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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 3180

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Cfd Analysis Of Vapor Chamber With Micro Pillars As Heat Spreader For High Power Electronic Devices, Yasir Aziz Modak May 2016

Cfd Analysis Of Vapor Chamber With Micro Pillars As Heat Spreader For High Power Electronic Devices, Yasir Aziz Modak

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The recent trend in electronic industry shows that there is large power dissipation from the electronic devices and at the same time their sizes are getting smaller. This large power dissipation takes place in the form of releasing heat energy. It is observed that heat dissipation from the electronic devices is high and source size is small. The high device temperatures result in decreased reliability and increased failure rates. This difficulty can be addressed by controlling the temperatures at the source of heat generation. In chip scale package chip is the major source of heat generation. Thus our priority is …

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Experimental And Computational Board Level Reliability Assessment Of Thick Board Qfn Assemblies Under Power Cycling, Sumanth Krishnamurthy May 2016

Experimental And Computational Board Level Reliability Assessment Of Thick Board Qfn Assemblies Under Power Cycling, Sumanth Krishnamurthy

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Quad Flat No-Lead Package (QFN) is one of the latest cutting edge technologies that took the industry by storm due to its excellent electrical and thermal performance, compact size and low cost. Due to its compact size, QFN package is an ideal choice for handheld portable applications and where package performance is required. In QFN packages, the electrical contact to the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is made through soldering of the lands underneath the package body rather than the traditional leads formed along the perimeter. However, using thick PCBs can be detrimental to the reliability of the package. The motivation …

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Effect Of Structural Variations On Thermal Deformation Of Single Curvature Composite Sandwich Panels, Brady C. Lotz May 2016

Effect Of Structural Variations On Thermal Deformation Of Single Curvature Composite Sandwich Panels, Brady C. Lotz

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Composite structures cured at a high temperature in a contoured female mold have a tendency to deform or spring-in when brought down to room temperature from cure temperature. This thesis investigates the effects of various structural parameters on the spring-in of the curved shape of a composite sandwich panel due to thermal deformation. A finite element model of a single curved composite sandwich panel is developed using 3D shell elements and validated against other published articles and classical lamination theory. Using a control structure of AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy with half inch Nomex honeycomb core with a layup of [0°/90°/0°/90°/Core/90°/0°/90°/0°]T, structural parameters …

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Performance Evaluation Of Plate-Fin And Pin-Fin Heat Sinks For The Application Of Oil Immersion Cooling And Design Optimization Of Dynamic Cold Plate For The Application Of Warm Water Cooling, Parth Jayeshkumar Soni May 2016

Performance Evaluation Of Plate-Fin And Pin-Fin Heat Sinks For The Application Of Oil Immersion Cooling And Design Optimization Of Dynamic Cold Plate For The Application Of Warm Water Cooling, Parth Jayeshkumar Soni

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In IT industries, to keep server rooms and data centers cool is a constant challenge for hardware developers and the cooling solution providers. Air cooling is the most widely used approach for thermal management of servers in data centers from many years. However, the scenario is changing gradually as the computational ability of data center is increasing exponentially. Because of increasing computational ability, the heat generated by the servers is increased in such amount that air cooling is not as efficient as it was before. Hence, alternative cooling system is required. In 1970’s the idea of liquid cooling was introduced. …

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Control Strategies For Air-Side Economization, Direct And Indirect Evaporative Cooling And Artificial Neural Networks Applications For Energy Efficient Data Centers, Abhishek Guhe May 2016

Control Strategies For Air-Side Economization, Direct And Indirect Evaporative Cooling And Artificial Neural Networks Applications For Energy Efficient Data Centers, Abhishek Guhe

