Engineering Commons^™

Use Of Kentucky Rock Asphalt For De-Slicking Purposes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

According to Joe Creason's report appearing in the Courier-Journal June 23, 1957 (copy attached), the Kentucky Rock Asphalt Company elected, June 14, 1957, to liquidate. Among the assets was a stockpile of material which was valued at $197,000 (I recall that the stated price, F.O.B. Sweden, in 1955 was $7.00 per ton); this calculates to be 28,140 tons-- which is a small quantity in comparison to the gross production (200,000 to 275,000 tons; $1.2 to $1.75 million) during some prior years. Apparently 1956 was the last year of sales, and I believe that Kentucky was the sole purchaser. Perhaps as …

Construction Of A Class I, Type A Surface Containing Paradise Slag Aggregate (Experimental) Drakesboro-Paradise Road (Ky 176), Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Drakesboro-Paradise Road (KY 176), extending 2.84 miles from its junction with KY 70 at Drakesboro to a point on KY 176 approximately 1.8 miles southwest of Paradise, was surfaced in early August with a 1 1/4-in, course of Class I, Type A bituminous concrete containing 40 percent wet-bottom-boiler slag from the T.V.A. power plant at Paradise, Kentucky. The use of the slag was on an experimental basis, and the objective was to determine the feasibility of utilizing the slag as an anti-skid aggregate in other, high-type,bituminous surfacing in that area. A laboratory investigation preceded the field experiment, and the …

Manufactured (Crushed), Limestone, Fine Aggregate For Portland Cement Concrete, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Manufactured (crushed), limestone, fine aggregate for use in structural concrete, concrete base courses for pavements, or as may otherwise be designated, shall be manufactured by crushing and sizing aggregate-quality limestones and dolomites. Manufactured (crushed), limestone, fine aggregate shall not be used in concrete surface courses for pavements or bridge decks unless specifically authorized by the Engineer.

Annual Report Fiscal Year 1963-64, Kentucky Highway Materials Research Laboratory

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Use Of Preformed, Compressed, Neoprene Seals In Joints Of Concrete Bridge Decks, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Two types of seals are proposed for installation in contraction and construction joints in Ramp A, Ramp B, and the Main-Line structures from Third Street to Preston Street on Project I64-2(24)4, Jefferson County. The majority of contraction and construction joints are to be sealed with the preformed, compressed, neoprene seals. Specific joints in each structure will be sealed with cold-applied, elastomeric-type, joint-sealing compound; and these will be used as control joints for evaluation of the preformed, compressed, neoprene seals. Installation of all seals will be observed, and inspections will be made periodically. The performance of mastic-type sealants in joints in …

Kentucky Rock Asphalt, Traffic-Bound Bases, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky rock asphalt (a medium-grained quartz sandstone impregnated with natural bitumen) occurs as major deposits in Edmonson, Grayson, Hardin, Breckinridge, Logan and Warren Counties. Physiographically these deposits occur along the southeastern margin of the Western Coal Field. Geologically the Caseyville formation (particularly the Bee Spring member) of the Pottsville series of the Pennsylvania strata and the Hardinsburg and Cypress sandstones of the Middle Chester series of the Mississippian strata are of interest. The areal geology of Kentucky is shown in Figure 1 and the locations of rock asphalt deposits are depicted in Figure 2.

Performance Of Initial Treatments, Constructed During 1963, James H. Havens, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Seventeen initial bituminous treatment projects were advertised for bids during 1963, which permitted bituminous concrete Class I Surface (hot-mix) as an alternate to Class C-1 Surface (road-mix). The hot-mix surface course was to contain a minimum of 6 percent PAC-9. Eleven of the contracts, totaling 38.841 miles in length, were awarded as hot-mix; and the remaining six contracts, totaling 18.12 miles in length, were awarded as road-mix.

Final Construction And Interim Performance Report: Experimental Use Of Thermoplastic Pavement-Striping Materials, James H. Havens, John W. Scott

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes and objectives of this study are: 1) to evaluate the application and performance characteristics of hot-melt plastic, pavement-striping materials which are presently prominent and known commercially as "Catatherm" and "Perma-Line"; 2) to compare the performance of these materials with the performance of painted stripes applied and re-newed according to the current practices of the Kentucky Department of Highways; and 3) to evaluate the economics of these striping materials in terms of cost-per-pile per-day-of-useful-life. The project is described more fully in the "Proposal..." (approved by Division Engineer, September 7, 1962) and in Report No. 1 (Pre-Construction Report) submitted September …

Weighing Vehicles In Motion [1964], College Of Engineering, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the construction, installation, testing and performance analysis of three types of dynamic electronic scales; the Taller-Cooper, a commercially developed four load cell scale, the Broke Bridge, an adaptation of a German prototype employing two load cells and the Bean Type Scale, an experimental prototype that uses a pair of instrumented aluminum beams as the weight sensors.

