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Faculty Publications

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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 3295

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Adaptive Control Strategy For Active Power Sharing In Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Power Sources, Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, Roger A. Dougal Jun 2007

Adaptive Control Strategy For Active Power Sharing In Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Power Sources, Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, Roger A. Dougal

Faculty Publications

Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and batteries combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high power density of batteries. A dc/dc power converter is placed between the fuel cell and the battery to balance the power flow between them and greatly increase the peak output power of the hybrid. This paper presents an adaptive control strategy for active power sharing in the hybrid power source. This control strategy can adjust the output current setpoint of the fuel cell according to the state-of-charge (or voltage) of the battery, and is applicable in two topologies of active fuel …

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Global Technology Initiative Study Tour To Asia At San Jose State University, Belle Wei, Jacob Tsao Jun 2007

Global Technology Initiative Study Tour To Asia At San Jose State University, Belle Wei, Jacob Tsao

Faculty Publications

Prompted by the outsourcing of knowledge-based jobs in Silicon Valley and elsewhere in the U.S. and by the resulting necessity for students to adapt to and capitalize on the global economy, the College of Engineering at San Jose State University established a one-million dollar Global Technology Initiative (GTI) Study Program to provide American students with a global perspective and understanding of the issues. The initiative has sponsored an annual program study tour for 25 undergraduate students on a two-week all-expense-paid study tour to Taiwan and China during the summers of 2004, 2005 and 2006. We reported our 2004 experience at …

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Assessment Of Labview And Multisim In The Delivery Of Electronics Laboratory Content, Julio Garcia, Patricia Backer Jun 2007

Assessment Of Labview And Multisim In The Delivery Of Electronics Laboratory Content, Julio Garcia, Patricia Backer

Faculty Publications

The goal of this study, funded by the National Science Foundation, was to adapt the work of other researchers to improve the delivery of electronics lecture and laboratory content in the Electronics & Computer Technology (ECT) area. From the extensive research on ethnic and gender differences in learning styles, the evidence suggests that ethnic minorities and women work best when the material is organized so that students work in teams and have a high level of hands-on experimentation and problem-solving. We developed our materials to maximize these aspects since in our institution the “minority” constitutes the majority of our student …

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Assessment Of Multi Media & Web Based Instruction In A Science Technology & Society Course, Patricia Backer Jun 2007

Assessment Of Multi Media & Web Based Instruction In A Science Technology & Society Course, Patricia Backer

Faculty Publications

Multimedia can be a powerful tool in exploring the nature of the world around us, including its technological systems. This paper describes the assessment of self-paced multimedia and web- based modules that are used in an advanced General Education (GE) course in the College of Engineering at San José State University. The development of these modules began in 1994 and has undergone many revisions. Currently, four of the seven units in this class are taught using either multimedia CDs or web-based material.The General Education course, Technology and Civilization (TECH 198), is designed to introduce students to the realm of history …

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Technology And Gender Issues: Development And Assessment Of A Freshman General Education Course In The College Of Engineering, Patricia Backer Jun 2007

Technology And Gender Issues: Development And Assessment Of A Freshman General Education Course In The College Of Engineering, Patricia Backer

Faculty Publications

This class, Technology VS Women, explores the interaction of gender with technology and answers questions such as: Is technology a “male” science? Is modern technology compatible to both male and female users? What does history tell us about the role of women at work relating to technology? The ideas presented in this course challenges some commonly held myths and misconceptions about technology in our society. This course focuses on the technological changes since 1900 and how they have affected both men and women. The effect of cultural biases and perspectives on the working and educational environments also are addressed. This …

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Band Discontinuity Measurements Of The Wafer Bonded Ingaas/Si Heterojunction, Aaron R. Hawkins, Kyle S. Mckay, Felix P. Lu, Jungsang Kim, Changhyun Yi, April S. Brown May 2007

