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Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Two-Dimensional Current Transient And Trap-State Filling Of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, J. S. Huang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu Nov 1994

Two-Dimensional Current Transient And Trap-State Filling Of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, J. S. Huang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two-dimensional simulations of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors are presented for the case when source-drain voltage is turned on long before gate voltage is turned on. Discrepancies between these results and the one-dimensional results of M. F. Willums, M. Hack, P. G. LeComber, and J. G. Shaw [MRS Symp. Proc. 258, 985 (1992)] are discussed. Valid reasons for drain current decay are provided, and occupation dynamics for the trap states are shown in order to distinguish these from the one-dimensional results of C. van Berkel, J. R. Hughes, and M. J. Powell [J. Appl. Phys. 66, 4488 (1989)] where …

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A Novel Microwave Method For Detection Of Long Surface Cracks In Metals, Chin-Yung Yeh, R. Zoughi Oct 1994

A Novel Microwave Method For Detection Of Long Surface Cracks In Metals, Chin-Yung Yeh, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel microwave technique for detecting long surface cracks in metals is described. This technique utilizes an open-ended waveguide to probe the surface of a metal. In the absence of a crack the metal surface is seen as a relatively good short-circuit load. However, in the presence of a crack higher order modes are generated which in turn change the reflection properties at the waveguide aperture. This change brings about a perturbation in the standing wave characteristics which is then probed by a diode detector. The experimental and theoretical foundations of this technique are given, along with several examples. It …

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Identifying And Quantifying Printed Circuit Board Inductance, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak Aug 1994

Identifying And Quantifying Printed Circuit Board Inductance, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The concepts of inductance and partial inductance play a key role in printed circuit board (PCB) modeling. The inductance of the signal path is an important parameter in high-speed signal integrity calculations. Delta_I noise modeling, crosstalk calculations, and common-mode source identification all rely heavily on accurate estimations of the partial inductance associated with traces, vias, and signal return paths on printed circuit boards. The paper begins by identifying and quantifying the parameters that affect the inductance of typical PCB geometries. Closed-form equations are provided for estimating the partial inductances of simple trace, via, and ground plane configurations. Finally, the issue …

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Modeling Power Bus Decoupling On Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, P. Baudendistal Aug 1994

Modeling Power Bus Decoupling On Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, P. Baudendistal

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power bus decoupling designs on multilayer printed circuit boards must adequately account for the power bus interplane capacitance and its consequences for the design. Lumped element models for a power bus on a multilayer printed circuit board where an appreciable or entire portion of a layer is devoted to power and ground have been developed. The models are applicable below the distributed resonances of the board. Analytical, circuit simulation, and experimental studies have been conducted to test the models, investigate the effects of the distributed interplane capacitance of the power bus, and the effect of interconnect inductance associated with surface-mount …

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The Multirate Method For Simulation Of Power System Dynamics, J. G. Chen, Mariesa Crow Aug 1994

The Multirate Method For Simulation Of Power System Dynamics, J. G. Chen, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, the multirate method is introduced to analyse power system behavior for systems with widely varying time constants. Estimates for computational speed-up are derived based on a linear system approach. The method is applied to a small power system example and the results, both in terms of accuracy and computation time, are compared to traditional simulation methods

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Common Mode Currents Induced On Wires Attached To Multilayer Printed Wire Boards With Segmented Ground Planes, R. Lee Hill, Thomas Van Doren, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Franz Gisn Aug 1994

Common Mode Currents Induced On Wires Attached To Multilayer Printed Wire Boards With Segmented Ground Planes, R. Lee Hill, Thomas Van Doren, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Franz Gisn

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An investigation has been undertaken to further study the fundamental mechanisms responsible for inducing high frequency common mode currents on wires attached to multilayer printed wire boards (PWBs). Previous work reported in the EMC literature has demonstrated that the presence of unintended common mode currents on the external cables of electronic equipment is often the primary source of radiated EMI at frequencies above 30 MHz. In an attempt to reduce the magnitude of these currents to yield `quieter' electronic products, many EMC engineers have implemented segmented or `gapped' ground plane geometries in mulilayer PWB designs. The objective of this study …

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Investigation Of Fundamental Mechanisms Of Common-Mode Radiation From Printed Circuit Boards With Attached Cables, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren Aug 1994

Investigation Of Fundamental Mechanisms Of Common-Mode Radiation From Printed Circuit Boards With Attached Cables, James L. Drewniak, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fundamental mechanisms leading to common-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables have been studied. Two primary mechanisms have been identified, one associated with a differential-mode voltage that results in a common-mode current on an attached cable, and another associated with a differential-mode current that results in a common-mode current on the cable. The two mechanisms are demonstrated through numerical and experimental results.

