic model to estimate the removal efficiency of toxic organics in wetlands using the tanks-in-series model. Sensitivity analyses were performed for different values of the hydraulic loading rate and two kinds of wetlands: bottomland hardwood forest and freshwater marsh. It was observed the effect in the removal efficiency by the number of cell in series was principally perceived for values of N between 1 and 4; …

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Optimal Rate Of Freezing Biological Systems, Sreedhar Thirumala Jan 2004

Optimal Rate Of Freezing Biological Systems, Sreedhar Thirumala

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis addresses optimization techniques for cryopreservation of biological systems. A part of the thesis (Chapter 2) reports a simplified procedure to predict the optimal rate of freezing biological systems once the cell level parameters are known a priori. The key cell level parameters investigated were, reference permeability of the membrane to water (Lpg), apparent activation energy (ELp), inactive cell volume (Vb), diameter (D), and the ratio of the available surface area for water transport to the initial volume of intracellular water (SA/WV). The simplified procedure was developed by performing a thorough analysis of the water transport model over a …

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Joint Optimization Of Process Improvement Investments For Supplier-Buyer Cooperative Commerce, Erick Comeaux Jan 2004

Joint Optimization Of Process Improvement Investments For Supplier-Buyer Cooperative Commerce, Erick Comeaux

LSU Master's Theses

This research focuses on supporting the formation of strategic alliances through the concept of cooperative commerce, where suppliers and buyers work together to jointly optimize their businesses. The general goal of this research is to examine existing cooperative commerce models for obstacles that would hinder their successful implementation into modern industrial applications and to address those shortcomings. Total annual cost equations are formulated to capture the joint total relevant cost of cooperative commerce business relationships. These total joint relevant cost models will include terms that capture the ordering cost, holding cost, and cost of quality, as well as any applicable …

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Iddq Testing Of A Cmos First Order Sigma-Delta Modulator Of An 8-Bit Oversampling Adc, Anand K. Chamakura Jan 2004

Iddq Testing Of A Cmos First Order Sigma-Delta Modulator Of An 8-Bit Oversampling Adc, Anand K. Chamakura

LSU Master's Theses

This work presents IDDQ testing of a CMOS first order sigma-delta modulator of an 8-bit oversampling analog-to-digital converter using a built-in current sensor [BICS]. Gate-drain, source-drain, gate-source and gate-substrate bridging faults are injected using fault injection transistors. All the four faults cause varying fault currents and are successfully detected by the BICS at a good operation speed. The BICS have a negligible impact on the performance of the modulator and an external pin is provided to completely cut-off the BICS from the modulator. The modulator was designed and fabricated in 1.5 μm n-well CMOS process. The decimator was designed on …

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Modeling Of River Hydrodynamics And Active Cap Effectiveness In The Anacostia River, Keegan L. Roberts Jan 2004

Modeling Of River Hydrodynamics And Active Cap Effectiveness In The Anacostia River, Keegan L. Roberts

LSU Master's Theses

The Anacostia Active Capping Project (AACP) is a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded initiative to develop and implement, on a field scale, active capping barrier technologies. Overseen by the Hazardous Substance Research Center, South and Southwest (HSRC), the AACP plans to demonstrate the ability of active capping barrier technologies to prevent the migration of contaminants from the sediment bed to the overlying water column of the Anacostia River. The demonstration project will involve the placement and monitoring of four individual types of capping materials (apatite, Aquablok, coke breeze, and sand) and the monitoring of one control (i.e. uncapped) …

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Design, Fabrication And Thermomechanical Testing Of A Vertical Bimorph Sensor In The Wafer Plane, Madhulika Sathe Jan 2004

Design, Fabrication And Thermomechanical Testing Of A Vertical Bimorph Sensor In The Wafer Plane, Madhulika Sathe

LSU Master's Theses

A bimetallic recurve device was designed, fabricated and tested as a temperature sensor. The device is to be used for sensing temperatures up to 300 C inside oil wells for downhole condition monitoring. Continuous downhole measurements at high temperatures and pressures are required to monitor conditions downhole instruments are exposed to during use. Currently mercury thermometers and resistive temperature detectors (RTD) are used for downhole temperature measurements. Microsensors have potential application downhole, due to their small size and inherent robustness. The principle of a bimetallic beam was used to measure temperature. A bimetallic beam deflects with changes in temperature due …

