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Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

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Articles 991 - 1020 of 1299

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Global Exponential Stability Criteria For Switched Neutral Systems With Interval Time-Varying Delay, Ker-Wei Yu Apr 2010

Global Exponential Stability Criteria For Switched Neutral Systems With Interval Time-Varying Delay, Ker-Wei Yu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The delay-dependent and delay-independent conditions are proposed to guarantee the global exponential stability for uncertain switched neutral system with interval time-varying state delay. New additional nonnegative inequalities are introduced to improve the conservativeness of system. Razumikhinlike approach is used to prove the exponential stability for system. Structured and unstructured uncertainties are investigated in this paper. The solving schemes based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach along with the selective examples are presented to demonstrate the improvements achieved.

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Estimation Of Manning Roughness Coefficients On Precast Ecological Concrete Blocks, Te-Hsing Chang, Shen-Ting Huang, Shinne Chen, Jun-Cheng Lai Apr 2010

Estimation Of Manning Roughness Coefficients On Precast Ecological Concrete Blocks, Te-Hsing Chang, Shen-Ting Huang, Shinne Chen, Jun-Cheng Lai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Agricultural irrigation and drainage canals in Taiwan are generally constructed using concrete. Concrete is used for the safety of conveyance efficiency. It also reduced loss and is structurally safe. The irrigation ditches and soil revetments in Taiwan fitted with a strong concrete lining. The smooth nonporous concrete surface makes the biology perch difficult and causes a monotonous flow. For these reason, an artificial materials-precast ecological concrete blocks (PECBs) was developed in this research. This was done in order to modify both the traditional concrete lining and the natural field materials in canal construction. Precast ecological concrete blocks (PECBs) were tested …

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Fast Block Matching Using Minkowski's Inequality, Jim Zong-Chang Lai, Yi-Ching Liaw, Shih-An Fong Feb 2010

Fast Block Matching Using Minkowski's Inequality, Jim Zong-Chang Lai, Yi-Ching Liaw, Shih-An Fong

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this paper, we present a fast block matching algorithm by making use of the Minkowski’s inequality. Combined with other fast block matching algorithms, our method can further reduce the computational complexity significantly with little PSNR degradation. Compared to the full search block matching algorithm, our approach can reduce the computing time by a factor of 6.4 to 21.5. Compared to MSEQ, which is a wellknown block matching algorithm preserving global optimality, our method can further reduce the corresponding computing time in average by 32.4%. The combination of our algorithm and the predictive search area approach for block motion estimation …

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Melnikov Analysis Of A Ship's Stability With Water-On-Deck, Ying-Guang Wang Feb 2010

Melnikov Analysis Of A Ship's Stability With Water-On-Deck, Ying-Guang Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The nonlinear ship rolling motion with water-on-deck in regular beam waves is studied by utilizing a global geometric method. A ship stability criterion based upon the Melnikov function is obtained to provide an upper bound on the domain of the potential chaotic rolling motion. Phase plane diagrams and Poincare maps are used to validate the ship stability criterion obtained in this article.

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A Delay-Dependent Approach To Robust Stability For Uncertain Stochastic Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay, Chien-Yu Lu, Chin-Wen Liao, Koan-Yuh Chang, Wen-Jer Chang Feb 2010

A Delay-Dependent Approach To Robust Stability For Uncertain Stochastic Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay, Chien-Yu Lu, Chin-Wen Liao, Koan-Yuh Chang, Wen-Jer Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper investigates the global delay-dependent robust stability in the mean square for uncertain stochastic neural networks with time-varying delay. The activation functions are assumed to be globally Lipschitz continuous. Based on a linear matrix inequality approach, globally delay-dependent robust stability criterion is derived by introducing some relaxation matrices which, when chosen properly, lead to a less conservative result. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

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Corner Effects In Deep Excavations-Establishment Of A Forecast Model For Taipei Basin T2 Zone, Chao-Hui Wu, Chang-Yu Ou, Ningchien Tung Feb 2010

