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Articles 601 - 630 of 1828
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A New Spatially-Resolved Method To Sample Biofilms From Drinking Water Fountains, Yi Liu
A New Spatially-Resolved Method To Sample Biofilms From Drinking Water Fountains, Yi Liu
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain, is a facility designed to provide drinking water in public space. It consists of a basin and a spout. The users need to bend down to the stream to collect or drink water. The history of water fountains can be traced back to ancient Rome. Even before potable water was provided to individual homes, water for drinking was already made available to citizens through access to public fountains. Nowadays, drinking water fountains usually exist in public places, like schools, hospitals, and libraries. Many jurisdictions in the United States require drinking fountains to …
Computational Imaging Methods For Analysis Of Datscan Spect Images, Hae Sol Moon
Computational Imaging Methods For Analysis Of Datscan Spect Images, Hae Sol Moon
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
There is an important need to develop biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and assess the severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The potential to derive such biomarkers from quantitative dopamine transporter scan (DaT-Scan) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, in particular the uptake of DaT in the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus regions, is highly appealing as imaging is non-invasive and DaTScan is already used in the management of patients with PD. However, reliable quantification requires reliable segmentation of these regions in these images. Reliable segmentation is challenging due to the limited spatial resolution and high image noise in SPECT images …
Hemodynamic Effects On Aortic Development Due To Outflow Tract Banding, Humza Ismail
Hemodynamic Effects On Aortic Development Due To Outflow Tract Banding, Humza Ismail
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Hemodynamic forces drive remodeling of the early cardiac system in embryonic development. Perturbations of normal cardiac blood flow can cause the formation of defects and malformations within the cardiac system. Specifically, changes in hemodynamics can cause the formation of different congenital heart defects. The formation of heart defects has been studied; however, vasculature specific defects caused by changes in blood flow patterns in the early cardiac system have not been studied to the same degree. In this thesis, the effects of hemodynamic changes on arterial development were studied. Outflow tract banding (OTB) was used to cause a local increase in …
Robust Control Of Burst Suppression Amid Physical And Neurological Uncertainty, Stephen Ampleman, Shinung Ching
Robust Control Of Burst Suppression Amid Physical And Neurological Uncertainty, Stephen Ampleman, Shinung Ching
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Burst suppression is a clinical term describing a phenomenon in which the electroencephalogram (EEG) of a sedated patient produces behavior that switches between higher frequency and amplitude bursting to lower frequency and lower amplitude suppression. This phenomenon can be observed during general anesthesia, hypothermia, or in an otherwise induced coma state. In a clinical setting, this phenomenon is typically induced by sedation from a drug such as propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol). The level of sedation can be quantified by something called the burst suppression ratio (BSR), which is defined as the amount of time that a patient’s EEG is in a suppressed …
Potential Of Hydrodynamic Metamaterial Cloak For Drag Reduction, Rong Zou
Potential Of Hydrodynamic Metamaterial Cloak For Drag Reduction, Rong Zou
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Metamaterials are rationally designed artificial materials composed of tailored functional building blocks densely packed into an effective material. While metamaterials historically are primarily thought to be associated with negative index of refraction and invisibility cloaking in electromagnetism or optics, it turns out that the simple metamaterial concept also applies to many other areas of physics namely the thermodynamics, classical mechanics including elastostatics, acoustics, fluid dynamics and elastodynamics, and in principle also to the quantum mechanics. The goal of this thesis is to introduce and evaluate the potential of a hydrodynamic metamaterial cloak for drag reduction of objects in viscous flow. …
A Generalized Gaussian Process Likelihood For Psychometric Function Estimation, Jonathan Wenhan Chen
A Generalized Gaussian Process Likelihood For Psychometric Function Estimation, Jonathan Wenhan Chen
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Psychometric functions model the relationship between a physical phenomenon, an independent variable, and a subject’s performance on a cognitive task. The estimation of these psychometric functions is critical for the understanding of perception and cognition as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of many sensory conditions. The ability to estimate psychometric functions of any complexity is necessary to this end. In the following thesis, a generalized likelihood function for psychometric function estimation with Gaussian processes is described and validated. Such a likelihood function is necessary to enable the usage of Gaussian processes for the estimation of non-zero guess and …
Predicting Disease Progression Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks And Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Data, Seunghwan Kim