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Detection Optimization Of Disbond In Layered Composites With Varying Thicknesses Using An Open-Ended Rectangular Waveguide, Stoyan I. Ganchev, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, R. Zoughi Jul 1994

Detection Optimization Of Disbond In Layered Composites With Varying Thicknesses Using An Open-Ended Rectangular Waveguide, Stoyan I. Ganchev, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The detection of air disbond in layered dielectric composite, which is an important practical issue in many industries, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Sensitivity of disbond detection depends on certain parameters, like the frequency of operation, the distance between the sensor and the first dielectric layer, and the layered composite geometry (conductor backed or terminated by an infinite half-space of air). The impact of all these parameters is investigated theoretically and then verified experimentally.

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Simulation Of Communication Systems, William H. Tranter, Kurt Louis Kosbar Jul 1994

Simulation Of Communication Systems, William H. Tranter, Kurt Louis Kosbar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

When both a complex system and a complex channel model are encountered, the result is typically a design or analysis problem that cannot be solved using traditional (pencil and paper) mathematical analysis. Computer-aided techniques, which usually involve some level of numerical simulation, can be a very valuable tool in these situations. The purpose of this article is to provide a tutorial review of some of the basic techniques of communication system simulation. The authors consider the basic techniques used to represent signals, generate signals, and model linear systems, nonlinear systems, and time-varying systems within a simulation. They consider the important …

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Analysis Of Radiation From An Open-Ended Coaxial Line Into Stratified Dielectrics, Sasan Bakhtiari, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi Jul 1994

Analysis Of Radiation From An Open-Ended Coaxial Line Into Stratified Dielectrics, Sasan Bakhtiari, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Radiation from an open-ended coaxial transmission line into an N-layer dielectric medium is studied in application to nondestructive evaluation of materials. Explicit formulations for two cases of layered media, one terminated into an infinite half-space and the other into a conducting sheet are addressed in general form. In the theoretical derivations it is assumed that only the fundamental TEM mode propagates inside the coaxial line. The terminating admittance of the line is then formulated using the continuity of the power flow across the aperture. The admittance expressions for specific cases of two-layer dielectric composite with generally lossy dielectric properties, and …

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A Novel Microwave Fatigue Crack Detection Technique Using An Open-Ended Coaxial Line, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi Jul 1994

A Novel Microwave Fatigue Crack Detection Technique Using An Open-Ended Coaxial Line, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Surface crack detection on metallic structures (aircraft fuselage, turbine blades and nuclear power plant steam generator turbines) is of utmost importance. The use of an open-ended coaxial line for this purpose is very attractive because it offers advantages such as a wide frequency band of operation, small aperture (sensing) area, and excellent sensitivity.

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Electrical And Crystallographic Characterization Of Cdte Grown By The Vapor Transport Method, Jack L. Boone, Gene Cantwell, W. C. Harsch, J. E. Thomas, B. A. Foreman May 1994

Electrical And Crystallographic Characterization Of Cdte Grown By The Vapor Transport Method, Jack L. Boone, Gene Cantwell, W. C. Harsch, J. E. Thomas, B. A. Foreman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Crystallographic and electrical characterization techniques were performed on CdTe single crystal samples grown by the sublimation and physical vapor transport (SPVT) technique. The SPVT growth process described here has resulted in the routine growth of 45-50 mm diameter, 250-300 g boules of single crystal CdTe. As-grown material is p-type in the 5-10 ω cm range. Etch pit densities (EPD) are nominally 7x104 cm-2 along the [111] growth direction and 3x104 cm-2 along the [111] direction. X-ray full width at half maximum (FWHM) on recent samples is 8.6 arc sec compared to 8.5 arc sec theoretical. The as-grown p-type material displays …