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Study Of Characteristics Of Plasma Nitriding And Oxidation Of Superalloy In738lc, Mary Shanti Pampana Jan 2004

Study Of Characteristics Of Plasma Nitriding And Oxidation Of Superalloy In738lc, Mary Shanti Pampana

LSU Master's Theses

IN738LC is a nickel base superalloy, widely used in various applications in turbine engines at high temperatures. Its oxidation and nitriding characteristics were focused in this study. Oxidation kinetics of IN738LC in dry air was studied at selected temperatures, specially chosen depending on the chemical dynamics of the alloy at such high temperatures during annealing. Isothermal oxidation in dry air was carried out at 1000°C, 1090°C, 1140°C and 1190°C. XRD results indicated an interesting onset of preferred orientation in the ã’ depleted layer in all the samples. The XPS and XRD analyses revealed the main oxide phases present in the …

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Effects Of Automobile Seating Posture On Trunk Muscle Activity, Milton Maada-Gormoh Saidu Jan 2004

Effects Of Automobile Seating Posture On Trunk Muscle Activity, Milton Maada-Gormoh Saidu

LSU Master's Theses

Reports for adult population indicate that almost 80% of the adult population has reported some form of lower back aches. Each year American workers suffer more than 300,000 lost-time injuries involving musculoskeletal disorders of the back, with the costs that run into billions of dollars. Sedentary tasks are known to be major contributing factors of back pain. Prior studies have indicated that the myoelectric activity of the lumbar region decreases when the back rest inclination of a seat increased. An increase in seat pan inclination so that it increases pressure on the leg muscles is also a cause for back …

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Innovative Cooling Configurations For Low Emission Gas Turbine Combustors, Ryan Thomas Hebert Jan 2004

Innovative Cooling Configurations For Low Emission Gas Turbine Combustors, Ryan Thomas Hebert

LSU Master's Theses

Presently, effective cooling of modern low NOx combustor liners is achieved through combinations of innovative impingement configurations and other heat transfer enhancement methods. An inherent characteristic of conventional impingement configurations is the occurrence of downstream heat transfer degradation due to increased crossflow effects. In the present study, two different impingement configurations are studied. Both impingement configurations examined in this study aim to increase heat transfer effectiveness by reducing the detrimental effects of spent air crossflow. In Part I, a combination technique wherein impingement is combined with ribs placed in between impingement rows is studied. Three configurations with increased rib placements …

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Improved Opportunity Cost Algorithm For Carrier Selection In Combinatorial Auctions, Viswanath Uma Gnanasekaran Jan 2004

Improved Opportunity Cost Algorithm For Carrier Selection In Combinatorial Auctions, Viswanath Uma Gnanasekaran

LSU Master's Theses

Transportation costs constitute up to thirty percent of the total costs involved in a supply chain. Outsourcing the transportation service requirements to third party logistics providers have been widely adopted, as they are economically more rational than owning and operating a service. Transportation service procurement has been traditionally done through an auctioning process where the auctioneer (shipper) auctions lanes (distinct delivery routes) to bidders (carriers). Individual lanes were being auctioned separately disallowing the carriers to express complements and substitutes. Using combinatorial auctions mechanism to auction all available lanes together would allow the carriers to take advantage of the lane bundles, …

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Tissue Interactions With Lasers And Liquid Nitrogen: A Novel Cryopreservation Method, Deepak Kandra Jan 2004

Tissue Interactions With Lasers And Liquid Nitrogen: A Novel Cryopreservation Method, Deepak Kandra

LSU Master's Theses

The importance of the imposed cooling rate in cryopreserving native cells and tissues has been long recognized in the field of cryobiology. When biological tissues are subjected to cooling rates in excess of thousands of degree C per minute, the characteristic structural and physical manifestations of the ice formed are such that the traditional damage due to ice formation at lower cooling rates are suppressed. Hence, achieving high cooling rates in tissues and cells of biologically relevant sizes (mm’s and cm’s) has been a long standing research problem. In the present study, we present a novel technique to achieve high …