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The skyrocketing growth in data centers, facilities that house information technology (IT) equipment for storage, management and distribution of data while striving for 24/7/365 operation with 100% up-time, has accounted for 1.3% of global energy use. A significant portion of data center energy is dedicated to removing the heat generated by IT equipment to maintain safe operating conditions and optimum computing performance. Energy efficient cooling of data center is of vital importance. One of the options for significantly cutting the cooling cost is the use of air side economization (ASE), Indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) and Direct evaporative cooling (DEC) without …

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Optimization Of Air Cooled Portion In A Server With Water Cooled Micro-Processors, Neha Inamdar May 2016

Optimization Of Air Cooled Portion In A Server With Water Cooled Micro-Processors, Neha Inamdar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

A Data center is the heart of our associated world. It is a facility that houses computer systems and related components. According to IDC, because of enormous increment in pattern of IoT (Internet of Things) and distributed computing the introduced limit of server farm workloads will increment by around 750% around 2014 and 2019. Data center spaces can consume up to 100 to 200 times as much power as standard office spaces. With such huge influence utilization, they are prime focuses for vitality proficient outline measures that can spare cash and lessen power use. In a regular Data center with …

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A Study Of Electrical Double Layer Structure Over A Corroding Steel Surface In Sea Water, Pratik Babanrao Kale May 2016

A Study Of Electrical Double Layer Structure Over A Corroding Steel Surface In Sea Water, Pratik Babanrao Kale

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Corrosion is a natural deterioration phenomenon that throws profound adverse effects on the performance of structural steel in marine applications. Seawater consists of various corrosive components such as chlorine ions, sulphate ions and many more. These chemical components are mainly responsible for the corrosion phenomenon. Even though their bulk concentrations are known, their local concentrations and distribution in the vicinity of a steel surface where the corrosion occurs are yet unclear. Without the knowledge, would any approach to deal with the corrosion be empirical, at best. The main objective of the present thesis is to investigate the interfacial structure of …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Plasmonic-Magnetic Au-Co Multilayered Nanorods, Akshay Hande May 2016

Synthesis And Characterization Of Plasmonic-Magnetic Au-Co Multilayered Nanorods, Akshay Hande

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in various forms, are considered as biocompatible and are of great interest for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Biomedical applications of AuNPs originate from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. In order to tune the SPR wavelength to the near infrared (NIR) region which is required for deep light penetration for in vivo applications, various types of AuNPs such as nanorods, nanoprisms, nanoshells and nanocages have been developed and investigated. SPIONs have also been explored extensively for biomedical applications, including magnetic cell separation, contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), …

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An Actomyosin Driven, Pressure Based Adhesion Model Of Confined Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Migration, Jamie Wright May 2016

An Actomyosin Driven, Pressure Based Adhesion Model Of Confined Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Migration, Jamie Wright

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of glial tumors arising in the support cells of the brain. Cell migration plays a critical role in undermining the surgical resection of tumors. Peripheral cells freely detach and invade the surrounding tissue, preferentially collecting and migrating within confined, mechanically distinct environments such as along the borders of white matter tracts and vasculature. These tracks have been mimicked experimentally using small, rectangular PDMS micro-channels. GBM cells will readily enter and migrate through these micro-channels in the absence of any chemoattractant, even without specific cell-substrate adhesion (integrins) if channel dimensions decrease …

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Interactive Analytical Tool For Quantitative Corneal Confocal Imaging In Vivo, Madhavi Tippani May 2016

Interactive Analytical Tool For Quantitative Corneal Confocal Imaging In Vivo, Madhavi Tippani

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The objective of this study was to develop an interactive software application for image reconstruction and analysis of the corneal data from an in vivo confocal microscope (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph with Rostock Corneal Module, HRT-RCM). The optical sectioning ability of confocal microscopy gives high resolution optical section images at different depths within a thick tissue, thereby eliminating the need for physical sectioning. This ability of 4-dimensional (x,y,z and t) imaging makes confocal microscopy uniquely suited for imaging the cornea at the cellular level. The new program was developed to overcome the drawbacks of the original application “Confo” developed in the …

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Computer Vision Algorithm Development And Biomedical Applications, Vasant Kearney May 2016