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A Powerful And Computationally Efficient Algorithm For Transmission Loss Calculation, Anoop Nanda, David V. Uy, J. Nanda, E. Khan, Mariesa Crow Apr 1994

A Powerful And Computationally Efficient Algorithm For Transmission Loss Calculation, Anoop Nanda, David V. Uy, J. Nanda, E. Khan, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper deals with the formulation of transmission loss PL of a power system through a set of new coefficients (A coefficients) which are extremely efficient, exact and robust and suitable for real time application. Results on a few IEEE test systems are exciting and encouraging. They demonstrate that these A coefficients faithfully represent the system loss, are extremely robust and need not be re-evaluated for changes in the system loading conditions either for evaluation of system loss or cost of generation for economic load dispatch.

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Microwave Noncontact Examination Of Disbond And Thickness Variation In Stratified Composite Media, Sasan Bakhtiari, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi Mar 1994

Microwave Noncontact Examination Of Disbond And Thickness Variation In Stratified Composite Media, Sasan Bakhtiari, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Stoyan I. Ganchev, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Numerical and experimental results of a microwave noncontact, nondestructive detection and evaluation of disbonds and thickness variations in stratified composite media are presented. The aperture admittance characteristics of a flange mounted rectangular waveguide radiating into a layered, generally lossy dielectric media backed or unbacked by a conducting sheet is modeled. The theoretical implementation is based on a Fourier transform boundary matching technique to construct the field components in each medium, coupled with a stationary form of the terminating aperture admittance of the waveguide. The model can serve as a reliable test bed for real-time examination of layered composite media. Experimental …

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Neural Network Enhancement Of The Los Alamos Force Deployment Estimator, Bobby Turner, Donald C. Wunsch Jan 1994

Neural Network Enhancement Of The Los Alamos Force Deployment Estimator, Bobby Turner, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Force Deployment Estimator (FDE) is a decision support system. It allocates transportation resources given inputs such as forces to be deployed and their desired arrival times. Other inputs are assumptions about conditions that affect performance: carrier start time, node capacity, sustainment shipping time, bulk sustainment per day, ammo sustainment per day, unit start time, carrier service time, carrier round trip time, and carrier reassignment time. Outputs include the mean and standard deviation of estimated unit arrival times versus goal times, and data files for post-processing. However, when a goal time is not met, the simulator gives no explanation of …

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Data-Feedthrough Faults In Circuits Using Unclocked Storage Elements, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, D. Lu, A. P. Jayasumana, Y. K. Malaiya, C. Q. Tong Jan 1994

Data-Feedthrough Faults In Circuits Using Unclocked Storage Elements, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, D. Lu, A. P. Jayasumana, Y. K. Malaiya, C. Q. Tong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Some faults in storage elements (SEs) do not manifest as stuck-at-0/1 faults. These include data-feedthrough faults that cause the SE cell to exhibit combinational behaviour. The authors investigate the implications of such faults on the behaviour of circuits using unclocked SEs. It is shown that effects of data-feedthrough faults at the behavioural level are different from those due to stuck-at faults, and therefore tests generated for the latter may be inadequate

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A Modular Approach To Numerical Em Modeling, Todd H. Hubing Jan 1994

A Modular Approach To Numerical Em Modeling, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Discusses the components of numerical EM modelling codes. The authors go on to discuss a modular approach to EM software development which would allow developers to focus on one component at a time. The modular approach relies on standard format input and output files for each component (or module) of the code

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On Fault Modeling And Testing Of Content-Addressable Memories, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, A. P. Jayasumana, Y. K. Malaiya Jan 1994

On Fault Modeling And Testing Of Content-Addressable Memories, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, A. P. Jayasumana, Y. K. Malaiya

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Associative or content addressable memories can be used for many computing applications. This paper discusses fault modeling for the content addressable memory (CAM) chips. Detailed examination of a single CAM cell is presented. A functional fault model for a CAM architecture executing exact match derived from the single cell model is presented. An efficient testing strategy can be derived using the proposed fault model

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Microwave Diagnosis Of Rubber Compounds, Stoyan I. Ganchev, J. Bhattacharyya, Sasan Bakhtiari, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Deborah Brandenburg, R. Zoughi Jan 1994