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Color, Texture And Rehydration Characteristics Of Ohmically Treated Sweet Potatoes, Sireesha Bhattiprolu Jan 2004

Color, Texture And Rehydration Characteristics Of Ohmically Treated Sweet Potatoes, Sireesha Bhattiprolu

LSU Master's Theses

Ohmic heating has been shown to affect the drying rate and texture of foods. This research was designed to determine the effect of ohmic heating on rehydration, color and texture properties of sweet potatoes. Three combinations: 60Hz, 40V, 60Hz, 60V and 1Hz, 40V were applied to ohmically heat sweet potato cubes. The ohmic treated cubes and untreated cubes or controls were stored for six days in four different %relative humidities of 11.15%, 32.73%, 57.70% and 75.32%. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the rehydration properties of ohmic treated samples and control samples. The % moisture gain varied …

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Heat/Mass Transfer In Smooth And Ribbed Rectangular Serpentine Passages Of Different Aspect Ratio's And Orientation, Peeyush Agarwal Jan 2004

Heat/Mass Transfer In Smooth And Ribbed Rectangular Serpentine Passages Of Different Aspect Ratio's And Orientation, Peeyush Agarwal

LSU Master's Theses

An experimental study of heat/mass transfer in rectangular smooth and ribbed serpentine passages with and without rotation in two different aspect ratios (1:4 and 4:1) channel is performed for two different orientations of the test section (90-degree and 45-degree). The Reynolds number is varied in the range of 5,000 to 40,000 and rotation numbers in the range of 0-0.12. Such passages are encountered close to the mid-chord sections or towards the trailing edge of the turbine blade. Two different configurations of the Normal ribs (e/Dh=0.3125, P/e=8 and e/Dh=0.156, P/e=11.2) are placed on the leading and the …

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Mems Accelerometer: Proof Of Concept For Geotechnical Engineering Testing, Keith Nicholas Hoffman Jan 2004

Mems Accelerometer: Proof Of Concept For Geotechnical Engineering Testing, Keith Nicholas Hoffman

LSU Master's Theses

Geotechnical engineering materials are inherently variable, which leads to many simplifications when trying to model their behavior. The materials must always be characterized prior to any design work so that the engineer knows which direction he must progress to have a reliable design. Although subsurface characterization techniques and geotechnical design steadily improve, they are by no means infallible. The combination of geotechnical subsurface characterization along with geophysical techniques for improved design and construction monitoring has begun to surface as a viable alternative to the standard techniques in geotechnical engineering. This is important because there is a lack of Quality Control/Quality …

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Photo-Control Of Dna Oligonucleotides With Cage Compounds, Bilal Ghosn Jan 2004

Photo-Control Of Dna Oligonucleotides With Cage Compounds, Bilal Ghosn

LSU Master's Theses

Many biochemical processes in which DNA and other nucleic acids participate are central to functions in both living cells and in molecular biology assays. While many compounds have been used to regulate the activity of DNA, these strategies are limited to the aqueous-based diffusion of the activator to the target DNA molecule. An improvement to the induction of DNA bioactivity is to move to a light-based modulation. This research demonstrates a light-based technique using a photo-cleavable cage compound to transiently inactivate DNA hybridization. Function can be restored with exposure to near-UV light, allowing for temporal control of DNA oligonucleotide (ODN) …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Tribological Behavior Of Nitrogen-Doped Chromium-Diamond-Like Carbon Nanocomposite Thin Films, Sunil Kumar Pal Jan 2004

Synthesis, Characterization And Tribological Behavior Of Nitrogen-Doped Chromium-Diamond-Like Carbon Nanocomposite Thin Films, Sunil Kumar Pal

LSU Master's Theses

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been extensively studied for more than two decades due to their highly attractive properties. These films exhibit unique mechanical, chemical and electronic properties and thus, possess great potential for applications in tribology. However, two drawbacks in the DLC films are high level of internal stress developed during growth preventing deposition of thick films and low thermal stability. Synthesis of Me-DLC (Cr-DLC and N-doped Cr-DLC) presents a way to overcome these drawbacks. In the present study, DLC, Cr-DLC and N-doped Cr-DLC films were deposited on Si substrate using a hybrid Plasma assisted CVD/PVD process. Film characterization …

