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Articles 301 - 330 of 3445

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Carbon Nanotube-Coated Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Soham Dipakbhai Parikh Jan 2021

Carbon Nanotube-Coated Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Soham Dipakbhai Parikh

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Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have beneficial properties for cell scaffolding, which has translated into effective growth of bone, muscle, and cardiac cells. However, loose carbon nanotubes can cause in vivo toxicity. To reduce this risk, our team has developed biomimetic scaffolds with multiscale hierarchy where carpet-like CNT arrays are covalently bonded to larger biocompatible substrates. In this study, we have tested such scaffolds in two distinct types of biomedical applications involving glioblastoma and keratinocyte cells. The growth of glioblastoma (GBM) cells on our CNT-coated biomimetic scaffolds was evaluated to check their suitability as a potential chemotherapy-loaded implant for GBM patient treatment. …

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Modeling Conductive Properties Of Highly Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube And Graphene Thin Films, Mark Joseph Foster Jan 2021

Modeling Conductive Properties Of Highly Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube And Graphene Thin Films, Mark Joseph Foster

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Properties of layered material systems have been investigated since the 1940s and are currently very well understood. Classical mechanics combined with the well-developed lamination theory enable the prediction of multi-layered system properties once the properties of its constituents are known. The ability of the lamination theory to predict the conductive properties of multi-layered highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene thin films is investigated. Experimental results showed that the classical lamination theory is not valid in the case of the investigated nanofilm system. Using experimental results, we developed a closed form model using MATLAB which enabled the correct prediction …

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Design And Implementation Of Fully Integrated Cmos On-Chip Bandpass Filter With Wideband High-Gain Low Noise Amplifier, Yu Wang Jan 2021

Design And Implementation Of Fully Integrated Cmos On-Chip Bandpass Filter With Wideband High-Gain Low Noise Amplifier, Yu Wang

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Current trends of fully integrated CMOS on-chip bandpass filter are classified into 1) the component level (i.e., active inductor, Q-enhanced passive inductor, negative resistance cancellation), and 2) the circuit level (i.e., adding transmission zeros on stopband, applying the zigzag technique for fewer inductors, superposition of different resonators). The demand for monolithic designs for portable devices attracts market interest in a fully integrated CMOS on-chip bandpass filter. Optimized minimal inductors (OMI) bandpass filter is a good platform for use in both active and passive bandpass filters, mainly because 1) it provides good stopband rejection for high interface attenuation, and 2) the …

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Sample Mislabeling Detection And Correction In Bioinformatics Experimental Data, Soon Jye Kho Jan 2021

Sample Mislabeling Detection And Correction In Bioinformatics Experimental Data, Soon Jye Kho

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Sample mislabeling or incorrect annotation has been a long-standing problem in biomedical research and contributes to irreproducible results and invalid conclusions. These problems are especially prevalent in multi-omics studies in which a large set of biological samples are characterized by multiple types of omics platforms at different times or different labs. While multi-omics studies have demonstrated tremendous value in understanding disease biology and improving patient outcomes, the complexity of these studies may increase opportunities for human error. Fortunately, the interrelated nature of the data collected in multi-omics studies can be exploited to facilitate the identification and, in some cases, correction …

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Influence Of Build Direction On Interface Regions In Additive Manufacturing Of Multi-Material Refractory Alloys, Cherish Christina Clark Lesko Jan 2021

Influence Of Build Direction On Interface Regions In Additive Manufacturing Of Multi-Material Refractory Alloys, Cherish Christina Clark Lesko

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In the pursuit of optimum performance, materials engineering seeks to design the microstructure and thus the properties of a material through the control of the material composition and processing. Functionally graded materials (FGM) are designed to incorporate location-specific material properties through compositional changes within the part. Moving toward location-specific design of material properties requires the ability to produce material gradients in three dimensions which can be accomplished through the use of additive manufacturing (AM). This research examines the composition-process-structure-property relationship of early iteration titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) graded alloys built in a novel laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process …

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Augmenting Structure/Function Relationship Analysis With Deep Learning For The Classification Of Psychoactive Drug Activity At Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Hannah Willow Shows Jan 2021

Augmenting Structure/Function Relationship Analysis With Deep Learning For The Classification Of Psychoactive Drug Activity At Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Hannah Willow Shows

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate intracellular signaling pathways via interaction with external stimuli. [1-5] Despite sharing similar structure and cellular mechanism, GPCRs participate in a uniquely broad range of physiological functions. [6] Due to the size and functional diversity of the GPCR family, these receptors are a major focus for pharmacological applications. [1,7] Current state-of-the-art pharmacology and toxicology research strategies rely on computational methods to efficiently design highly selective, low toxicity compounds. [9], [10] GPCR-targeting therapeutics are associated with low selectivity resulting in increased risk of adverse effects and toxicity. Psychoactive drugs that are active at Class A GPCRs used …