Corner Effects In Deep Excavations-Establishment Of A Forecast Model For Taipei Basin T2 Zone, Chao-Hui Wu, Chang-Yu Ou, Ningchien Tung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study attempts to establish a novel model for forecasting wall deformation and ground surface settlement of deep excavations. The model is developed by considering the corner effect and examining the data from relevant case histories. The study is specifically limited to the construction works in the T2 zone of the Taipei Basin. The following results were obtained: (1) The maximum wall deformation during each excavation step was approximately 0.2%-0.5% of the excavation depth, and was influenced by the corner effect. (2) The maximum ground surface settlement took place approximately at the center of the wall; and settlements at the …

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Shape Optimization Of One-Chamber Mufflers With Reverse-Flow Ducts Using A Genetic Algorithm, Min-Chie Chiu Feb 2010

Shape Optimization Of One-Chamber Mufflers With Reverse-Flow Ducts Using A Genetic Algorithm, Min-Chie Chiu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Shape optimization on mufflers within a limited space is essential for industry where the equipment layout is occasionally tight and the available space for a muffler is limited for maintenance and operation purposes. To proficiently enhance the acoustical performance within a constrained space, the selection of an appropriate acoustical mechanism and optimizer becomes crucial. A one-chamber muffler hybridized with reverse-flow ducts which can visibly increase the acoustical performance is rarely addressed; therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to numerically analyze and maximize the acoustical performance of this muffler within a limited space. In this paper, the four-pole system …

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Optimal Heating And Energy Management For Slabs In A Reheating Furnace, Wei-Hsin Chen, Mu-Rong Lin, Tzong-Shyng Leu Feb 2010

Optimal Heating And Energy Management For Slabs In A Reheating Furnace, Wei-Hsin Chen, Mu-Rong Lin, Tzong-Shyng Leu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Optimal heating for slabs in a reheating furnace is investigated numerically to aid in managing energy consumption of the reheating furnace in a hot strip mill, where an arctangent function is applied as the heating curve. Particular attention is paid to the relationship among the temperature uniformity, discharging target temperature and retention time of the slabs. The results indicate that the temperature difference between the slab surface and the core increases rapidly in the initial period and the maximum value of the temperature difference is close to the inflection point of the heating curve. After that, the internal temperature tends …

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Estimation Model Of Transformer Iron Loss Using Neural Network, Tai-Ken Lu, Chien-Ta Yeh, Min-Doon Dirn Feb 2010

Estimation Model Of Transformer Iron Loss Using Neural Network, Tai-Ken Lu, Chien-Ta Yeh, Min-Doon Dirn

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

When we want to calculate the transformer iron loss in operation, in addition to considering the nonlinear hysteretic phenomenon of transformer itself and the natural unbalanced characteristic, the actual situation that the transformer is operated under three phase unbalance state should also be considered. This results in very non-regular change of the transformer iron loss, and the accuracy of the polynomial model that is commonly used to estimate the iron loss of the transformer in the past is thus reduced. Since neural network has parallel processing capability, which can process highly nonlinear function problem, hence, in this study, we try …

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Closed-Form Solutions Of Large Deflection For A Guyed Cantilever Column Pulled By An Inclination Cable, Jong-Dar Yau Feb 2010

Closed-Form Solutions Of Large Deflection For A Guyed Cantilever Column Pulled By An Inclination Cable, Jong-Dar Yau

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Geometric non-linearity becomes an issue of great concern that cannot be overlooked in the analysis of cable-supported structures since their material properties may be in an elastic range but they exhibit nonlinear behavior when loaded. This study intends to present an analytical approach for analyzing the large deflection behavior of a guyed column pulled by a pre-tensioned cable at different stages of installation. The column is assumed to be naturally straight and inextensible, and each cable is modeled as an equivalent tensile bar neglecting the sag effect due to self-weight. Based on an elliptic integral formulation, closed-form solutions are derived …

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An Effective Method In Bem For Potential Problems Of Thin Bodies, Yao-Ming Zhang, Yan Gu Feb 2010