Predicting Disease Progression Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks And Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Data, Seunghwan Kim
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are widely adopted and used throughout healthcare systems and are able to collect and store longitudinal information data that can be used to describe patient phenotypes. From the underlying data structures used in the EHR, discrete data can be extracted and analyzed to improve patient care and outcomes via tasks such as risk stratification and prospective disease management. Temporality in EHR is innately present given the nature of these data, however, and traditional classification models are limited in this context by the cross-sectional nature of training and prediction processes. Finding temporal patterns in EHR is especially …
Vehicle Design Study Of A Straight Flying-Wing With Bell-Shaped Spanload, Kevin Hainline
Vehicle Design Study Of A Straight Flying-Wing With Bell-Shaped Spanload, Kevin Hainline
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Straight flying-wing configurations, that is flying wings with zero quarter-chord sweep, are key to understanding bird flight, have potential performance improvements, and are suitable for "survivable" applications. Straight flying-wings are also well suited for morphing geometry, e.g. with variable twist, since changes in lift distribution do not impact longitudinal equilibrium. The straight-flying wing can adjust its lift distribution to optimize aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of flight conditions. In this thesis, we conduct the design study of a flying-wing with bell-shaped spanload; the study vehicle is called "Biom T1". Biom T1 has a more efficient directional control scheme acheived …
Predicting Disease Progression Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks And Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Data, Seunghwan Kim
Predicting Disease Progression Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks And Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Data, Seunghwan Kim
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are widely adopted and used throughout healthcare systems and are able to collect and store longitudinal information data that can be used to describe patient phenotypes. From the underlying data structures used in the EHR, discrete data can be extracted and analyzed to improve patient care and outcomes via tasks such as risk stratification and prospective disease management. Temporality in EHR is innately present given the nature of these data, however, and traditional classification models are limited in this context by the cross- sectional nature of training and prediction processes. Finding temporal patterns in EHR is …
Cfd Modeling Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Arrays Using Actuator Cylinder Theory, Cory Schovanec
Cfd Modeling Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Arrays Using Actuator Cylinder Theory, Cory Schovanec
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
The goal of this thesis is to analyze the flow field and power generation from a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) by extending the Actuator Cylinder Model to include the viscous effects. Turbulent flow effects in the Actuator Cylinder Model are modeled by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model in ANSYS FLUENT. A study is performed to establish mesh independence of the solutions. Numerical solutions on a fine mesh are compared to existing theoretical results based on inviscid theory for a series of flow conditions and turbine sizes. Similar trends in the present turbulent …
A High Frequency Photoacoustic System For Colorectal Cancer Imaging, Kexin Huang
A High Frequency Photoacoustic System For Colorectal Cancer Imaging, Kexin Huang
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
While colorectal cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, early detection is a key factor in its survival rate. Compared to conventional imaging modalities, photoacoustic imaging offers benefits in providing angiographic images which are valuable for early-stage tumor detection. This thesis presents the design of a 32-channel 80 MHz photoacoustic image system, whose relatively high frequency offers particular advantages. The system comprises several modules, including a laser system, ultrasound probe, AD convertor, microcontroller (FPGA), and a computer. The system requires programs for the FPGA and the data receiver on the computer. The data transportation …
A Performance Analysis Of Hardware-Assisted Security Technologies, Wenjie Qiu
A Performance Analysis Of Hardware-Assisted Security Technologies, Wenjie Qiu
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a novel hardware-assisted security technology introduced by Intel Corporation. The ambition of Intel SGX is to provide an isolated and secure execution environment for user-space applications. Even if the BIOS is compromised, the protected applications remains secure. The isolated execution environment is located in a special memory region called the enclave. Promoting and using a novel technology requires a good understanding of it. This thesis first contains a systematization of knowledge of the hardware-assisted security technologies, trusted computing and the Intel SGX. What is more, to have the best practice of using Intel SGX, …
Transcriptomic Analysis Of Cytokine-Treated Tissue-Engineered Cartilage As An In Vitro Model Of Osteoarthritis, Jiehan Li