Microwave Diagnosis Of Rubber Compounds, Stoyan I. Ganchev, J. Bhattacharyya, Sasan Bakhtiari, Nasser N. Qaddoumi, Deborah Brandenburg, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The results of a study investigating the dielectric properties of rubber compounds and their constituents in the frequency range of 5 to 24 GHz are presented. A completely filled short circuited waveguide technique was used to conduct these dielectric measurements. The influence of carbon black content in rubber was investigated for carefully prepared rubber samples. The results showed that for all frequencies, the dielectric constant increases as a function of increasing carbon black content. The variation of dielectric constant values decreases as frequency increases. The presence of curatives in uncured rubber samples was also detected, which indicates the sensitivity of …

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Voltage Collapse. An Engineering Challenge, Mariesa Crow, Bernard C. Lesieutre Jan 1994

Voltage Collapse. An Engineering Challenge, Mariesa Crow, Bernard C. Lesieutre

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Voltage collapse is characterised by a loss of control of the voltage levels in a power system. Although all of the precise mechanisms that affect voltage collapse have not yet been identified, voltage instabilities are known to occur when the power system is operating under a stressed state. The authors discuss voltage collapse and its relationship with the point of maximum power transfer and how voltage collapse can be better predicted

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The Role Of Component Packaging In System Electromagnetic Compatibility, Todd H. Hubing Jan 1994

The Role Of Component Packaging In System Electromagnetic Compatibility, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increases in the speed and density of electronic systems do not necessarily result in tougher electromagnetic compatibility problems. In fact, recent advances in packaging technology can help designers to meet electromagnetic compatibility requirements. However, working with new technologies requires us to re-evaluate existing EMC design models and guidelines. Understanding the system-level impact of component-level packaging changes, is a prerequisite for meeting stringent electromagnetic compatibility requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner.

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Optimal Control Of Infinite-Order Smart Composite Structural Systems Using Distributed Sensors, Robert Butler, Vittal S. Rao Jan 1994

Optimal Control Of Infinite-Order Smart Composite Structural Systems Using Distributed Sensors, Robert Butler, Vittal S. Rao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the design of spatially shaped distributed sensors for the control of infinite-order structural systems. The smart materials polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and shape-memory alloys can be utilized in the development of customized distributed sensors. Sensor shape-optimization techniques are needed for the implementation of optimal control strategies. In this paper, a method for generating the shapes of distributed sensors using finite-dimensional approximations to desired curvature and curvature rate kernels is examined. The output of these spatially distributed sensors is utilized directly as the control signal for suppressing vibrations in infinite-order structural systems. This …

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The Adaptive Control Of Smart Structures Using Neural Networks, Vittal Rao, Rajendra Damle, Chris Tebbe, Frank J. Kern Jan 1994

The Adaptive Control Of Smart Structures Using Neural Networks, Vittal Rao, Rajendra Damle, Chris Tebbe, Frank J. Kern

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of adaptive control algorithms for vibration suppression of smart structures is investigated in this paper. An accurate mathematical representation is not required in this approach. The controller adapts to the parameter variations of the structural system by updating the controller gains. When the desired performance of an unknown plant with respect to an input signal can be specified in the form of a linear or a non-linear differential equation, stable control can be achieved using model-reference adaptive control (MRAC) techniques. The conventional MRAC techniques have been successfully implemented on a smart-structure test article resulting in perfect model following. …

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Order-Recursive Fir Smoothers, Jenq Tay Yuan, John A. Stuller Jan 1994

Order-Recursive Fir Smoothers, Jenq Tay Yuan, John A. Stuller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Introduces Order-Recursive FIR Smoothers and Shows that Order-Recursive FIR Filters Are Special Forms that Occur When No Future Data Values Are Used to Estimate the Signal. the Formulation Leads Naturally to Generalizations of the Concepts of Prediction-Error Basis and Cholesky Factorization Which Are Well Known in FIR Filter Design. © 1994 IEEE

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A Stochastic One-Dimensional Image Model Based On Occluding Object Images, John A. Stuller Jan 1994

A Stochastic One-Dimensional Image Model Based On Occluding Object Images, John A. Stuller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Provides New Insights into the Formation of One-Dimensional (Line-Scan) Image Autocorrelation Functions. We Model a Line Scan as a Composition of Individual Object-Images that Have Random Positions, Widths and Intensities and that Occlude One Another. We Derive the Autocorrelation Function of This Model as a Function of Object-Image Width and Intensity Distributions. We Show that Any Assumption Regarding the Form of the Autocorrelation Function Places a Constraint on Object-Image Width and Intensity Distributions and We Derive the Object-Image Width Distribution Associated with the Widely Used Symmetric-Exponential Autocovariance Model.