Band Discontinuity Measurements Of The Wafer Bonded Ingaas/Si Heterojunction, Aaron R. Hawkins, Kyle S. Mckay, Felix P. Lu, Jungsang Kim, Changhyun Yi, April S. Brown

Faculty Publications

p-type InGaAs/Si heterojunctions were fabricated through a wafer fusion bonding process. The relative band alignment between the two materials at the heterointerface was determined using current-voltage (I-V) measurements and applying thermionic emission-diffusion theory. The valence and conduction band discontinuities for the InGaAs/Si interface were determined to be 0.48 and 0.1 eV, respectively, indicating a type-II band alignment.

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On-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Integrated Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, Evan J. Lunt, Phillip Measor, Leo Seballos, Dongliang Yin, Jin Z. Zhang, Holger Schmidt May 2007

On-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Integrated Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, Evan J. Lunt, Phillip Measor, Leo Seballos, Dongliang Yin, Jin Z. Zhang, Holger Schmidt

Faculty Publications

The authors demonstrate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection on an optofluidic chip. Interconnected solid- and liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) form a planar beam geometry that allows for high mode intensities along microfluidic channels containing molecules optimized for SERS. The excitation power and concentration dependence of SERS from rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules adsorbed to silver nanoparticles were systematically studied. The data can be described by a model that takes into account the microphotonic structure. Detection sensitivity to a minimum concentration of 30 nM is found, demonstrating the suitability of ARROW-based optofluidic chips for high sensitivity detection with molecular specificity

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Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor May 2007

Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor

Faculty Publications

The authors use time-resolved cavity-enhanced magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy to study the damping of magnetization precession in individual cylindrical nickel nanomagnets. A wide range of shapes (diameters of 5 µm–125 nm and aspect ratio: 0.03–1.2) is investigated. They observe a pronounced difference in damping between the micro- and nanomagnets. Microscale magnets show large damping at low bias fields, whereas nanomagnets exhibit bias field-independent damping. This behavior is explained by the interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane precession modes in microscale magnets that results in additional dissipative channels. The small and robust damping values on the nanoscale are promising for implementation of controlled …

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Combinatorial Fusion Criteria For Robot Mapping, Damian M. Lyons, D. Frank Hsu, Qiang Ma, Liang Wang May 2007

Combinatorial Fusion Criteria For Robot Mapping, Damian M. Lyons, D. Frank Hsu, Qiang Ma, Liang Wang

Faculty Publications

We address the problem of sensor fusion for stereo and ultrasound depth measurements for map building for a robot operating in a cluttered environment. In such a situation it’s difficult to make useful and realistic assumpt ions about the sensor or environment statistics. Combinatorial Fusion Analysis is used to develop an approach to fusion with unknown sensor and environment statistics. A metric is proposed that shows when fusion from a set of fusion alternatives will produ ce a more accurate estimation of depth than either sonar or stereo alone and when not. The metric consists of two crit eria: (a) …

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Autonomous Landing Of Miniature Aerial Vehicles, D. Blake Barber, Stephen R. Griffiths, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard May 2007

Autonomous Landing Of Miniature Aerial Vehicles, D. Blake Barber, Stephen R. Griffiths, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard

Faculty Publications

This paper outlines an approach for automated landing of miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs). A landing algorithm defining the landing flight path as a function of height above ground, and the control strategies for following the path, are described. Two methods are presented for estimating height above ground, one based on barometric pressure measurements and the other utilizing optic-flow measurements. The development of an optic-flow sensor and associated sampling strategies are described. Utilizing estimates of height above ground from barometric pressure and optic-flow measurements, repeated landings were performed with a 1.5 m wingspan MAV. With height above ground estimated from barometric …

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An Overview Of Mav Research At Brigham Young University, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, D. Blake Barber, Nathan B. Knoebel May 2007

An Overview Of Mav Research At Brigham Young University, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, D. Blake Barber, Nathan B. Knoebel

Faculty Publications

This paper summarizes research efforts at Brigham Young University related to the control of miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs). Recent results in the areas of vector field path following, precision landing and target prosecution, target localization, obstacle detection and avoidance, tailsitter aircraft control, and cooperative control are presented.