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Osteoarthritis (OA), as the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide, currently has no disease-modifying drugs. Inflammation plays an important role in cartilage degeneration in OA, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, have been shown to induce degradative changes along with aberrant gene expression in chondrocytes, the only resident cells in cartilage. The goal of this study was to further understand the transcriptomic regulation of tissue-engineered cartilage in response to inflammatory cytokines using an in vitro miPSC model system. We performed RNA sequencing for the IL-1β or TNF-α treated tissue-engineered cartilage derived from murine iPSCs, …
Embedding Preference Elicitation Within The Search For Dcop Solutions, Yuanming Xiao
Embedding Preference Elicitation Within The Search For Dcop Solutions, Yuanming Xiao
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
The Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem(DCOP)formulation is a powerful tool to model cooperative multi-agent problems, especially when they are sparsely constrained with one another. A key assumption in this model is that all constraints are fully specified or known a priori, which may not hold in applications where constraints encode preferences of human users. In this thesis, we extend the model to Incomplete DCOPs (I-DCOPs), where some constraints can be partially specified. User preferences for these partially-specified constraints can be elicited during the execution of I-DCOP algorithms, but they incur some elicitation costs. Additionally, we propose two parameterized heuristics that can …
A Computationally-Efficient Bound For The Variance Of Measuring The Orientation Of Single Molecules, Tingting Wu, Tianben Ding, Hesam Mazidi, Oumeng Zhang, Matthew D. Lew
A Computationally-Efficient Bound For The Variance Of Measuring The Orientation Of Single Molecules, Tingting Wu, Tianben Ding, Hesam Mazidi, Oumeng Zhang, Matthew D. Lew
Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations
Modulating the polarization of excitation light, resolving the polarization of emitted fluorescence, and point spread function (PSF) engineering have been widely leveraged for measuring the orientation of single molecules. Typically, the performance of these techniques is optimized and quantified using the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), which describes the best possible measurement variance of an unbiased estimator. However, CRB is a local measure and requires exhaustive sampling across the measurement space to fully characterize measurement precision. We develop a global variance upper bound (VUB) for fast quantification and comparison of orientation measurement techniques. Our VUB tightly bounds the diagonal elements of the …
Measuring Localization Confidence For Quantifying Accuracy And Heterogeneity In Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy, Hesam Mazidi, Tianben Ding, Arye Nehorai, Matthew D. Lew
Measuring Localization Confidence For Quantifying Accuracy And Heterogeneity In Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy, Hesam Mazidi, Tianben Ding, Arye Nehorai, Matthew D. Lew
Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations
We present a computational method, termed Wasserstein-induced flux (WIF), to robustly quantify the accuracy of individual localizations within a single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) dataset without ground- truth knowledge of the sample. WIF relies on the observation that accurate localizations are stable with respect to an arbitrary computational perturbation. Inspired by optimal transport theory, we measure the stability of individual localizations and develop an efficient optimization algorithm to compute WIF. We demonstrate the advantage of WIF in accurately quantifying imaging artifacts in high-density reconstruction of a tubulin network. WIF represents an advance in quantifying systematic errors with unknown and complex distributions, …
Investigating Patterns In Convolution Neural Network Parameters Using Probabilistic Support Vector Machines, Yuqiu Zhang
Investigating Patterns In Convolution Neural Network Parameters Using Probabilistic Support Vector Machines, Yuqiu Zhang
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Artificial neural networks(ANNs) are recognized as high-performance models for classification problems. They have proved to be efficient tools for many of today's applications like automatic driving, image and video recognition and restoration, big-data analysis. However, high performance deep neural networks have millions of parameters, and the iterative training procedure thus involves a very high computational cost. This research attempts to study the relationships between parameters in convolutional neural networks(CNNs). I assume there exists a certain relation between adjacent convolutional layers and proposed a machine learning model(MLM) that can be trained to represent this relation. The MLM's generalization ability is evaluated …
Nanoscale Colocalization Of Fluorogenic Probes Reveals The Role Of Oxygen Vacancies In The Photocatalytic Activity Of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires, Meikun Shen, Tianben Ding, Steven T. Hartman, Fudong Wang, Christina Krucylak, Zheyu Wang, Che Tan, Bo Yin, Rohan Mishra, Matthew D. Lew, Bryce Sadtler
Nanoscale Colocalization Of Fluorogenic Probes Reveals The Role Of Oxygen Vacancies In The Photocatalytic Activity Of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires, Meikun Shen, Tianben Ding, Steven T. Hartman, Fudong Wang, Christina Krucylak, Zheyu Wang, Che Tan, Bo Yin, Rohan Mishra, Matthew D. Lew, Bryce Sadtler
Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations
Defect engineering is a strategy that has been widely used to design active semiconductor photocatalysts. However, understanding the role of defects, such as oxygen vacancies, in controlling photocatalytic activity remains a challenge. Here, we report the use of chemically triggered fluorogenic probes to study the spatial distribution of active regions in individual tungsten oxide nanowires using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The nanowires show significant heterogeneity along their lengths for the photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals. Through quantitative, coordinate-based colocalization of multiple probe molecules activated by the same nanowires, we demonstrate that the nanoscale regions most active for the photocatalytic generation of …
The Effects Of Mixed-Initiative Visualization Systems On Exploratory Data Analysis, Alvitta Ottley, Adam Kern
The Effects Of Mixed-Initiative Visualization Systems On Exploratory Data Analysis, Alvitta Ottley, Adam Kern
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
The primary purpose of information visualization is to act as a window between a user and the data. Historically, this has been accomplished via a single-agent framework: the only decision-maker in the relationship between visualization system and analyst is the analyst herself. Yet this framework arose not from first principles, but a necessity. Before this decade, computers were limited in their decision-making capabilities, especially in the face of large, complex datasets and visualization systems. This paper aims to present the design and evaluation of a mixed-initiative system that aids the user in handling large, complex datasets and dense visualization systems. …
The Scaffolds To Guide Fast Angiogenesis, Tianhong Zhou
The Scaffolds To Guide Fast Angiogenesis, Tianhong Zhou
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Angiogenesis is one of the most challenging problems in bone structure repair. The different types of 3D fibrous morphology structure of the extracellular matrix for fasting angiogenesis have been studied. Due to the densely packed constructs and limited porosity of scaffold, the challenge still remains for scaffold fabrication. In this study, we fabricated PCL scaffold with growth factors and cells to guide fast angiogenesis by electro-spinning and electro-spray simultaneously. We developed a technique that electro-spinning encapsulates growth factors OPN(Recombinant Human Osteopontin) and SDF-1α(CXCL12) in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres into PCL 3D structures scaffold fibers. We also developed a new technique to …
Dynamics And Control In Spiking Neural Networks, Fuqiang Huang
Dynamics And Control In Spiking Neural Networks, Fuqiang Huang
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
In the brain, neurons (brain cells) produce electrical impulses, or spikes, that are thought to be the substrate of information processing and computation. Through enigmatic processes, these spikes are ultimately decoded into perceptions and actions. The nature of this encoding and decoding is one of the most pervasive questions in theoretical neuroscience. In other words, what are the specific functions enacted by neural circuits, through their biophysics and dynamics? This thesis examines the dynamics of neural networks from the perspective of control theory and engineering. The pivotal concept is that of the normative synthesis of neural circuits, wherein neural dynamics …
Longitudinal Acoustic Traps: Design, Fabrication, And Evaluation For Biological Applications, Michael Moore Binkley
Longitudinal Acoustic Traps: Design, Fabrication, And Evaluation For Biological Applications, Michael Moore Binkley
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Acoustofluidics combine ultrasonic actuation with small-volume microfluidic channels to enable precise, contactless object manipulation for a range of applications from serial chemical processing to blood component separation and single-cell analysis. Micron- to millimeter-scale vibrational waves generate reproducible pressure fields within the microfluidic channels and chambers. By exploiting the material property mismatch between a particle (polymeric and silica beads, cells, etc.) and a suspending fluid, the acoustic radiation force is used to move particles toward regions of low (nodes) or high pressure (antinodes). An understanding of these field-particle interactions is applied to design and implement complicated channel architectures for preferential segregation …
Rhodococcus Opacus Pd630 Genetic Tool Development To Enable The Conversion Of Biomass, Drew Michael Delorenzo
Rhodococcus Opacus Pd630 Genetic Tool Development To Enable The Conversion Of Biomass, Drew Michael Delorenzo
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
The discovery of fossil fuels facilitated a new era in human history and allowed many firsts, such as the mass production of goods, the ability to travel and communicate long distances, the formation of population dense cities, and unprecedented improvements in quality of life. Alternative sources of energy and chemicals are needed, however, as hydrocarbon reserves continue to deplete and the effects of burning fossils on the planet become better understood. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant raw material in the world and a viable alternative to petroleum-derived products. The pre-treatment of lignocellulose (e.g., thermocatalytic depolymerization, enzymatic hydrolysis, pyrolysis, etc.) …
Corrosion-Resistant Non-Carbon Electrocatalyst Supports For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Cheng He