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Periodic Pn Sequence Delay Estimation Using Phase Spectrum Data, Kurt Louis Kosbar, Jorge J. Zaninovich Nov 1993

Periodic Pn Sequence Delay Estimation Using Phase Spectrum Data, Kurt Louis Kosbar, Jorge J. Zaninovich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An algorithm for estimating the delay of a periodic pseudonoise (PN) sequence is presented. It is a rapid, block-based estimator that can be used for both linear and nonlinear codes. The algorithm exploits the periodicity of the difference between the phase spectra of the received sequence and a local reference. The estimator takes the Fourier transform of the phase spectrum difference data, and searches for the fundamental frequency. Unlike previously described methods, phase unwrapping is not required. The performance in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and a continuous wave (CW) jammer is investigated using computer simulation. Comparisons …

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Two-Dimensional Simulation Of Switch-On Speeds In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, J. S. Huang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu Oct 1993

Two-Dimensional Simulation Of Switch-On Speeds In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, J. S. Huang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report accurate two-dimensional simulations of switch-on speeds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors. The trap charge density along, or transverse to, the direction of semiconductor channel is highly nonuniform and the trap filling time dominates the switching time as compared to the transit time, which is about four orders of magnitude smaller. Near both contacts, direction of the transverse current is always upwards toward the insulator-semiconductor interface due to the strong electric fields. However, at the central region of the channel, the transient current is quite complex and is discussed here. When the channel length varies from 2 to …

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Transition Mechanisms Of Two Interacting Dx Centers In N-Type Algaas Using Reverse-Bias Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy And Temperature-Dependent Pulse-Width Reverse-Bias Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy Methods, C. W. Wang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu Sep 1993

Transition Mechanisms Of Two Interacting Dx Centers In N-Type Algaas Using Reverse-Bias Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy And Temperature-Dependent Pulse-Width Reverse-Bias Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy Methods, C. W. Wang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The reverse-bias pulsed deep level transient spectroscopy (RDLTS) and a new temperature-dependent pulse-width RDLTS (TDP RDLTS) technique are reported to study the electric-field effect on carrier emission rates and the direct interaction between double DX centers recently detected in the Se:Al0.6Ga0.4As N confinement layer of the AlGaAs/GaAs single-quantum-well laser diodes. Traditional RDLTS measurements, with constant pulse width tp, prove that the two DX centers, Et1 and Et2, have strong direct emission interaction. Furthermore, the new TDP-RDLTS technique enables one to evaluate this direct transition time constant. Possible mechanisms for this interstate …

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A Study Of Numerically Efficient Algorithms For Power System Dynamic Analysis, J. G. Chen, Mariesa Crow Aug 1993

A Study Of Numerically Efficient Algorithms For Power System Dynamic Analysis, J. G. Chen, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, the multirate method is introduced to analyze power system behavior including linear and nonlinear systems with widely varying time constants. The development and study of time domain simulation techniques and error detection are discussed. The results, both in terms of accuracy and computation time, are compared to traditional simulation methods in a small nonlinear power system example

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An Algorithm For Automated Printed Circuit Board Layout And Routing Evaluation, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, Puneet Grover, R. Lee Hill Aug 1993

An Algorithm For Automated Printed Circuit Board Layout And Routing Evaluation, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, Puneet Grover, R. Lee Hill

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An algorithm has been developed to evaluate printed circuit boards that are designed using automated board layout and routing software. The algorithm analyzes aspects of component placement and trace routing while searching for violations of basic EMC design principles. The algorithm is implemented in code designed to work with a widely used board layout and routing program. This code can help novice and experienced circuit board designers to avoid mistakes that may result in serious electromagnetic compatibility problems.

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