Computer Vision Algorithm Development And Biomedical Applications, Vasant Kearney

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Supervising Professor: Liping Tang and Weihua Mao This study focuses on the development and analysis of novel computer vision algorithms for biomedical applications. Chapter 2 focuses on developing a 2D Canny edge-based DIR algorithm to register in vivo white light images taken at various time points. Using a mouse model, the accuracy of the canny edge-based DIR algorithm was tested using evaluation metrics, a ground truth synthetic scenario, and fluorescent gamma analysis. The results indicate that the Canny edge-based DIR algorithm performs better than all other algorithms. Chapter 3 focuses on the development of a novel longitudinal fluorescent signal tracking …

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Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh May 2016

Strengthening Of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (Cfrp), Tariq Al Jaafreh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This research aimed to investigate the effect of utilizing “Fiber Reinforced Polymer” (FRP) on the light weight concrete beams. The main hypothesis is that such utilization of the FRP will lead to strengthened lightweight beams. The research that has been done on this relationship is somewhat broad in the scope and have mostly focused on the normal-weight concrete. However, only few studies that have considered the light weight concrete. Eight Beams were tested in this research under four point bending test. Two beams were taken as a control beams without any external bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer. Another two …

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Comparison Of Methane Production From Household Waste, Sunita Baniya May 2016

Comparison Of Methane Production From Household Waste, Sunita Baniya

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process in which various microorganisms transform complex organic compounds to methane, along with carbon dioxide, water vapor and a small amount of other trace gases in absence of oxygen. Methane from anaerobic digestion processes is being increasingly utilized as an alternative energy source in developing as well as developed countries. These days the energy crisis is very acute in rural communities of developing countries, where fuelwood has been and still is the major source of daily used fuel. Through anaerobic digestion, clean-burning fuel for cooking can be produced from degradation of household organic wastes, solving …

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Impact Of Weather Factors On Go-Around Occurrence, Bharath Donavalli May 2016

Impact Of Weather Factors On Go-Around Occurrence, Bharath Donavalli

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A “go-around” occurs when an aircraft, which is on final approach, aborts it landing due to unsatisfactory conditions. Go-arounds have a significant impact on the capacity of the airports and pose a serious concern at large airports, especially for airports with diagonal runways. Go-arounds occur due to manual errors, mechanical faults and weather factors. This study focuses on the impact of weather factors on go-around occurrence. The study includes wind gust, storm events (thunderstorm, rain and snow) and visibility as the weather factors under investigation. The author uses a factorial sampling strategy where these factors are segmented into additional categories …

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Sustainable Reuse Of Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane, Sharon Priyadarshini May 2016

Sustainable Reuse Of Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane, Sharon Priyadarshini

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

According to US, EIA 2014 coal alone produces nearly 40% of electricity more than another source in US. Out of the 110 million tons of Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) generated per year as a result of coal combustion, 47% is reused whereas 53% is stored on-site or sent to landfills. There are a number of adverse economic and environmental impacts associated with storage and disposal of coal. Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG), contributing 32% of current climate forcing (US EPA, 2015). Landfill gas comprises of 50-55% CH4 and 40-45% CO2. Global warming potential of CH4 is 28 …

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Air Dispersion Modeling Of Multiple Natural Gas Well Pads At Different Terrain Conditions And Determination Of Inverse Distance Weighting Function Exponent, Fatemeh Khalaj May 2016

Air Dispersion Modeling Of Multiple Natural Gas Well Pads At Different Terrain Conditions And Determination Of Inverse Distance Weighting Function Exponent, Fatemeh Khalaj

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Natural gas production and development has been widely spreading all over the United States. Texas has been leading the nation in natural gas production by holding approximately twenty three percent of the nation’s natural gas reserves. However, natural gas exploration, drilling, production and distribution process have impacts on air quality and human health. The emissions from natural gas processes could be categorized as volatile organic compounds (including Hazardous Air Pollutants), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter and some other minor emitted pollutants, which have the potential of causing serious health problems and also impact air quality from an environmental …