An Effective Method In Bem For Potential Problems Of Thin Bodies, Yao-Ming Zhang, Yan Gu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The study of the effective methods dealing with problems with thin domains is an important and a difficult issue in boundary element method (BEM). For the special structures of thin bodies, the singular and nearly singular integrals often occur simultaneously in boundary integral equations (BIEs). Therefore, the conventional boundary element method (CBEM) is invalid to obtain accurate results. This paper based on the indirect variable regularized BIEs of plane potential problems, and a nonlinear variable transformation is introduced in order to improve the rapid variations of nearly singular integrals. By doing these, the boundary singular and nearly singular integrals can …

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Experimental Study Of Deformation Behavior And Fatigue Life Of Aisi 304 Stainless Steel Under An Asymmetric Cyclic Loading, Yung-Chuan Chiou Feb 2010

Experimental Study Of Deformation Behavior And Fatigue Life Of Aisi 304 Stainless Steel Under An Asymmetric Cyclic Loading, Yung-Chuan Chiou

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, the cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue life of AISI 304 stainless steel with or without mean strains were studied experimentally. In the case of fully reversal cyclic straining, it is found that there is no virtually difference between the cyclic stress response curves in tension and in compression at strain amplitude of higher than 0.30%. At the controlled strain amplitude of 0.25% and 0.30%, the two cyclic stress response curves are separated quite widely. The degree of asymmetry can be attributed to the anisotropic behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel. Further, the experimental results indicate that AISI …

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Effect Of Commutation Failures On Torsional Vibrations Of A Turbine Generator Nearby An Hvdc Link, Chi-Hshiung Lin Feb 2010

Effect Of Commutation Failures On Torsional Vibrations Of A Turbine Generator Nearby An Hvdc Link, Chi-Hshiung Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

For an HVDC system, it is studied the torsional vibrations induced on the inverter side turbine generators due to a rectifier side ac faults. It is found there may be up to several times difference in the torsional torques induced at the turbine shafts and blades for the same fault, depending on the inverter commutation behavior. Further, if a single-phase-to-ground fault takes place with the commutation failure, it might cause a more serious impact on the turbine generator unit than a threephase-to-ground fault without commutation failure.

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Design Of A Fuzzy Gain Scheduling Controller Having Input Saturation: A Comparative Study, Yan-Wen Huang, Pi-Cheng Tung Dec 2009

Design Of A Fuzzy Gain Scheduling Controller Having Input Saturation: A Comparative Study, Yan-Wen Huang, Pi-Cheng Tung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A fuzzy gain scheduling proportional controllers that exhibits the improved performance than the conventional linear fixed gain controller having input saturation is proposed in this paper. We proposed an adaptive anti-windup control system in which the gain of a proportional controller is dynamically tuned by a fuzzy PD system. The methodology employed in the analysis is based on the describing function (DF), which is determined the range of the universal discourse for the output of the fuzzy PD system. Other approaches are the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method and combined back-calculation and generalized conditioning anti-windup. In this paper, a comparison …

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The Construction Common Product Coding System And Auto Id Technology In Construction, Nai-Hsin Pan Dec 2009

The Construction Common Product Coding System And Auto Id Technology In Construction, Nai-Hsin Pan

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Automatic data identification (Auto ID) technology such as bar code has grown rapidly in various industries. During the last couple of years, a small number of construction companies have also started to implement Auto ID technologies for a limited number of applications. The focus of these applications has primarily been limited to the internal operations of a few larger companies. One of the major barriers to adopt modern Auto ID technologies in the construction industry is the lack of Construction Common Product Code System (CCPCS). The main objective of this research is to investigate the problems created by inadequate CCPCS …

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Service Life Prediction Of Pier For The Existing Reinforced Concete Bridges In Chloride-Laden Environment, Ming-Te Liang, Ran Huang, Shen-An Feng, Chi-Jang Yeh Dec 2009