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Spatial And Temporal Behavior Of Microwave Backscatter Directional Modulation Over The Saharan Ergs, David G. Long, Haroon Stephen May 2007

Spatial And Temporal Behavior Of Microwave Backscatter Directional Modulation Over The Saharan Ergs, David G. Long, Haroon Stephen

Faculty Publications

Radar backscatter (σ˚) from ergs is modulated with view direction [incidence (θ) and azimuth (φ) angles], where the modulation characteristics reflect the surface geometry. σ˚ also varies spatially and reflects the spatial inhomogeneity of the sand surface. We use σ˚ measurements at different θ and φ angles from the NASA, European Remote Sensing satellite, and SeaWinds scatterometers to understand the relationship between wind and erg bedforms. A model incorporating the σ˚ φ-modulation and spatial inhomogeneity is proposed. Surface slope variations are related to the σ˚ spatial inhomogeneity. We compare the backscatter model results with numerically predicted wind direction data provided …

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Experimental Characterization Of The Outdoor Mimo Wireless Channel Temporal Variation, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick, Jon W. Wallace, Ajay Gummalla, Harry B. Lee May 2007

Experimental Characterization Of The Outdoor Mimo Wireless Channel Temporal Variation, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick, Jon W. Wallace, Ajay Gummalla, Harry B. Lee

Faculty Publications

Time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are measured in an outdoor campus environment at 2.45 GHz with directional patch arrays and omnidirectional monopole arrays. A number of useful metrics are proposed for quantifying time variation in MIMO channels: eigenvalue level crossing rate, eigenvector angular deviation, and capacity loss for delayed transmit and receive channel state information (CSI). Measurements in four different environments confirm the strong correlation between angular spread of multipath and MIMO channel time variability. The rate of time variation is also strongly influenced by the type of array, indicating that directional elements may be advantageous for highly mobile environments. …

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The Relationship Between Antenna Loss And Superdirectivity In Mimo Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Nicolas W. Bikhazi May 2007

The Relationship Between Antenna Loss And Superdirectivity In Mimo Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Nicolas W. Bikhazi

Faculty Publications

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems can theoretically use array superdirectivity to optimally exploit the propagation channel. This superdirectivity leads to very large capacity bounds, particularly when the antennas are closely spaced. However, because superdirective behavior is difficult to achieve in practice, new capacity bounds have been formulated for the case where the level of array superdirectivity is constrained. Existing capacity analyses limit the superdirectivity in a suboptimal way. In this paper, the impact of superdirectivity in the capacity solution is limited by introducing finite ohmic loss in the transmit and receive antenna elements. Computational results reveal that even a small …

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Vision-Based Landing Of Fixed-Wing Miniature Air Vehicles, Blake Barber, Timothy Mclain, Barrett Edwards May 2007

Vision-Based Landing Of Fixed-Wing Miniature Air Vehicles, Blake Barber, Timothy Mclain, Barrett Edwards

Faculty Publications

This paper outlines a method for using vision-based feedback to accurately land a MAV on a visually identifiable target of approximately known location. The method presented is robust to wind, capable of handling both stationary and moving targets, and capable of cor- recting for camera misalignment, state estimation biases, and parameter estimation biases. Landing results from actual flight tests are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Probabilistic Searching Using A Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Steven R. Hansen, Timothy W. Mclain, Michael A. Goodrich May 2007

Probabilistic Searching Using A Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Steven R. Hansen, Timothy W. Mclain, Michael A. Goodrich

