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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 3295
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Differential Flatness Based Control Of A Rotorcraft For Aggressive Maneuvers, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Robert C. Leishman, Jeffrey L. Ferrin
Differential Flatness Based Control Of A Rotorcraft For Aggressive Maneuvers, Timothy Mclain, Randal W. Beard, Robert C. Leishman, Jeffrey L. Ferrin
Faculty Publications
We propose a new method to control a multi-rotor aerial vehicle. We show that the system dynamics are differentially flat. We utilize the differential flatness of the system to provide a feed forward input. The system model derived allows for arbitrary changes in yaw and is not limited to small roll and pitch angles. We demonstrate in hardware the ability to follow a highly maneuverable path while tracking a time-varying heading command.
Thermal Model For Lithium Ion Battery Pack With Mixed Parallel And Series Configuration, Meng Guo, Ralph E. White
Thermal Model For Lithium Ion Battery Pack With Mixed Parallel And Series Configuration, Meng Guo, Ralph E. White
Faculty Publications
In this work, a mathematical thermal model for lithium ion battery pack with specific configuration was developed by coupling the single particle model and energy balance equation with basic circuit constraints. The temperature variation at different parts of the battery pack was considered in charge/discharge operations, and the dependency of cell parameters on temperature were taken into account. The model was validated by comparing the simulated current, voltage, and temperature profiles with experimental data. Case studies such as battery balancing and circuit interruption were also performed and discussed.
In Situ Synthesis Of Ultrafine Ss-Mno2/Polypyrrole Nanorod Composites For High-Performance Supercapacitors, Jianfeng Zang, Xiaodong Li
In Situ Synthesis Of Ultrafine Ss-Mno2/Polypyrrole Nanorod Composites For High-Performance Supercapacitors, Jianfeng Zang, Xiaodong Li
Faculty Publications
We report a remarkable observation that is at odds with the established notion that β-MnO2 was regarded as an undesirable candidate for supercapacitor applications. The specific capacitance of β-MnO2 can reach as high as 294 F g−1, which is comparable to the best crystallographic structure, like α-MnO2. The key is to substantially decrease the size of β-MnO2 powders to ultra small regime. We demonstrate a facile, simple, and effective approach to synthesizing ultrafine (<10 nm in diameter) β-MnO2/polypyrrole nanorod composite powders for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Our observation may encourage a revisit of the other good …10>
Characteristics Of The Hydrogen Electrode In High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Process, Chao Jin, Chenghao Yang, Fanglin Chen
Characteristics Of The Hydrogen Electrode In High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Process, Chao Jin, Chenghao Yang, Fanglin Chen
Faculty Publications
YSZ-electrolyte supported solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) using LSM-YSZ oxygen electrode but with three types of hydrogen electrode, Ni–SDC, Ni–YSZ and LSCM–YSZ have been fabricated and characterized under different steam contents in the feeding gas at 850°C. Electrochemical impedance spectra results show that cell resistances increase with the increase in steam concentrations under both open circuit voltage and electrolysis conditions, suggesting that electrolysis reaction becomes more difficult in high steam content. Pt reference electrode was applied to evaluate the contributions of the hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode in the electrolysis process. Electrochemical impedance spectra and over potential of both electrodes …
Transcriptional Analysis Of Lactobacillus Brevis To N-Butanol And Ferulic Acid Responses, James Winkler, Katy Kao
Transcriptional Analysis Of Lactobacillus Brevis To N-Butanol And Ferulic Acid Responses, James Winkler, Katy Kao
Faculty Publications
BackgroundThe presence of anti-microbial phenolic compounds, such as the model compound ferulic acid, in biomass hydrolysates pose significant challenges to the widespread use of biomass in conjunction with whole cell biocatalysis or fermentation. Currently, these inhibitory compounds must be removed through additional downstream processing or sufficiently diluted to create environments suitable for most industrially important microbial strains. Simultaneously, product toxicity must also be overcome to allow for efficient production of next generation biofuels such as n-butanol, isopropanol, and others from these low cost feedstocks.Methodology and Principal FindingsThis study explores the high ferulic acid and n-butanol tolerance in Lactobacillus brevis, a …