Service Life Prediction Of Pier For The Existing Reinforced Concete Bridges In Chloride-Laden Environment, Ming-Te Liang, Ran Huang, Shen-An Feng, Chi-Jang Yeh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The prediction method of service life for bridge structures is played an important role of bridge management system. In this paper, the mathematical modeling was to study the servise life prediction of pier for existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridge exposed to chloride environment. The corrosion process has three stages, the initiation time (tc), the depassivation time (tp), and the corrosion (propagation) time (tcorr). The total service life of pier for the existing RC bridge can be expressed as t = tc + tp + tcorr. Many mathematical models were applied to predicting each value of the tc, tp, and tcorr. …

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Design And Implementation Of Dstatcom For Fast Load Compensation Of Unbalanced Loads, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh Dec 2009

Design And Implementation Of Dstatcom For Fast Load Compensation Of Unbalanced Loads, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper proposes a distribution level static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) for fast load compensation of unbalanced loads in electric power distribution systems. For fast response requirement, a new feedforward compensation scheme is derived and employed in the paper. First, the compensation scheme of the DSTATCOM is derived with the symmetrical components method. Then, computer simulation with the program Matlab/Simulink preliminarily verifies the effectiveness of the proposed DSTATCOM. Accordingly, a hardware prototype is built with a floating-point DSP TMS320C6711-based system. Use of a current-regulated PWM (CRPWM) inverter as the power stage of the DSTATCOM generates needed compensation currents for real-time load …

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A Novel Stability Condition And Its Application To Ga-Based Fuzzy Control For Nonlinear Systems With Uncertainty, Po-Chen Chen, Cheng-Wu Chen, Wei-Ling Chiang, Ken Yeh Dec 2009

A Novel Stability Condition And Its Application To Ga-Based Fuzzy Control For Nonlinear Systems With Uncertainty, Po-Chen Chen, Cheng-Wu Chen, Wei-Ling Chiang, Ken Yeh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, we strive to combine the advantages of fuzzy logic control (FLC), genetic algorithms (GA), H∞ tracking control schemes, smooth control and adaptive laws to design an adaptive fuzzy sliding model controller for the rapid and efficient stabilization of complex and nonlinear systems. First, we utilize a reference model and a fuzzy model (both involving FLC rules) to describe and well-approximate an uncertain, nonlinear plant. The FLC rules and the consequent parameter are decided on via GA. A boundary-layer function is introduced into these updated laws to cover modeling errors and to guarantee that the state errors converge …

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Robust Stability Bounds For Lur'e System With Parametric Uncertainty, Chyun-Chau Fuh, Pi-Cheng Tung Dec 2009

Robust Stability Bounds For Lur'e System With Parametric Uncertainty, Chyun-Chau Fuh, Pi-Cheng Tung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The robust stability of Lur’e system with parametric uncertainty is studied through the Popov-Lyapunov approach. Robust stability bounds of such a system are presented. Since we avoid using norm forms and absolute values, the obtained stability bounds are less conservative. An example demonstrating the feasibility of our method is illustrated

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Degradation Of The Bond Strength Between Rebar And Concrete Due To The Impressed Cathodic Current, Jiang-Jhy Chang, Weichung Yeih, Ran Huang Dec 2009

Degradation Of The Bond Strength Between Rebar And Concrete Due To The Impressed Cathodic Current, Jiang-Jhy Chang, Weichung Yeih, Ran Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, the degradation of the bond strength between the steel rebar and concrete by the impressed cathodic current was investigated. Experimental results showed that the bond strength degraded as the charging current density and the polarization time increased basically. A new parameter representing the total transferred electrons per unit protected area was proposed, and the bond strength was found to decrease as the parameter increased after some value.