Faculty Publications

Ground breaking concepts in optimal search theory were developed during World War II by the U.S. Navy. These concepts use an assumed detection model to calculate a detection probability rate and an optimal search allocation. Although this theory is useful in determining when and where search effort should be applied, it offers little guidance for the planning of search paths. This paper explains how search theory can be applied to path planning for an SUAV with a fixed CCD camera. Three search strategies are developed: greedy search, contour search, and composite search. In addition, the concepts of search efficiency and …

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Final Report: Shf Channel Modeling Over Sea-Based Test Ranges, Qiang Lei, Michael D. Rice Apr 2007

Final Report: Shf Channel Modeling Over Sea-Based Test Ranges, Qiang Lei, Michael D. Rice

Faculty Publications

This work was supported by the Science & Technology Test & Evaluation Spectrum Efficient Technologies Program sponsored by the US Air Force under contract F04611-02-C-0020. Channel sounding data collected from an airborne transmitter over the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Pt. Mugu, Naval Air Station, was analyzed and used to model multipath propagation over the ocean. The experiments showed that at 8.000 GHz, over the water multipath propagation is well modeled by a three-ray propagation model. The first ray (or propagation path) is the line-of-sight propagation path. The second ray is a strong specular reflection determined by the geometry …

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Selection Of Fusion Operations Using Rank-Score Diversity For Robot Mapping And Localization, Damian M. Lyons, D. Frank Hsu, Qiang Ma, Liang Wang Apr 2007

Selection Of Fusion Operations Using Rank-Score Diversity For Robot Mapping And Localization, Damian M. Lyons, D. Frank Hsu, Qiang Ma, Liang Wang

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we evaluate the use of a rank-score diversity measure for selecting sensory fusion operations for a robot localization and mapping application. Our current application involves robot mapping and navigation in an outdoor urban search and rescue situation in which we have many similar and mutually occluding landmarks. The robot is a 4- wheel direct drive platform equipped with visual, stereo depth and ultrasound sensors. In such an application it’s difficult to make useful and realistic assumptions about the sensor or environment statistics. Combinatorial Fusion Analysis(CFA) is used to develop an approach to fusion with unknown sensor and …

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Fpga Acceleration Of Gene Rearrangement Analysis, Jason D. Bakos Apr 2007

Fpga Acceleration Of Gene Rearrangement Analysis, Jason D. Bakos

Faculty Publications

In this paper we present our work toward FPGA acceleration of phylogenetic reconstruction, a type of analysis that is commonly performed in the fields of systematic biology and comparative genomics. In our initial study, we have targeted a specific application that reconstructs maximum-parsimony (MP) phylogenies for gene-rearrangement data. Like other prevalent applications in computational biology, this application relies on a control-dependent, memory-intensive, and non-arithmetic combinatorial optimization algorithm. To achieve hardware acceleration, we developed an FPGA core design that implements the application's primary bottleneck computation. Because our core is lightweight, we are able to synthesize multiple cores on a single FPGA. …

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Plot Scale Factor Models For Standard Orthographic Views, Edward E. Osakue Apr 2007

Plot Scale Factor Models For Standard Orthographic Views, Edward E. Osakue

Faculty Publications

Geometric modeling provides graphic representations of real or abstract objects. Realistic representation requires three dimensional (3D) attributes since natural objects have three principal dimensions. CAD software gives the user the ability to construct realistic 3D models of objects, but often prints of these models must be generated on two dimensional (2D) standard sized sheets. The transformation of 3D objects into 2D representations on standard-sized sheets requires one to use a proportional relationship called a scale, which is defined by a scale factor (SF). Two mathematical models for a scale factor, one for reduction scaling and the other for …

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Production Of Hydrogen And Sulfur From Hydrogen Sulfide In A Nonthermal-Plasma Pulsed Corona Discharge Reactor, Morris D. Argyle, Gui-Bing Zhao, Sanil John, Ji-Jun Zhang, Jerry C. Hamann, Suresh S. Muknahallipatna, Stanislaw Legowski, John F. Ackerman Apr 2007