Simulation Of Dna Extension In Nanochannels, Yanwei Wang, Douglas R. Tree, Kevin D. Dorfman
Simulation Of Dna Extension In Nanochannels, Yanwei Wang, Douglas R. Tree, Kevin D. Dorfman
Faculty Publications
We have used a realistic model for double-stranded DNA and Monte Carlo simulations to compute the extension (mean span) of a DNA molecule confined in a nanochannel over the full range of confinement in a high ionic strength buffer. The simulation data for square nanochannels resolve the apparent contradiction between prior simulation studies and the predictions from Flory theory, demonstrating the existence of two transition regimes between weak confinement (the de Gennes regime) and strong confinement (the Odijk regime). The simulation data for rectangular nanochannels support the use of the geometric mean for mapping data obtained in rectangular channels onto …
Desorption Kinetics Of An Alternative Monoethanolamine Based Co2 Capture Process, Morris D. Argyle, Zhuoyan Sun, Maohong Fan
Desorption Kinetics Of An Alternative Monoethanolamine Based Co2 Capture Process, Morris D. Argyle, Zhuoyan Sun, Maohong Fan
Faculty Publications
Supported monoethanolamine (MEA) sorbents are promising materials for CO2 separation due to their low energy demands. Like any other CO2 separation technologies, CO2 desorption from supported MEA sorbents is the most energy-expensive step in the overall CO2 separation process. The presence of water during CO2 desorption process leads to a significant increase in energy consumption. Therefore, CO2 desorption in the absence of water is an important method to reduce energy consumption of CO2 separation using supported MEA, which is determined by several major factors, including desorption kinetics. However, study on CO2 desorption kinetics of supported MEA is lacking. This research …
A Taskable Space Vehicle: Realizing Cost Savings By Combining Orbital And Suborbital Flight, Thomas Co, Jonathan T. Black
A Taskable Space Vehicle: Realizing Cost Savings By Combining Orbital And Suborbital Flight, Thomas Co, Jonathan T. Black
Faculty Publications
The use of space gives the United States distinct advantages in any battlefield environment, but the high cost of space operations increasingly jeopardizes those advantages. Although the United States pioneered much of the current space technology, declining budgets for space research, development, and operations leave our legacy systems vulnerable to adversaries around the world. Other nations formerly incapable of space exploitation are quickly learning to counter US space technologies at surprisingly low costs. In order to reduce the expense of deploying and maintaining a robust space capability, the Department of Defense (DOD) must change the status quo in space operations …
Jet Propellant 8 Versus Alternative Jet Fuels, Peter Feng, Wayne C. Kinsel, Alfred E. Thal Jr., Charles A. Bleckmann
Jet Propellant 8 Versus Alternative Jet Fuels, Peter Feng, Wayne C. Kinsel, Alfred E. Thal Jr., Charles A. Bleckmann
Faculty Publications
The Air Force is the largest user of jet fuel in the Department of Defense DOD, consuming 2.4 billion gallons per year. In light of environmental impacts associated with using nonrenewable fuel sources and national security concerns regarding dependency on foreign oil, it is no surprise that the United States is paying more attention to alternative fuels. Both DOD and Air Force energy strategies address the need to develop and produce such fuels. The DOD has made a commitment to energy security, establishing an energy initiative that strives to modernize infrastructure, increase utility and energy conservation, enhance demand reduction, and …
Achieving The Air Force’S Energy Vision, Frederick G. Harmon, Richard D. Branam, Doral E. Sandlin
Achieving The Air Force’S Energy Vision, Frederick G. Harmon, Richard D. Branam, Doral E. Sandlin
Faculty Publications
The US Air Force is the largest consumer of energy in the federal government, spending 9 billion in 2008 to fuel aircraft and ground vehicles as well as provide energy to installations.1 In that same year, the Air Force s fuel bill of 7 billion amounted to more than half of the US government s total fuel cost.2 Because of the critical and central role that energy plays in completion of the Air Force’s mission, the secretary of the Air Force has developed an Air Force energy plan supported by three pillars Reduce Demand, Increase Supply, and Culture …