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Dsp-Based Implementation Of A Real-Time Doa Estimator For Underwater Acoustic Sources, Sheng-Yun Hou, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Hsien-Sen Hung, Jiang-Yao Chen Dec 2009

Dsp-Based Implementation Of A Real-Time Doa Estimator For Underwater Acoustic Sources, Sheng-Yun Hou, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Hsien-Sen Hung, Jiang-Yao Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Many direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms for acoustic sources based on sensor array measurements have been well developed and verified via computer simulations and/or small-scale water trough experiments. However, these results are not in practical use because the testing scenarios may not reflect real underwater environments. In order to have a better understanding of DOA estimation in sea experiments, a prototype of DSP-based acoustic DOA estimator is designed and implemented. The prototype system is based on TMS320VC33 digital signal processor and is validated by both computer simulation and experiments performed on the shallow water of Bi-Sha fishery harbor located near the …

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Cpt-Based Simplified Liquefaction Assessment By Using Fuzzy-Neural Network, Shuh-Gi Chern, Ching-Yinn Lee Dec 2009

Cpt-Based Simplified Liquefaction Assessment By Using Fuzzy-Neural Network, Shuh-Gi Chern, Ching-Yinn Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Due to the difficulty and the cost of obtaining high quality undisturbed samples, simplified methods based on in-situ tests such as the standard penetration test (SPT) and the cone penetration test (CPT) are preferred by geotechnical engineers for evaluation of earthquake induced liquefaction potential of soils. Because of the increasing popularity worldwide of the CPT for site characterization, significant progress on the CPTbased methods has been made. In most existing CPT-based methods, empirically determined curves are used to predict liquefaction and non-liquefaction. These empirical curves are generally relied on engineering judgment and are essentially performance functions that were established based …

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Fundamental Properties Of Linear Ship Steering Dynamic Models, Ching-Yaw Tzeng, Ju-Fen Chen Dec 2009

Fundamental Properties Of Linear Ship Steering Dynamic Models, Ching-Yaw Tzeng, Ju-Fen Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper is concerned with the fundamental properties associated with the Nomoto models. Specifically, the state space model associated with the first order Nomoto model is both observable and controllable. The state space model associated with the second order Nomoto model is also observable; however, it is controllable only if the effective sway time constant is different from the effective yaw time constant. The zero appearing in the transfer function model is found responsible for the overshoot behaviors, which are typical in the yaw rate for large rudder angle steering. This suggests that a second order Nomoto model is more …

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A Representation Of Gm-Variation In Waves By The Volterra System, Jianbo Hua, Wei-Hui Wang, Jiang-Ren Chang Dec 2009

A Representation Of Gm-Variation In Waves By The Volterra System, Jianbo Hua, Wei-Hui Wang, Jiang-Ren Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

As known, the variation of the metacentric height of a ship in irregular waves is not a pure linear process, particular when a ship has large beam to draught ratio and large flare near the waterline at bow and stern. This kind of unconventional hull form is usually adopted for modern RoRo-ship, cruise-ship etc. which allows large cargo space and high service speed. In this paper, the GM-variation is derived into a function series with respect to the variation order and represented by the Volterra system. The transfer functions for the different orders are integrated numerically or analytically through expressing …

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Spanning Trees For Binary Directed De Bruijn Networks And Their Applications To Load Balancing, Ming-Bo Lin, Ming-Hong Bai, Gene Eu Jan Dec 2009

Spanning Trees For Binary Directed De Bruijn Networks And Their Applications To Load Balancing, Ming-Bo Lin, Ming-Hong Bai, Gene Eu Jan

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

One of the major reasons of using parallel computer systems is that they have the potential for improving performance and resource sharing. To achieve this, an efficient way must be provided to broadcast a message or messages from a node to every other nodes in the system. However, the efficiency of transferring messages in a system is determined by the architecture of the underlying interconnection network of the system. In this paper, we consider the systems based on binary directed de Bruijn networks and define two shortest path spanning trees: the upward-0 spanning tree and the downward-0 spanning tree, to …

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Non-Darcy Flow And Heat Transfer In A Porous Insulation With Infiltration, Hwa-Chong Tien, Kwang-Sheng Chiang Dec 2009