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Safety Aspects Of Bicyclists In A Connected Vehicle Environment, Ajaykumar Patil May 2016

Safety Aspects Of Bicyclists In A Connected Vehicle Environment, Ajaykumar Patil

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The revival in the number of bicyclists, bike infrastructure investments and bike policies in the U.S. in the last two decades has escalated the importance of bicycling as a mode of transportation. With the proliferating role of the bicycle mode, bike fatalities continue to grow, too. In response to the increase in fatalities and crashes caused by human driven vehicles, the automobile industry and governments seek to develop autonomous vehicles that can address most of the human related crash causes. While increasing safety remains the primary goal of autonomous vehicles (AV) innovation, the difficulty of bicyclist and pedestrian detection using …

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Improving Hydrologic Prediction For Large Urban Areas Through Stochastic Analysis Of Scale-Dependent Runoff Response, Advanced Sensing And High-Resolution Modeling, Amir Norouzi May 2016

Improving Hydrologic Prediction For Large Urban Areas Through Stochastic Analysis Of Scale-Dependent Runoff Response, Advanced Sensing And High-Resolution Modeling, Amir Norouzi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Due to urbanization and climate change, large urban areas such as the DallasFort Worth Metroplex (DFW) area is vulnerable not only to river flooding but also flash flooding. Due to the nonstationarities involved, projecting how the changes in land cover and climate may modify flood frequency in large urban areas is a challenge. Part I of this work develops a simple spatial stochastic model for rainfall-to-areal runoff in urban areas, evaluates climatological mean and variance of mean areal runoff (MAR) over a range of catchment scales, translates them into runoff frequency as a proxy for flood frequency, and assesses its …

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Guided-Mode Resonant Filters And Reflectors: Principles, Design, And Fabrication, Manoj Niraula May 2016

Guided-Mode Resonant Filters And Reflectors: Principles, Design, And Fabrication, Manoj Niraula

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Thin-film structures incorporating wavelength-scale gratings provide functionalities for applications in various optical systems. Previously, spectral filters, wideband reflectors, and polarizers have been identified as potential application areas. In this dissertation, we overview the operational principles of these resonant periodic structures, discuss the methods of their design and fabrication, and propose and demonstrate novel functionalities for spatial and spectral filtering, and unpolarized wideband reflection. Fashioned with materially sparse gratings, these optical devices are easy to fabricate and integration friendly compared to their traditional multi-layer counterparts making their research and development critical for practical applications. We study, theoretically, modal properties and parametric …

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Power-Derived Thermal Characterization Of Sige Hbts And Design Of Timing Circuit Using A Phase Locked-Loop, Valay Dineshbhai Shah May 2016

Power-Derived Thermal Characterization Of Sige Hbts And Design Of Timing Circuit Using A Phase Locked-Loop, Valay Dineshbhai Shah

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Silicon Germanium (SiGe) hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been designed to cater the demand of high speed circuits having speed applications in wireless, optical communication and space electronics. Due to higher cut-off frequencies and high speed applications, self heating plays a significant role in the performance of SiGe HBTs. This dissertation paper does an extensive analysis on the effect of self heating and used DC measurement methods to extract the self heating parameter, thermal resistance (Rth). A non-linear thermal model is proposed to take into account the effects of the non-linearity in device parameters with increase in device temperature. The …

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Sparse Decentralized Principal Components Analysis For Dimensionality Reduction, Nanruo Chen May 2016

Sparse Decentralized Principal Components Analysis For Dimensionality Reduction, Nanruo Chen

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a data compression technology relying on dimensionality reduction. In a wireless sensor network, the acquired data may be spatially scattered and include many zero variables, for which a standard PCA approach cannot account for. To this end, a new algorithm is designed to solve both problems. We combine sparse principal components analysis (SPCA) and distributed principal components analysis (DPCA) together to obtain a sparse distributed principal components analysis (SDPCA) algorithm. Norm-one regularization along with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used for SPCA. ADMM is also employed to obtain a distributed compression algorithm …