Corrosion-Resistant Non-Carbon Electrocatalyst Supports For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Cheng He
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising portable power source due to their low operating temperature, minimal pollutant generation and fast startup. However, several challenges remain concerning lifetime, reliability, and cost. A critical issue is PEMFC component durability. Platinum supported on high surface area carbon has been one of the most widely used electrocatalysts in PEMFCs. However, carbon corrosion over the course of normal PEMFC operation occurs due to the relatively low standard electrode potential for the carbon dioxide/carbon redox couple (0.207V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Considering this challenge, it is imperative to identify alternative support materials to …
Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction In Transcranial Photoacoustic Computed Tomography, Joemini Poudel
Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction In Transcranial Photoacoustic Computed Tomography, Joemini Poudel
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is an emerging imaging modality that exploitsoptical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles to form images of the photoacousticallyinduced initial pressure distribution within tissue. The PACT reconstruction problemcorresponds to an inverse source problem in which the initial pressure distribution is recoveredfrom measurements of the radiated pressure wavefield. A major challenge in transcranialPACT brain imaging is compensation for aberrations in the measured data due to the presenceof the skull. Ultrasonic waves undergo absorption, scattering and longitudinal-to-shear wavemode conversion as they propagate through the skull. To properly account for these effects, awave-equation-based inversion method should be employed that can …
Contemporary Problems In Aerosol Aggregation And Gelation, Pai Liu
Contemporary Problems In Aerosol Aggregation And Gelation, Pai Liu
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Aggregation of nanoparticles in aerosols is a fundamental phenomenon with important implications to diverse fields ranging from material synthesis to pollutant control. The past few decades have witnessed extensive research on investigating the structure and growth mechanism of aerosol aggregates with sizes spanning across several orders of magnitude. This dissertation focuses on some contemporary problems that remain unaddressed in this topical area. Aerosol aggregates in sub-micron regimes, which are formed via the irreversible collision and aggregation of solid nanoparticle monomers, are fractal-like in their morphology. A mathematical description of this seemingly random structure dates to the seminal works by Forest …
Group A: Asme Student Design Challenge, Dakshi Jindal, Ashley Perry, Ben Liao
Group A: Asme Student Design Challenge, Dakshi Jindal, Ashley Perry, Ben Liao
Mechanical Engineering Design Project Class
This year's student design competition is termed "Building to the Sky." Student teams are required to build a compact engineering system capable of manufacturing a tower made of only standard-sized sheets of paper.
Development Of High-Speed Photoacoustic Imaging Technology And Its Applications In Biomedical Research, Yun He
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) is a novel imaging modality that combines the fine lateral resolution from optical imaging and the deep penetration from ultrasonic imaging, and provides rich optical-absorption–based images. PAT has been widely used in extracting structural and functional information from both ex vivo tissue samples to in vivo animals and humans with different length scales by imaging various endogenous and exogenous contrasts at the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum. For example, hemoglobin in red blood cells is of particular interest in PAT since it is one of the dominant absorbers in tissue at the visible wavelength.The main focus of …
Group E: Improved Greens Harvester, Paige Grittner, Paul Harding, Ned Curran, Jennifer Mata
Group E: Improved Greens Harvester, Paige Grittner, Paul Harding, Ned Curran, Jennifer Mata
Mechanical Engineering Design Project Class
The Improved Greens Harvester is a project designing an improved machine that will be used to harvest crops by our client, EarthDance Organic Farm School in Ferguson, MO. The goal of our design was to provide a simple, easy-to-use, and easyto-fix machine that would cut and collect baby green leaves as the user walks along the plant bed. We first sought to address issue with the client’s current machine including low cutting accuracy, strain on the user’s body, frequent jamming, and low efficiency. Our initial design was a cart design that included: an oscillating blade for cutting, a rotating rope-shaft …
Improved Greens Harvester, Sharon Park, Khalil Clark, Millyn Brieschke
Improved Greens Harvester, Sharon Park, Khalil Clark, Millyn Brieschke
Mechanical Engineering Design Project Class
This paper attempts to provide a prototype of the improved greens harvester. Some inconveniences of the users, including not able to cut greens at a constant length, greens getting clogged in between the brush and the basket, and the need to empty the basket a lot of times. This paper describes problem understanding, concept generation, concept selection, concept embodiment, working prototype, and design refinement. Through these analyses and processes, an improved greens harvester solving the inconveniences is designed. The improved greens harvester has a higher greens harvester with wheels that makes using the harvester less troublesome. Band saw is stuck …