Production Of Hydrogen And Sulfur From Hydrogen Sulfide In A Nonthermal-Plasma Pulsed Corona Discharge Reactor, Morris D. Argyle, Gui-Bing Zhao, Sanil John, Ji-Jun Zhang, Jerry C. Hamann, Suresh S. Muknahallipatna, Stanislaw Legowski, John F. Ackerman

Faculty Publications

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) dissociation into hydrogen and sulfur has been studied in a pulsed corona discharge reactor (PCDR). Due to the high dielectric strength of pure H2S (~2.9 times higher than air), a non-thermal plasma could not be sustained in pure H2S at discharge voltages up to 30kV with our reactor geometry. Therefore, H2S was diluted with another gas with lower dielectric strength to reduce the breakdown voltage. Breakdown voltages of H2S in four balance gases (Ar, He, N2 and H2) have been measured at different H2S concentrations and pressures. Breakdown voltages are proportional to the partial pressure of H2S …

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Steganalysis Feature Improvement Using Expectation Maximization, Benjamin M. Rodriguez, Gilbert L. Peterson, Sos S. Agaian Apr 2007

Steganalysis Feature Improvement Using Expectation Maximization, Benjamin M. Rodriguez, Gilbert L. Peterson, Sos S. Agaian

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Compact Optical Fiber Sensor Smart Node, Seth W. Lloyd, Jason A. Newman, Daniel R. Wilding, Richard H. Selfridge, Stephen M. Schultz Mar 2007

Compact Optical Fiber Sensor Smart Node, Seth W. Lloyd, Jason A. Newman, Daniel R. Wilding, Richard H. Selfridge, Stephen M. Schultz

Faculty Publications

We present a new optical fiber sensor interrogator specifically designed for an embedded instrumentation system. The proposed system consists of a super luminescent diode as a broadband source, a high speed tunable micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) filter, photodetector, and an integrated microprocessor for data aggregation, processing, and communication. The entire system is integrated together in a compact package to create a fiber "smart" sensor. The system is capable of interrogating a variety of multiplexed fiber sensors, processing the data, and communicating the results digitally. As an example, the system has been calibrated with an array of fiber Bragg grating sensors

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Analysis Of Stacked Rotated Gratings, Gregory P. Nordin, P. C. Deguzman, J. Jiang Mar 2007

Analysis Of Stacked Rotated Gratings, Gregory P. Nordin, P. C. Deguzman, J. Jiang

Faculty Publications

We study the rigorous design and analysis of stacked rotated gratings (SRGs) for novel photonic devices. A concept of sampling frequency is proposed to systematically design SRGs. With the help of a rectangular sampling lattice, we extend the standard 3D rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) algorithm to the analysis of SRGs. The resultant SRG-RCWA algorithm can be used to exactly analyze SRGs that have grating parameters that match the Fourier expansion represented by the sampling lattice. SRGs that do not fall in this category can often still be closely approximated with our approach. The SRG-RCWA algorithm has been successfully applied to …

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Investigation Of Cdznte Crystal Defects Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, Goutam Koley, J. Liu, K. C. Mandal Mar 2007

Investigation Of Cdznte Crystal Defects Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, Goutam Koley, J. Liu, K. C. Mandal

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Ultrasound Cavitation In Liposome Size Reduction, William G. Pitt, Eric S. Richardson, Dixon J. Woodbury Mar 2007

The Role Of Ultrasound Cavitation In Liposome Size Reduction, William G. Pitt, Eric S. Richardson, Dixon J. Woodbury

Faculty Publications

Liposome size is a vital parameter of many quantitative biophysical studies. Sonication, or exposure to ultrasound, is used widely to manufacture artificial liposomes, yet little is known about the mechanism by which liposomes are affected by ultrasound. Cavitation, or the oscillation of small gas bubbles in a pressure-varying field, has been shown to be responsible for many biophysical effects of ultrasound on cells. Collapse cavitation is manifested in the acoustic spectrum by an f/2 subharmonic and an increase in broadband noise. In this study, we attempted to correlate the presence of cavitation with a decrease in liposome size. Lipid suspensions …