X-Hale: Designing The Atmospheric Surveillance Platforms Of The Future, Christopher M. Shearer
X-Hale: Designing The Atmospheric Surveillance Platforms Of The Future, Christopher M. Shearer
Faculty Publications
Imagine the benefits that battlefield commanders or intelligence analysts could derive from an airborne surveillance platform that would carry a 500-pound payload, operate above the range of small arms fire, remain on station for weeks or even years, cost much less than a satellite, and relocate around the globe to a new region of interest within a couple of weeks. Realizing this concept, known as a high-altitude, long-endurance HALE aircraft, is a 10-to-15-year goal of researchers at the Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT. In order to reach this goal, those researchers are following a developmental path similar to the …
Precision Position, Navigation, And Timing Without The Global Positioning System, Kenneth A. Fisher, John F. Raquet
Precision Position, Navigation, And Timing Without The Global Positioning System, Kenneth A. Fisher, John F. Raquet
Faculty Publications
The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System GPS has revolutionized modern warfare. Since 2005 almost all US precision-guided munitions have used GPS targeting data. Consequently, weapons delivery systems are able to strike enemy targets with precision, often resulting in little or no collateral damage. Furthermore, nearly all military assets, including aircraft, tanks, ships, missiles, mortar rounds, cargo boxes, and dismounted Soldiers rely on the accurate position determination that GPS provides. For military users of this system, two main limitations emerge. First, the system relies on line of sight that is, the satellites must be in view of the receiver s antenna so …
Unintended Consequences: Potential Downsides Of The Air Force's Conversion To Biofuels, Mark N. Goltz, Charles A. Bleckmann, Charles M. Mackay, Khai Vuong, Jerrod P. Mccomb
Unintended Consequences: Potential Downsides Of The Air Force's Conversion To Biofuels, Mark N. Goltz, Charles A. Bleckmann, Charles M. Mackay, Khai Vuong, Jerrod P. Mccomb
Faculty Publications
The desire to reduce US dependence on foreign energy, ongoing environmental concerns, and the rising cost of petroleum have sparked significant development of greener alternative and renewable energy sources such as alcohol-based biofuels. To address these issues, the Department of Defense DOD has moved to diminish its reliance on petroleum for fueling aircraft and ground equipment. The US Air Force, in alignment with DOD objectives, has initiated several goals for reducing its use of energy: (1) decrease the use of petroleum-based fuel by 2 percent annually for the vehicle fleet, (2) increase the use of alternative fuel in motor vehicles …
Using Nanotechnology To Detect Nerve Agents, Mark N. Goltz, Dong-Shik Kim, Leeann Racz
Using Nanotechnology To Detect Nerve Agents, Mark N. Goltz, Dong-Shik Kim, Leeann Racz
Faculty Publications
Nanotechnology has opened a wide range of opportunities having potential impacts in areas as diverse as medicine and consumer products. In collaboration with researchers at the University of Toledo UT, Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT scientists are exploring the possibility of using a nanoscale organic matrix to detect organophosphate OP nerve agents. Current techniques for detecting OP compounds are expensive and time consuming. Developing a nanoscale organic matrix sensor would allow for direct, real-time sensing under field conditions. This article describes the science behind such a sensor and its possible applications. High-performance sensors are needed to protect Soldiers and …
Aerospike Rockets For Increased Space Launch Capability, Carl R. Hartsfield, Richard D. Branam, Joshua N. Hall, Joseph R. Simmons Iii
Aerospike Rockets For Increased Space Launch Capability, Carl R. Hartsfield, Richard D. Branam, Joshua N. Hall, Joseph R. Simmons Iii
Faculty Publications
The US Department of Defense (DOD) increasingly depends on space assets for everyday operations. Precision navigation; communications; and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance satellites are highly leveraged space assets. The launch vehicles that place these satellites in orbit are a major limitation of current space systems. If higher-performing launch vehicles were available, many satellites could accommodate additional capabilities, whether in terms of more sensor channels, types of payloads, electrical power, or propellant for orbital maneuvering and station keeping.