Proposed Special Specification For Manufactured (Crushed) Limestone, Fine Aggregate For Use In Portland Cement Concrete, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Kentucky Highway Research Program, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Inspection Of Salt-Treated Granular Bases, Multiple Seals, District 8, James H. Havens, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Effects Of Quick Freezing On Saturated Fragments Of Rocks, John W. Scott, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Quick freezing of a fragment of rock which is fully saturated with water is, perhaps, the most rigorous of all tests for soundness, durability, or resistance to weathering. So-called soundness or quality tests employed currently, or heretofore, for evaluating concrete aggregates are usually less rigorous inasmuch as the state of saturation at the outset of freezing is not at a critical level. Hence, the number of freeze-thaw cycles endured by a rock specimen undergoing freezing and thawing in the presence of available water may merely reflect the duration of the exposure before the rock becomes vulnerable to damage -- i.e., …

A Laboratory Investigation Of The Properties Of Coal-Bitumen Paving Mixtures, Gary Grant Howard

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using coal, and to a lesser extent coal mine wastes, as aggregate in bituminous paving mixtures. These local aggregates were laboratory tested in bitumen-aggregate mixtures and, more particularly, in so-called cold-mixes. The bitumen-aggregate mixtures were evaluated by the Immersion-Compression Test, ASTM D 1075-60, with modifications for cold mixtures recommended in the Public Roads Journal (4).

In this initial study, since it was not possible to evaluate all types of mixtures, the primary question of whether coal and its waste products can be used as road aggregate could not …

A Rheological Investigation Of Asphaltic Materials, W. A. Mossbarger Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Asphalts, serving as cements or binders in bituminous pavements, behave essentially as purely viscous, mobile, liquids at high temperatures and assume varying degrees of viscoelasticity, plasticity, elasticity, etc., upon cooling. They stiffen to a semi-solid state at cold temperature and do not. exhibit a discrete melting or freezing point, Saal (1)* classifies bitumens into three types according to their rheological properties at normal temperatures. They are: 1) those which behave entirely or almost entirely like Newtonian liquids, 2) those which show elastic effects during initial deformation and which exhibit Newtonian flow thereafter, and 3) those which show almost complete resilience …

Fourth Annual Performance Survey Of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A stylized, rational criterion for the structural design and installation of reinforced concrete pipe culverts was developed by the Bureau of Public Roads in cooperation with Prof. M. G. Spangler of Iowa State College and the American Concrete Pipe Association and was distributed to the various state highway agencies, April 4, 1957, as Circular Memorandum 22-40.* The criterion was intended to bring together and simplify methods for computing the strengths required for various fill heights and conditions of bedding. The several highway agencies were urged to adopt the criterion for use on all Federal-aid projects and accordingly, the Kentucky Department …

Status Report On Landslide Area On I-75, Covington, Kentucky [August 1963], Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report has been prepared to describe the conditions of the landslide area on Interstate Route I-75 in Covington, Kentucky, since May 15, 1963, the date of an earlier status report. Subsurface data which has been collected and assembled during the past three months is also included. Possible corrective considerations have also been included in this report.

The rainfall data included in this report, as well as the previous status report (May 15, 1963), are the official 24-hour precipitation recorded by the U. S. Weather Bureau at the Greater Cincinnati Airport in Boone County, Kentucky. The airport is located approximately …

Interim Report On Rural Secondary, Base Stabilization Projects, Robert C. Deen, J. D. Shackelford

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Early in 1962, the Division of Rural Highways selected several base stabilization projects for construction during the 1962 season. These projects were to involve the addition of 1-1/2 to 3 inches of compacted granular base to existing, rural secondary, traffic-bound macadam roads. Since these roads were not intended to be surfaced, calcium chloride and sodium chloride were to be added to the additional granular base material in an attempt to retain or "hold" the aggregate on the road. This treatment was in tended to improve the road and to build up the base over a period of a few years …

Status Report On Landslide Area On I-75, Covington, Kentucky [May 1963], Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report has been prepared to describe the history and present condition of a landslide area on Interstate Route I-75 in Covington, Kentucky, This landslide is one of several to be studied as part of a research project on the "Development of a Practical Method of Locating and Tracing Seepage Water in Unstable Slopes. " On April 10, 1963, a request was submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads to change the Work Program HPS-1(24) to include this research project. Approval was received on May 2, 1963. Work done on this research project prior to May 2 was at Department …