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A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna For Satellite And Terrestrial Links, Mohammod Ali, Abu T.M. Sayem, Vijay K. Kunda Mar 2007

A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna For Satellite And Terrestrial Links, Mohammod Ali, Abu T.M. Sayem, Vijay K. Kunda

Faculty Publications

A reconfigurable stacked microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The antenna operates at an upper frequency f(u) with a broadside pattern, 7.5-dBi right-hand circularly polarized gain, and 15.8% bandwidth. At a lower frequency f(1), the antenna operates as a planar inverted-F antenna (7.3% bandwidth and 3.9-dBi peak gain) with the main beam directed close to the horizon. Switching between the two regimes of operation is achieved using p-i-n diodes. antenna operation in the upper frequency hand is suitable for low-earth-orbit or medium-earth-orbit satellite communications, and in the lower frequency band, the antenna is useful for terrestrial land-mobile or other wireless applications.

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Lightweight Error Correction Coding For System-Level Interconnects, Jason D. Bakos, Donald M. Chiarulli, Steven P. Levitan Mar 2007

Lightweight Error Correction Coding For System-Level Interconnects, Jason D. Bakos, Donald M. Chiarulli, Steven P. Levitan

Faculty Publications

"Lightweight hierarchical error control coding (LHECC)" is a new class of nonlinear block codes that is designed to increase noise immunity and decrease error rate for high-performance chip-to-chip and on-chip interconnects. LHECC is designed such that its corresponding encoder and decoder logic may be tightly integrated into compact, high-speed, and low-latency I/O interfaces. LHECC operates over a new channel technology called multi-bit differential signaling (MBDS). MBDS channels utilize a physical-layer channel code called "N choose M (nCm)" encoding, where each channel is restricted to a symbol set such that half of the bits in each symbol are set to one. …

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A Coarse Grain Model For Dna, Thomas A. Knotts, Nitin Rathore, David C. Schwartz, Juan J. De Pablo Feb 2007

A Coarse Grain Model For Dna, Thomas A. Knotts, Nitin Rathore, David C. Schwartz, Juan J. De Pablo

Faculty Publications

Understanding the behavior of DNA at the molecular level is of considerable fundamental and engineering importance. While adequate representations of DNA exist at the atomic and continuum level, there is a relative lack of models capable of describing the behavior of DNA at mesoscopic length scales. We present a mesoscale model of DNA that reduces the complexity of a nucleotide to three interactions sites, one each for the phosphate, sugar, and base, thereby rendering the investigation of DNA up to a few microns in length computationally tractable. The charges on these sites are considered explicitly. The model is parametrized using …

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Optical Emission Study Of Nonthermal Plasma Confirms Reaction Mechanisms Involving Neutral Rather Than Charged Species, Gui-Bing Zhao, Morris D. Argyle, Maciej Radosz Feb 2007

Optical Emission Study Of Nonthermal Plasma Confirms Reaction Mechanisms Involving Neutral Rather Than Charged Species, Gui-Bing Zhao, Morris D. Argyle, Maciej Radosz

Faculty Publications

Charge transfer reactions are commonly used to explain NOx conversion in nonthermal plasma. An analysis of optical emission spectra induced by pulsed corona discharge in NOx-containing argon suggests that, in fact, the contribution of charge transfer reactions to NOx conversion in nonthermal plasma is negligible. During electrical discharge in such gas mixtures, NO (B)⁠, an electronic excited state of NO formed due to the dissociative recombination reactions of NOx+ and N2O+ and the optical emission of NO (B) could be a proof that cations are responsible for NOx conversion. However, …

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