Gis-Based Data Model And Tools For Creating And Managing Two-Dimensional Cross Sections, Timothy L. Whiteaker, Norm Jones, Gil Strassberg, Alan Lemon, Doug Gallup
Gis-Based Data Model And Tools For Creating And Managing Two-Dimensional Cross Sections, Timothy L. Whiteaker, Norm Jones, Gil Strassberg, Alan Lemon, Doug Gallup
Faculty Publications
While modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software is robust in handling maps and data in plan view, the software generally falls short when representing features in section view. Further complicating the issue is the fact that geologic cross sections are often drawn by connecting a series of wells together that do not fall along a single straight line. In this case, the x-axis of the cross section represents the distance along the set of individual lines connecting the series of wells, effectively “flattening out” the cross section along this path to create a view of the subsurface with which …
Developing And Assessing Stem Curriculum With The Intent Of Promoting Technological Literacy, Scott Bartholomew, Geoff Wright, Ron Terry
Developing And Assessing Stem Curriculum With The Intent Of Promoting Technological Literacy, Scott Bartholomew, Geoff Wright, Ron Terry
Faculty Publications
Developing and Assessing STEM Curriculum with the Intent of Promoting Technological Literacy Technological literacy is a key component of President Barack Obama’s $260 Million STEM educational initiative (Office of the Press Secretary, 2009). Central to his plan is STEM teacher training and curriculum development. Both of these issues were addressed and are currently being measured by the research outlined in this paper. Spring2010 a collection of technology and engineering education graduate students developed with mentoring from two technology and engineering education professors 20 lesson unit and lesson plans promoting technological literacy. The lesson plans are currently being used and assessed …
A Generic Bamboo-Based Carbothermal Method For Preparing Carbide (Sic, B4C, Tic, Tac, Nbc, TiXNb1-XC, And TaX Nb1-XC) Nanowires, Xinyong Tao, Yiping Li, Jun Du, Yang Xia, Yingchao Yang, Hui Huang, Yongping Gan, Wenkui Zhang, Xiaodong Li
A Generic Bamboo-Based Carbothermal Method For Preparing Carbide (Sic, B4C, Tic, Tac, Nbc, TiXNb1-XC, And TaX Nb1-XC) Nanowires, Xinyong Tao, Yiping Li, Jun Du, Yang Xia, Yingchao Yang, Hui Huang, Yongping Gan, Wenkui Zhang, Xiaodong Li
Faculty Publications
Finding a general procedure to produce a whole class of materials in a similar way is a desired goal of materials chemistry. In this work, we report a new bamboo-based carbothermal method to prepare nanowires of covalent carbides (SiC and B4C) and interstitial carbides (TiC, TaC, NbC, TixNb1−xC, and TaxNb1−xC). The use of natural nanoporous bamboo as both the renewable carbon source and the template for the formation of catalyst particles greatly simplifies the synthesis process. Based on the structural, morphological and elemental analysis, volatileoxides or halides assisted …
Efficient Application Programming Interface For Multi-Dimensional Modeling Data, Norman L. Jones, Robert M. Wallace, Russell Jones, Cary Butler, Alan Zundel
Efficient Application Programming Interface For Multi-Dimensional Modeling Data, Norman L. Jones, Robert M. Wallace, Russell Jones, Cary Butler, Alan Zundel
Faculty Publications
This paper describes an Application Programming Interface (API) for managing multi-dimensional data produced for water resource computational modeling that is being developed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), in conjunction with Brigham Young University. This API, along with a corresponding data standard, is being implemented within ERDC computational models to facilitate rapid data access, enhanced data compression and data sharing, and cross-platform independence. The API and data standard are known as the eXtensible Model Data Format (XMDF), and version 1.3 is available for free download. This API is designed to manage geometric data associated with grids, …
Compressibility Effects Of Extended Formation Flight, Andrew Ning, Ilan Kroo
Compressibility Effects Of Extended Formation Flight, Andrew Ning, Ilan Kroo
Faculty Publications