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An Evaluation Of Methods Used To Obtain The Railroad Preemption Queue Clearance Time, Deeangela Renee Kenon Jan 2004

An Evaluation Of Methods Used To Obtain The Railroad Preemption Queue Clearance Time, Deeangela Renee Kenon

LSU Master's Theses

Because of the potential for serious train-vehicle accidents at or near railroad-highway grade crossings, preemption of traffic signals is a very important supplement to an active warning system. Preemption is the transfer of normal signal phasing to a special control mode with the purpose of clearing any vehicles that are queued within the dynamic envelope as the train approaches, and prohibiting signal phases that would allow additional vehicles in the track area while the train is present. The focus of this research was the determination of the Clear Track Green Interval (or the Queue Clearance Time). The clear track green …

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Design And Performance Of Electric Shock Absorber, Oly D. Paz Jan 2004

Design And Performance Of Electric Shock Absorber, Oly D. Paz

LSU Master's Theses

The electric shock absorber is a device that converts the kinetic energy of an oscillating object into electric energy. This kinetic energy is normally dumped in a form of thermal energy in a conventional, mechanical shock absorber. The electric shock absorber consists of a permanent magnet linear synchronous generator (PMLSG), a spring, and an electric energy accumulator. The major goal of the project is to design and analyze the operation of an electric shock absorber. In order to define the initial requirements that the electric shock absorber has to satisfy, the construction and performance of currently used shock absorbers were …

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Fabrication And Assembly Of An Array Of Micro Fuel Injector Nozzles For A Trapped-Vortex Combustor, Tracy Ettel Morris Jan 2004

Fabrication And Assembly Of An Array Of Micro Fuel Injector Nozzles For A Trapped-Vortex Combustor, Tracy Ettel Morris

LSU Master's Theses

An array of four fuel injector nozzles, each with micrometer-scale swirlers and a microhole, is created on a single coupon. The nozzles are intended to atomize fuel to blend with swirling air before ejecting into a trapped-vortex combustion chamber. A first-generation metal prototype is fabricated in order to form the micro features, supply the fuel and gas to the nozzles, and guide the mixture to the combustion chamber. Microfabrication methods and precision machining are used to create a multiple plate laminate assembly. The central plate contains the four microholes, which atomize the fuel, and facilitate the swirler structures needed to …

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Analysis And Evaluation Of A Bioengineered Submerged Breakwater, Matthew Dwain Campbell Jan 2004

Analysis And Evaluation Of A Bioengineered Submerged Breakwater, Matthew Dwain Campbell

LSU Master's Theses

Louisiana's coastline has received national attention due to rapid erosion rates estimated from approximately 60 to 100 square kilometers per year. The disappearance of coastal areas jeopardizes public and private infrastructure, property values, aquatic ecosystems, and standards of living. In order to resolve the erosion problem, innovative solutions have been explored that may improve effectiveness and cost efficiency. This research involves a technology, termed an "oysterbreak," which is a bioengineered submerged breakwater. This structure promotes oysters to form a dense structure that dissipates wave energy. Since the structure is biologically dominated, initial material use is modest. The oysterbreak was evaluated …

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Towards Automated Capture Of 3d Foot Geometry For Custom Orthoses, Rajeev Madazhy Jan 2004

Towards Automated Capture Of 3d Foot Geometry For Custom Orthoses, Rajeev Madazhy

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis presents a novel method of capturing 3D foot geometry from images for custom shoe insole manufacture. Orthopedic footwear plays an important role as a treatment and prevention of foot conditions associated with diabetes. Through the use of customized shoe insoles, a podiatrist can provide a means to better distribute the pressure around the foot, and can also correct the biomechanics of the foot. Different foot scanners are used to obtain the geometric plantar surface of foot, but are expensive and more generic in nature. The focus of this thesis is to build 3D foot structure from a pair …

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Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater Containing High Concentrations Of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (Las), Luis Alberto Espinoza Jan 2004

Biological Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater Containing High Concentrations Of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (Las), Luis Alberto Espinoza