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Influence Of Build Direction On Interface Regions In Additive Manufacturing Of Multi-Material Refractory Alloys, Cherish Christina Clark Lesko Jan 2021

Influence Of Build Direction On Interface Regions In Additive Manufacturing Of Multi-Material Refractory Alloys, Cherish Christina Clark Lesko

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In the pursuit of optimum performance, materials engineering seeks to design the microstructure and thus the properties of a material through the control of the material composition and processing. Functionally graded materials (FGM) are designed to incorporate location-specific material properties through compositional changes within the part. Moving toward location-specific design of material properties requires the ability to produce material gradients in three dimensions which can be accomplished through the use of additive manufacturing (AM). This research examines the composition-process-structure-property relationship of early iteration titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) graded alloys built in a novel laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process …

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Ab Initio Methylammonium Orientation And Monolayer Effects In Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells, Jacob M. Artz Jan 2021

Ab Initio Methylammonium Orientation And Monolayer Effects In Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells, Jacob M. Artz

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Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) has garnered attention due to their high solar cell efficiencies and low cost to manufacture, but commercialization is not yet possible owing to poor environmental stability. Thus, researchers seek ways which optimize the performance of the MAPbI3 solar cell by modifying the architecture and through interfacial engineering of the charge transport layers. Difficulties in understanding these devices arise from ion migration, charge separation and recombination, and metastable, thermally active precessions of the methylammonium (MA) moiety in the lead iodide framework. In this work, focus is given to the perovskite and an adsorbed monolayer, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorothiophenol (C6F5SH), which …

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Gated Hall And Field-Effect Transport Characterization Of E-Mode Zno Tfts, Jason C. Anders Jan 2021

Gated Hall And Field-Effect Transport Characterization Of E-Mode Zno Tfts, Jason C. Anders

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Amorphous and nano-crystalline metal oxide semiconductors are an important class of materials under continuing investigation for emerging technologies. Accurate measurements of electron mobility in these materials is critical for furthering overall device development. This is complicated due to the fact that device measurements such as current response, transistor input and output characteristics, as well as mobility are affected by transport-limiting factors, such as charge trapping effects at the dielectric / active layer interface, and restriction of electronic transport across grain boundaries. In this work, we focus on the binary metal oxide thin film transistor (ZnO TFT), a normally-off (e-mode) transistor …

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The Regulation Of Small Gtpase Rac1 Phosphorylation, Activation And Subcellular Localization By Δnp63Α, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi Jan 2021

The Regulation Of Small Gtpase Rac1 Phosphorylation, Activation And Subcellular Localization By Δnp63Α, Amjad Ahmed Aljagthmi

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ΔNp63α, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, plays a critical role in normal development and human disease. Loss of ΔNp63α expression is associated with increased cancer invasiveness and metastasis. The small GTPase Rac1 is a master regulator of cell motility, and increased Rac1 activity upregulates cell invasion in multiple human cancers. Increased cancer cell invasion associated with ΔNp63α knockdown and Rac1 activation suggests a novel mechanism by which ΔNp63α regulates tumor invasiveness through Rac1. Accordingly, we sought to delineate the effects of ΔNp63α on Rac1 phosphorylation, activation and subcellular localization. We identified a novel ΔNp63α/miR-320a/PKCᵧ signaling pathway …

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Modeling Of Excitation In Skeletal Muscle, Sabrina Kinzie Metzger Jan 2021

Modeling Of Excitation In Skeletal Muscle, Sabrina Kinzie Metzger

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Recent experimental findings in the Rich lab suggest there are important gaps in our understanding of muscle excitability in various disease states. To generate and test hypotheses as well as to determine whether our current understanding of various aspects of muscle excitation can fully explain experimental findings, an accurate model of muscle excitation was needed. Previous studies have modeled excitation of muscle, but in each case, important aspects were omitted. One reason for this is that little effort has been made to accurately simulate muscle action potentials. In this thesis I present progress made towards generation of a model of …

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A Rebellion Framework With Learning For Goal-Driven Autonomy, Zahiduddin Mohammad Jan 2021

A Rebellion Framework With Learning For Goal-Driven Autonomy, Zahiduddin Mohammad