Aircraft flown in formations may realize significant reductions in induced drag by flying in regions of wake upwash. However, most transports fly at transonic speeds and compressibility effects in formation flight are not well understood. This study uses an Euler solver to analyze the inviscid aerodynamic forces and moments of transonic wing/body configurations flying in a 2-aircraft formation. We consider formations with large streamwise separation distances (10-50 wingspans) in an arrangement we term extended formation flight. Compressibility-related drag penalties in formation flight may be eliminated by slowing 2-3% below the nominal out-of-formation drag divergence Mach number, at fixed lift coefficient …
Assessment Of First Year Experiences At Sjsu, Patricia Backer, Emily Allen, Janet Sundrud
Assessment Of First Year Experiences At Sjsu, Patricia Backer, Emily Allen, Janet Sundrud
Faculty Publications
With nearly 5,000 students, the Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering (CoE) at San José State University (SJSU) is the largest provider of engineers to Silicon Valley companies and is ranked 12th among engineering programs for master’s-level institutions in the 2009 U.S. News &World Report's listing of "America’s Best Colleges. “Our overarching theoretical model for student retention is based on Tinto’s model. We adapted this model, based on additional research, to address the needs of students at SJSU. According to this model, effective and positive interactions in college should increase the student’s commitment and effort in college, and thereby, increase …
Service Learning In A Multi-Disciplinary Renewable Energy Engineering Course, Stacy Gleixner, Patricia Backer, Elena Klaw
Service Learning In A Multi-Disciplinary Renewable Energy Engineering Course, Stacy Gleixner, Patricia Backer, Elena Klaw
Faculty Publications
One of the most significant challenges facing this coming generation of engineers is how to fight the complex issue of climate change. One aspect of this that is playing an increasingly important role is alternative and renewable energy technologies. Emerging applications such as solar cells, wind energy conversion devices, and fuel cells involve significant contributions across a range of traditional engineering disciplines. Therefore, for companies to be successful in researching, designing, and manufacturing these products, they must operate in a truly multi-disciplinary environment. To prepare graduates to be successful in this, engineering education must provide students with multi-disciplinary learning environments. …
Byu Indoor Flight System Circa June 2011, John C. Macdonald, Robert Leishman
Byu Indoor Flight System Circa June 2011, John C. Macdonald, Robert Leishman
Faculty Publications
This report documents the state of our indoor flight platform as of June 2011, the time of its first flight without a human in the loop. The report is intended to give enough detail that someone might have a reasonable hope of replicating our work from scratch.
Wolf Ant, Gilbert L. Peterson, Christopher M. Mayer, Kevin Cousin
Wolf Ant, Gilbert L. Peterson, Christopher M. Mayer, Kevin Cousin
Faculty Publications
Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms can generate quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. However, like many stochastic algorithms, the quality of solutions worsen as problem sizes grow. In an effort to increase performance, we added the variable step size off-policy hill-climbing algorithm called PDWoLF (Policy Dynamics Win or Learn Fast) to several ant colony algorithms: Ant System, Ant Colony System, Elitist-Ant System, Rank-based Ant System, and Max-Min Ant System. Easily integrated into each ACO algorithm, the PDWoLF component maintains a set of policies separate from the ant colony's pheromone. Similar to pheromone but with different update rules, the PDWoLF policies …
Ir Nonlinear Absorption Leading To Laser-Induced Damage In Ge & Gasb, Torrey J. Wagner, Matthew J. Bohn, Ronald A. Coutu Jr., L. P. Gonzales, J. M. Murray, K. L. Schepler, S. Guha
Ir Nonlinear Absorption Leading To Laser-Induced Damage In Ge & Gasb, Torrey J. Wagner, Matthew J. Bohn, Ronald A. Coutu Jr., L. P. Gonzales, J. M. Murray, K. L. Schepler, S. Guha
Faculty Publications
Using a simultaneous fitting technique to extract nonlinear absorption coefficients from data at two pulse widths, we measure two-photon and free-carrier absorption coefficients for Ge and GaSb at 2.05 and 2.5 μm for the first time. Results agreed well with published theory. Single-shot damage thresholds were also measured at 2.5 μm and agreed well with modeled thresholds using experimentally determined parameters including nonlinear absorption coefficients and temperature dependent linear absorption. The damage threshold for a single-layer Al2O3 anti-reflective coating on Ge was 55% or 35% lower than the uncoated threshold for ps or ns pulses, respectively. Wavelength-dependant …