LSU Master's Theses

Lauryl Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) is the major anionic surfactant used worldwide in detergent and household cleaning product formulations. Its biodegradation and removal has been extensively studied in wastewater treatment facilities and laboratory-scale tests at low concentrations (<10 mg/L) typical of those encountered in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Less effort, however, has been expended investigating degradation of higher concentrations of LAS representative of those expected in wastewater generated at LAS manufacturing operations. The research described in this thesis was conducted to study biological processes for treating wastewaters containing high concentrations (e.g., 400 mg/L) of LAS. Initial experiments were carried out using a respirometry technique, and subsequently, three different laboratory-scale bioreactor systems. The three systems studied were a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR), and an Intermittent Cycle Extension Aeration System (ICEAS). The SBR and ICEAS were operated on a five-day cycle basis with a hydraulic retention time of four days. The SBBR was operated mainly in a two-day cycle having a hydraulic retention time of ten days as well, and polyurethane foam cubes were used as a support medium for attached biomass growth. The three systems were compared on their ability to remove LAS measured in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and methylene blue active substances (MBAS). The reactors were also compared on the basis of foam production. The ICEAS showed the best performance in terms of controllable foam production while exhibiting a capacity for effectively dealing with transient periods of elevated loading. When a short Fill period was used, the SBR and SBBR had the disadvantage of producing excessive foaming, and an intermittent aeration strategy was required avoid overflow.

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Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Transport Processes In Biological Systems, Yimeng He Jan 2004

Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Transport Processes In Biological Systems, Yimeng He

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis focuses on optimization techniques for transport process during the cryopreservation of biological systems. In the first part of this thesis, a well established shape independent Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique was used to measure the dehydration response during freezing of Pacific oyster sperm cells. Volumetric shrinkage during freezing of diploid and tetraploid pacific oyster sperm cell suspensions was obtained at cooling rates of 5 and 20 ˚C/min in the presence of extracellular ice and CPAs. By fitting a model of water transport to the experimentally obtained volumetric shrinkage data the best fit membrane permeability parameters (Lpg and …

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Travel Time Tomographic Imaging Of The Distribution Of The Effective Stress In Clean Sand Under A Model Footing, William M. Tanner Jan 2004

Travel Time Tomographic Imaging Of The Distribution Of The Effective Stress In Clean Sand Under A Model Footing, William M. Tanner

LSU Master's Theses

The use of high-speed data acquisition systems, inexpensive and reliable transducers, and better models of interpretation have combined to make elastic wave tomographic imaging of geotechnical engineering systems easier to accomplish both in the laboratory and in the field. An important application of these developments is that the evaluation of states of effective stress in soils using images of elastic wave velocity distribution. As a consequence, it is possible to experimentally estimate the state of induced and in-situ effective stresses and to compare these results with established models of stress distribution based on the theory of elasticity (e.g., Boussinesq’s solution). …

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Watermarking Using Decimal Sequences, Navneet Kumar Mandhani Jan 2004

Watermarking Using Decimal Sequences, Navneet Kumar Mandhani

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis introduces the use of decimal sequences in watermarking to hide information for authentication. The underlying system is based on code division multiple access (CDMA), which is a form of spread spectrum communication. Different algorithms for the use of decimal sequences have been formulated for use in black and white images. The watermark is spread across the carrier image by using the d- sequences of optimal period and retrieval is made by the use of correlation. Matlab version 6.5 was used to implement the algorithms discussed in this thesis. The advantage of using d-sequences over PN sequences is that …

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A Novel Mechanical Seal Design With Superior Thermal Characteristics, Anoop Kumar Somanchi Jan 2004

A Novel Mechanical Seal Design With Superior Thermal Characteristics, Anoop Kumar Somanchi

LSU Master's Theses

A mechanical face seal is an important component of variety of pumps used in chemical, petrochemical and process industry. The primary function of a mechanical seal is to prevent leakage of the process fluid from the pump housing and shaft to the environment. The factors that affect the performance of a mechanical seal to leak are friction, wear and its thermal characteristics. Improving upon the thermal characteristics of a mating ring in a mechanical seal would enhance its performance. Implanting a heat exchanger in the mating ring hold great promise for improving the performance of mechanical seals from the viewpoint …

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