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Modeling an autonomous agent that decides for itself what actions to take to achieve its goals is a central objective of artificial intelligence. There are various approaches used to build autonomous agents including neural networks, state machines, utility functions, learning agents, and cognitive architectures. In this thesis, we focus on cognitive architectures. Our approach uses specific knowledge of the world, the goals they pursue, and the actions being performed. Most agents do what they are told (i.e., achieve the goals given to them by a human), but a genuinely autonomous agent does more. It can formulate its own goal or …

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The Course Scheduling Problem With Room Considerations, Lijian Xiao Jan 2021

The Course Scheduling Problem With Room Considerations, Lijian Xiao

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The course scheduling problem (CSP), more commonly referred to as the university timetabling problem, belongs to the larger family of general scheduling problems, where the aim is to assign students, faculties, exams, or lectures to a limited number of rooms over time in accordance under real-world constraints. Such problems are known to be NP-complete and have been the subject of study for the optimization society for many decades. This research extends the classical CSP to the CSP with Room Considerations (CSP-R) by incorporating two room-related considerations; cohort-to-room preference and topic-to-room preference. While the former refers to students in each cohort …

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Partial Facial Re-Imaging Using Generative Adversarial Networks, Derek Desentz Jan 2021

Partial Facial Re-Imaging Using Generative Adversarial Networks, Derek Desentz

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Existing facial recognition software relies heavily on using neural networks to extract key facial features to accurately classify known individuals. Some of these key features include the shape, size, and distance between an individual’s eyes, nose, and mouth. When these key features cannot be extracted due to facial coverings, existing applications become inaccurate and unreliable. The accuracy and reliability of these technologies are growing concerns as the facial recognition market continues to grow at an exponential rate. In this thesis, we have developed a web-based application service that is able to take in a partially covered face image and generate …

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Texture Evolution In Materials With Layered Crystal Structures, Vamsi Krishna Vempati Jan 2021

Texture Evolution In Materials With Layered Crystal Structures, Vamsi Krishna Vempati

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Materials with a layered structure consist of crystalline layers that are bonded to each other with secondary bonds (van der Waals interactions). The bonding between crystalline layers is relatively weak compared to the interatomic bonding within the crystalline layers. This research hypothesizes that under appropriate conditions, such as elevated temperature, the deformation of layered materials occurs like the classic “deck of cards” with no preferred direction of slip on the slip planes. The motivation for this study is from the experimental texture evolution of one such material, Bismuth Telluride ,(Bi2Te3), commonly used materials for thermoelectric applications in the range of …

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Contact Fatigue Of Spur Gear Operating Under Starved Lubrication Condition, Aparna Udthala Jan 2021

Contact Fatigue Of Spur Gear Operating Under Starved Lubrication Condition, Aparna Udthala

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This study describes contact fatigue behavior of spur gear contacts operating under mixed elastohydrodynamic condition. The focus is placed on the starvation effect on fatigue crack initiation. With the model, parametric simulations are carried out with different contact parameters. In the process, the lubricant supply is varied to alter the lubrication condition from fully flooded to severely starved circumstance. Multi-axial stress fields induced by surface normal and tangential tractions are evaluated, whose amplitudes and means are used in a multi-axial fatigue criterion to determine the crack initiation life. It is found a lower lubricant viscosity elongates fatigue life when severe …

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Silk Hydrogels Incorporated With Melanin, Anne Lutz Jan 2021

Silk Hydrogels Incorporated With Melanin, Anne Lutz

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Melanin is a naturally produced pigment found within the human body. Melanin is known for its ability to protect against Ultra Violet light, but also its ability to allow for mechanical protection. Making melanin a good addition to biomedical devices such as hydrogels. Silk hydrogels are weak in their load bearing capabilities but are known for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and porosity. This makes the silk hydrogel a good material to incorporate melanin into in order to improve the mechanical properties. For the silk solution to form a solid, there must be a presence of both a catalyst and an oxidizer …

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Computer Modeling Of Solar Thermal System With Underground Storage Tank For Space Heating, Mohammad Yousef Mousa Naser Jan 2021

Computer Modeling Of Solar Thermal System With Underground Storage Tank For Space Heating, Mohammad Yousef Mousa Naser

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Space heating is required in almost every dwelling across the country for different periods of time. The thermal energy needed to meet a heating demand can be supplied using different conventional and/or renewable technologies. Solar energy is one example of a renewable resource that can be used for supplying heating needs. It can be utilized either by using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity, that in turn can be used to operate heaters, or by using solar thermal panels. Solar thermal panels obtain higher operating efficiencies than photovoltaic panels, but solar energy for heating purposes suffers from a mismatch between supply …

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Structural Analysis And Link Prediction Algorithm Comparison For A Local Scientific Collaboration Network, Denys Guriev Jan 2021