Thermodynamics Of Dna Hybridization On Surfaces, Terry J. Schmitt, Thomas A. Knotts Iv
Thermodynamics Of Dna Hybridization On Surfaces, Terry J. Schmitt, Thomas A. Knotts Iv
Faculty Publications
Hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) targets to surface-tethered ssDNA probes was simulated using an advanced coarse-grain model to identify key factors that influence the accuracy of DNA microarrays. Comparing behavior in the bulk and on the surface showed, contrary to previous assumptions, that hybridization on surfaces is more thermodynamically favorable than in the bulk. In addition, the effects of stretching or compressing the probe strand were investigated as a model system to test the hypothesis that improving surface hybridization will improve microarray performance. The results in this regard indicate that selectivity can be increased by reducing overall sensitivity by a …
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor-Compatible Detector Materials With Enhanced 1550 Nm Responsivity Via Sn-Doping Of Ge/Si(100), Richard T. Beeler, Jay Mathews, Mee-Yi Ryu, Yung-Kee Yeo, Jose Menendez, John Kouvetakis
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor-Compatible Detector Materials With Enhanced 1550 Nm Responsivity Via Sn-Doping Of Ge/Si(100), Richard T. Beeler, Jay Mathews, Mee-Yi Ryu, Yung-Kee Yeo, Jose Menendez, John Kouvetakis
Faculty Publications
Previously developed methods used to grow Ge1−ySny alloys on Si are extended to Sn concentrations in the 1019−1020 cm−3 range. These concentrations are shown to be sufficient to engineer large increases in the responsivity of detectors operating at 1550 nm. The dopant levels of Sn are incorporated at temperatures in the 370–390 °C range, yielding atomically smooth layers devoid of threading defects at high growth rates of 15–30 nm/min. These conditions are far more compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing than the high growth and processing temperatures required to achieve the same …
Effects Of Tethering A Multistate Folding Protein To A Surface, Shuai Wei, Thomas A. Knotts Iv
Effects Of Tethering A Multistate Folding Protein To A Surface, Shuai Wei, Thomas A. Knotts Iv
Faculty Publications
Protein/surface interactions are important in a variety of fields and devices, yet fundamental understanding of the relevant phenomena remains fragmented due to resolution limitations of experimental techniques. Molecular simulation has provided useful answers, but such studies have focused on proteins that fold through a two-state process. This study uses simulation to show how surfaces can affect proteins which fold through a multistate process by investigating the folding mechanism of lysozyme (PDB ID: 7LZM). The results demonstrate that in the bulk 7LZM folds through a process with four stable states: the folded state, the unfolded state, and two stable intermediates. The …
Dynamics Of A Partially Fluid-Filled Sphere, Jeff Hendricks, Taylor W. Killian, Robert A. Klaus, Nick Smith, Tadd T. Truscott
Dynamics Of A Partially Fluid-Filled Sphere, Jeff Hendricks, Taylor W. Killian, Robert A. Klaus, Nick Smith, Tadd T. Truscott
Faculty Publications
We introduce a study on the slosh dynamics of a partially filled elastic sphere. Currently the physical design of fluid-filled containers utilizes clever construction and machinery to mitigate sloshing motions. There are numerous cases that have been observed but we focus on the impact of a sphere under free fall with an initially undisturbed free surface. The study focuses on measurement and simulation of the force distribution between the fluid and the sphere through the use of high-speed imaging and finite element analysis. Using the cavity shape data, a potential flow numerical model is developed that predicts the unsteady forces. …
Observability Analysis Of Cooperative Localization Using Graph Theory And Lie Derivatives, Rajnikant Sharma
Observability Analysis Of Cooperative Localization Using Graph Theory And Lie Derivatives, Rajnikant Sharma
Faculty Publications
In this report we derive the observability matrix for an edge between two robots and an edge between a robot and a landmark.