Non-Darcy Flow And Heat Transfer In A Porous Insulation With Infiltration, Hwa-Chong Tien, Kwang-Sheng Chiang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This work analyzes non-Darcy flow and heat transfer in a vertical slot filled with a porous matrix. The left and right vertical boundaries of the porous system are maintained at higher and lower temperatures, respectively. The horizontal boundaries are assumed to be impermeable and insulated. The vertical boundaries are either completely impermeable, where free convection is induced, or partially permeable in a way to simulate the wall leakage in the building materials, where both air infiltration and free convection exist. The non-Darcy model, which includes the Brinkman and Forchheimer extensions along with the convection terms, is employed to describe the …

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A Modified Newton Method For Solving Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Satya N. Atluri, Chein-Shan Liu, Chung-Lun Kuo Sep 2009

A Modified Newton Method For Solving Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Satya N. Atluri, Chein-Shan Liu, Chung-Lun Kuo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The Newton algorithm based on the “continuation” method may be written as being governed by the equation xj(t) + Bij-1 Fi(xj) = 0, where Fi(xj) = 0, i, j = 1, …n are nonlinear algebraic equations (NAEs) to be solved, and Bij = ∂Fi /∂xj is the corresponding Jacobian matrix. It is known that the Newton's algorithm is quadratically convergent; however, it has some drawbacks, such as being sensitive to the initial guess of solution, and being expensive in the computation of the inverse of Bij at each iterative step. How to preserve the convergence speed, and to remove the …

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Simulation Of Cnt Composites Using Fast Multipole Bem, Zhen-Han Yao, Jun-Dong Xu, Hai-Tao Wang, Xiao-Ping Zheng Sep 2009

Simulation Of Cnt Composites Using Fast Multipole Bem, Zhen-Han Yao, Jun-Dong Xu, Hai-Tao Wang, Xiao-Ping Zheng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper addresses some applications of the fast multipole boundary element method on the simulation of CNT composites, including the simulation of elastic, thermal and electric properties. The carbon nanotubes are treated as effective elastic fibers for the simulation of elastic property, and treated as straight fibers with high thermal conductivity and high electric conductivity for the simulation of thermal and electric properties respectively. The numerical examples are compared with other numerical results and experimental data published in literature. To reduce the difference between numerical and experimental value of effective elastic modulus, two approaches with nonideal interfacial condition or additional …

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Novel Methods For Solving Severely Ill-Posed Linear Equations System, Chein-Shan Liu, Chih-Wen Chang Sep 2009

Novel Methods For Solving Severely Ill-Posed Linear Equations System, Chein-Shan Liu, Chih-Wen Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

We treat an ill-posed system of linear equations by transforming it into a linear system of stiff ordinary differential equations (SODEs), adding a differential term on the left-hand side. In order to overcome the difficulty of numerical instability when integrating the SODEs, Liu [20] has combined nonstandard finite difference method and group-preserving scheme, namely the nonstandard group-preserving scheme (NGPS), to obtain an unconditional stable numerical method for SODEs. This paper applies the NGPS to the SODEs resulting from the ill-posed linear equations, and proves that the new algorithms are unconditional stable. To strengthen accuracy, an L-curve is used to select …

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A Complete Stability Theory For The Kirchhoff Thin Plate Under All Kinds Of Actions, Shyh-Rong Kuo, Chih-Chang Chi, Yeong-Bin Yang Sep 2009

A Complete Stability Theory For The Kirchhoff Thin Plate Under All Kinds Of Actions, Shyh-Rong Kuo, Chih-Chang Chi, Yeong-Bin Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A complete stability theory for a plate can be constructed by an incremental virtual work equation describing instability effects induced by all kinds of actions. Besides, this incremental virtual work equation should satisfy the rigid body rule, i.e., it should objectively obey the rigid body rule no matter what coordinates systems are adopted. In this paper, a complete nonlinear stability theory for the Kirchhoff thin plate is proposed by using the principle of virtual work and the update Lagrangian formulation. Then, a rigid body motion testing method is developed for examining the incremental virtual work equation. In developing such a …

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