Structural Analysis And Link Prediction Algorithm Comparison For A Local Scientific Collaboration Network, Denys Guriev

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Scientific collaboration between researchers is very common and much influential and ground-breaking research is performed by teams comprised of scientist from different fields and organizations. In this thesis, we analyze and model a small scientific collaboration network limited to two organizations: Wright State University and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Research paper co-authorship is used for establishing the network structure. We analyze several network properties and compare them to past results from analysis of larger and more diverse collaboration networks. We show that the two-organization network we explored exhibits properties similar to those of larger networks. Guided by advances in …

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Functionalizing Ceramic Matrix Composites By The Integration Of A Metallic Substructure With Comparable Feature Size, Elizabeth Pierce Heckman Jan 2021

Functionalizing Ceramic Matrix Composites By The Integration Of A Metallic Substructure With Comparable Feature Size, Elizabeth Pierce Heckman

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A metallic network has been embedded in a silicon carbide fiber– silicon carbide (SiC) matrix ceramic composite (CMC) in order to combine the functional properties of the metal and the structural properties of the CMC. The processing of the composite involves iterative pre-ceramic polymer infiltration and heating to temperatures at 1100°C. The metallic structure embedded in the CMC must retain its unique properties during processing and cannot convert to a silicide or carbide resulting from diffusion of Si and C species from the SiC matrix. To gain an understanding of the diffusion process, a fully processed CMC with tungsten, tantalum, …

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Bayesian Inspired Multi-Fidelity Optimization With Aerodynamic Design, Christopher Corey Fischer Jan 2021

Bayesian Inspired Multi-Fidelity Optimization With Aerodynamic Design, Christopher Corey Fischer

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In most engineering design problems, there exist multiple models of varying fidelities for use in predicting a single system response such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models constructed using Potential Flow, Euler equations, or full physics Navier Stokes implementation. Engineering design is constantly pushing the forefront of the field through imposing stricter and more complex constraints on system performance, thus elevating the need for use of high-fidelity models in the design process. Increasing fidelity level often correlates to an increase in cost (financial, computational time, and computational resources). Traditional design processes rely upon low-fidelity models for expedience and resource savings. …

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Fabrication And Analysis Of High-Performance Thermochemically Densified Wood, Victor Arulappan Pushparaj Jan 2021

Fabrication And Analysis Of High-Performance Thermochemically Densified Wood, Victor Arulappan Pushparaj

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While wood construction may be as ancient as humanity itself, wood remains one of the most utilized structural materials because of it’s availability, low cost, durability, surprisingly high specific mechanical properties, and renewability. Recent research into wood-based materials has focused on strategies for enhancing the strength and stiffness of as-grown materials. We fabricated densified wood by thermochemically treating raw white oak wood in Na2SO3 and NaOH solutions, followed by compressing the treated wood at 5MPa at high temperature. Treating the raw wood in NaOH and Na2SO3 cleaves the alpha-O-4 ether bond and beta-O-4 ether bonds, thus dissolving most of the …

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Unraveling The Etiologies Of Discrete Subaortic Stenosis: A Focus On Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Hemodynamics, Jason A. Shar Jan 2021

Unraveling The Etiologies Of Discrete Subaortic Stenosis: A Focus On Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Hemodynamics, Jason A. Shar

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Discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) is an obstructive cardiac disease characterized by the formation of a thin fibromuscular ring of tissue in the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT). Although its etiology is unknown, the association between DSS, pediatric age, and morphological LVOT abnormalities points to a potential hemodynamic etiology. Here, altered subaortic flow dynamics, stemming from deviated LVOT anatomy, may promote lesion formation through local fluid shear stress abnormalities triggering membrane formation. The assessment of this hypothetical pathway requires elucidation of the complex LV wall shear stress (WSS) environment. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that altered LV hemodynamics, …

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Numerical Investigation Of Flow Around A Deformed Vacuum Lighter-Than-Air Vehicle, Jared N. Kerestes Jan 2021

Numerical Investigation Of Flow Around A Deformed Vacuum Lighter-Than-Air Vehicle, Jared N. Kerestes

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This study characterizes the functional dependence of drag on Reynolds number for a deformed vacuum lighter-than-air vehicle. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, is used to preform large eddy simulations (LES) over a range of Reynolds numbers; only Reynolds numbers less than 310,000 are considered. While the overarching goal is drag characterization, general flow-field physics are also discussed, including basic turbulence spectra. All large eddy simulations are preceded by a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation using Menter’s shear stress transport (SST) model. The precursor RANS simulation serves to (1) provide realistic initial conditions, (2) decrease the time needed to …