Inspection-Performance Report; Plant-Mix, Initial Treatment; Morgantown-Woodbury Road, Butler County, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Experimental Use Of Thermo-Plastic Pavement-Striping Materials, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes and objectives of this experimental study are: 1) to evaluate the application and performance characteristics of hot-melt plastic, pavement-striping materials which are presently prominent and known commercially as "Catatherm" and "Perma-Line"; 2) to compare the performance of these materials with the performance of painted stripes applied and re-newed according to the current practices of the Kentucky Department of Highways; and 3) to evaluate the economics of these striping materials in terms of cost-per-mile per-day-of-useful-life, The project is described more fully in the "Proposal... " (approved by Division Engineer, September 7, 1962) and in Report No. 1 (Pre-Construction Report) …

Slurry Seal Maintenance And Test Applications Of 1962, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Some Effects Of Fabrication Practices On The Strength Characteristics Of Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Underground conduits have been used for hundreds of years for drainage and water supply purposes. With the advent of railway and auto-mobile transportation, the use of underground conduits for drainage purposes beneath the roadways increased greatly. It soon became apparent that there was a definite need for knowledge concerning the manufacture, installation, and field behavior of pipe culverts. Accordingly, in the first half of the century, much attention and research has been directed toward the development and establishment of acceptable techniques and specifications fot the manufacture and installation of pipe culverts. This work has been accomplished by many individuals and …

Concrete, Bridge Decks: Deterioration, Coatings And Repairs, James H. Havens, William B. Drake

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report is not wholly a culmination of a planned or programmed research project. It is a historical account of damage sustained by both new and old concrete bridge-decks -- through freeze-thaw, salt action, etc, -- and of some expedient repairs which have been effected. The problem of durability in concrete bridge-decks has become increasingly critical during the past ten years or so and is now a major concern to highway engineers throughout the northern tier of states. While there is not yet a concerted agreement in regard to the cause of the trouble, relief is being sought through improved …

Fundamental Principles In Paint Technology, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

There are certain fundamental volumetric relationships which should be observed in designing and formulating paints for various uses.

A Study Of The Hydraulics Of Drop-Inlet-Type Culvert Models, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In certain unique situations, a drop-inlet-type of culvert might be employed to a greater advantage than the standard box- or pipe-type culvert. A drop-inlet consists merely of a vertical drop-section at the upstream end of the culvert. The drop section is connected to the main barrel of the culvert by means of an elbow or merely a rightangle intersection. The entrance to the drop-section must collect and funnel the channel water into the drop section. Thus, intercepting dams and sidewalls may be needed to form the entrance. Figure 1 illustrates, in a general way, some of the options which may …

Third Annual Performance Survey Of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In April, 1957, under Circular Memorandum 22-40, the Bureau of Public Roads issued a rational criterion covering beddings of reinforced concrete pipe, construction methods, and simplified methods for determining the allowable heights of fill over pipe having given D-load strengths. The states were urged to adopt the criterion; and, accordingly, the Kentucky Department of Highways issued Amendments No. 15 and 16 (Feb, 28, 1958) to its 1956 edition of Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction and Standard Drawings Nos. 11.22 and 11.23. These amendments and standard drawings were patterned after the criterion of the Bureau of Public Roads but …

Construction Report On Experimental Use Of Natural, Bituminous, Quartz Sandstone (Kentucky Rock Asphalt) As A Traffic-Bound Aggregate, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Major deposits of natural, bituminous, quartz sandstone (Kentucky Rock Asphalt) occur in six counties of western Kentucky and a few minor deposits occur in eastern Kentucky. Crushed rock asphalt has been used extensively in Kentucky and elsewhere for over 50 years for surfacing roads.* The most productive area was in Edmonson County where the Caseyville and Bee Springs formations were quarried and mined. These deposits have been described as oil-pools which are now defunct and from which only the asphaltic residue remains. The bitumen content of the rock varies locally in a quarry or mine; and, because of this, enormous …

Investigation Of Aggregate Occurrence In Logan County, Kentucky, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

As requested in your memorandum of September 12, we have conducted an extensive series of tests on the natural sand produced by Kapco Construction Company in Logan County. There was some question regarding the classification of the sand -- whether it would be termed a manufactured, a crushed conglomerate, or a natural sand. I had Mr. George R. Laughlin, Geologist of the Research Division, visit and inspect the pit. A copy of Mr. Laughlin's report to me is attached for your file. He reports that the material being produced is a washed, natural sand and similar in production procedure to …

Laboratory Test Results On Natural Sand Produced By The Kapco Construction Company In Logan County, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

On September 19, 1962, a sample of sand produced by the Kapco Construction Company was received by the Research Division. This material was sampled at the quarry in Logan County and forwarded to the Research Division by personnel from District No. 3 of the Bowling Green Office. The sample was submitted for laboratory evaluation in regard to possible use of the material as fine aggregate in Class A concrete.