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Interferometry Analysis Method For Colliding Plasma Generated With Exploded Wires, Michael D. Gruesbeck Jan 2021

Interferometry Analysis Method For Colliding Plasma Generated With Exploded Wires, Michael D. Gruesbeck

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Building upon recent work to estimate electron and ion densities from paired interferograms, the current work develops a model for the 2D interference phase function. Unlike the previous work that only estimated a radial plasma profile from images of a singly exploded straight Cu wire, we estimate 2D properties from a colliding plasma generated from two simultaneously exploded wires. First, a 2D phase model is proposed for the interference patterns of the images taken at 1064 nm and 532 nm. Then, the model parameters are estimated using Fourier analysis. Secondly, the plasma region in each image is partitioned into subregions …

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Development And Application Of A Computational Modeling Scheme For Periodic Lattice Structures, Abdalsalam Fadeel Jan 2021

Development And Application Of A Computational Modeling Scheme For Periodic Lattice Structures, Abdalsalam Fadeel

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Sandwich structures are widely used for aerospace, marines and other applications due to their light-weight, strength, and strain energy absorption capability. The cores of the sandwich structure are typically fabricated by using high strength cellular materials such as aluminum and titanium alloys, or polymer foams, and honeycombs. Lattice cell structures (LCS) of different configurations such as body centered cubic (BCC), tetrahedron and pyramidal are being investigated as core material due to their design freedom and periodic nature. Due to the recent advent of additive manufacturing (AM), new research is being sought in the areas of designing and developing application-specific LCS …

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Computational Simulation And Analysis Of Neuroplasticity, Madison E. Yancey Jan 2021

Computational Simulation And Analysis Of Neuroplasticity, Madison E. Yancey

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Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is the process by which neurons alter their activity in response to changes in network activity. Neuroscientists attempting to understand homeostatic synaptic plasticity have developed three different mathematical methods to analyze collections of event recordings from neurons acting as a proxy for neuronal activity. These collections of events are from control data and treatment data, referring to the treatment of neuron cultures with pharmacological agents that augment or inhibit network activity. If the distribution of control events can be functionally mapped to the distribution of treatment events, a better understanding of the biological processes underlying homeostatic synaptic …

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Alterations In Cardiac Motions Of The Failing Heart During Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation, Benjamin Allyn Schmitt Jan 2021

Alterations In Cardiac Motions Of The Failing Heart During Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation, Benjamin Allyn Schmitt

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Objectives: Heart failure (HF) refractory to medical management can be effectively treated with mechanical support. However, available devices are frequently associated with complications due to blood contact. Direct cardiac compression (DCC) devices augment LV systolic pump function by externally compressing the heart surface. Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation (DMVA) is a unique DCC method providing not only systolic but, importantly, diastolic support. However, DCC in general remains a relatively poorly understood modality. The purpose of this study was to examine DMVA’s effect on restoration of physiologic function in the failing heart. Methods: Global ischemic HF was induced with 5 mins of …

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Deep Learning For Compressive Sar Imaging With Train-Test Discrepancy, Morgan R. Mccamey Jan 2021

Deep Learning For Compressive Sar Imaging With Train-Test Discrepancy, Morgan R. Mccamey

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We consider the problem of compressive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with the goal of reconstructing SAR imagery in the presence of under sampled phase history. While this problem is typically considered in compressive sensing (CS) literature, we consider a variety of deep learning approaches where a deep neural network (DNN) is trained to form SAR imagery from limited data. At the cost of computationally intensive offline training, on-line test-time DNN-SAR has demonstrated orders of magnitude faster reconstruction than standard CS algorithms. A limitation of the DNN approach is that any change to the operating conditions necessitates a costly retraining …

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Aqueous Fabrication Of Pristine And Oxide Coated Znse Nanoparticles, Nicholas L. Van Zandt Jan 2021

Aqueous Fabrication Of Pristine And Oxide Coated Znse Nanoparticles, Nicholas L. Van Zandt

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Semiconducting nanoparticles have received significant attention due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Quantum dots (QDs), a class of spherical nanoparticles, possess a size-dependent bandgap and photoluminescence at visible wavelengths. QDs have many applications including biological labelling, solar cells, chemical impurity detection, and optical glasses. Doping QDs into optical glasses is highly desirable. High-quality QDs can be synthesized via liquid solution methods. However, solution-synthesized QDs often degrade over time and they cannot survive incorporation into a glass melt without protection. In this work, the aqueous synthesis of ZnSe QDs and coating with nanometer silica and alumina protective shells are investigated. The …

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