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Investigation Of Prefrontal Cognition Responses To Transcranial Laser Stimulation In Ptsd Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Dev Rajanikant Patel May 2016

Investigation Of Prefrontal Cognition Responses To Transcranial Laser Stimulation In Ptsd Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Dev Rajanikant Patel

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

In recent years low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been of great research interest because of its therapeutic applications in psychiatry, neurology and ophthalmology. In-vivo transcranial delivery of LLLT has shown to induce beneficial metabolic effects and increase in cognitive functions and hence has been found to be useful in treating neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of LLLT on prefrontal cognitive functions, namely attention and short term memory, over six sessions on veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), using near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this study the subjects were instructed to perform two neurocognitive …

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Diffused Correlation Spectroscopy For Measurement Of Blood Perfusion During Low Level Laser Therapy (Lllt), Soni Sagar May 2016

Diffused Correlation Spectroscopy For Measurement Of Blood Perfusion During Low Level Laser Therapy (Lllt), Soni Sagar

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Near infrared stimulation or Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is an innovative technique shown to effect the microvasculature hemodynamics. The aim of this study is to use Diffused Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) to evaluate the physiological effects of LLLT on blood perfusion. This study is divided into two parts: the fist part is the development of DCS system and the second part is investigating the effects of LLLT on biological tissue. DCS is an emerging non-invasive technique to probe deep tissue hemodynamics. DCS uses time-averaged intensity autocorrelation function for the fluctuations caused due to the moving scatterers (RBCs) in biological tissue. …

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Mathematical Optimization Techniques For Managing Selective Catalytic Reduction For A Fleet Of Coal-Fired Power Plants, Antonio Alejandro Alanis Pena May 2016

Mathematical Optimization Techniques For Managing Selective Catalytic Reduction For A Fleet Of Coal-Fired Power Plants, Antonio Alejandro Alanis Pena

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Major commercial electricity generation is done by burning fossil fuels out of which coal-fired power plants produce a substantial quantity of electricity worldwide. The United States has large reserves of coal, and it is cheaply available, making it a good choice for the generation of electricity on a large scale. However, one major problem associated with using coal for combustion is that it produces a group of pollutants known as nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx are strong oxidizers and contribute to ozone formation and respiratory illness. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the quantity of NOx emitted to the atmosphere in …

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Analysis Of An Artificial Tailplane Icing Flight Test Of A High-Wing, Twin-Engine Aircraft, Shehzad Maksudahmad Shaikh May 2016

Analysis Of An Artificial Tailplane Icing Flight Test Of A High-Wing, Twin-Engine Aircraft, Shehzad Maksudahmad Shaikh

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The US Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) conducted a civilian, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) sponsored, evaluation of tailplane icing of a twin-turboprop business transport at Edwards Air Force Base. The flight test was conducted to evaluate ice shape growth and extent of ice on the tailplane for specific weather conditions of Liquid Water Content (LWC), droplet size, and ambient temperature. This work analyzes the flight test data comparing the drag for various tailplane icing conditions with respect to a flight test verified calibrated aircraft model. Although less than a third of the test aircraft was involved in the icing …

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A Mesh Based Boom To Stop Oil Spread, Bharathram Visweswaran May 2016

A Mesh Based Boom To Stop Oil Spread, Bharathram Visweswaran

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In this work, we develop a new boom to separate oil and water. In a commonly used boom, a membrane that has no pores is normally used to block oil spread. Since this membrane also blocks water flow, high pressure is easy to build on such a membrane to break or damage it. To solve this problem, in the new boom, the membrane is replaced with a hydrogel-coated mesh. The hydrogel-coated mesh has dual properties of superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity. Accordingly, water can still go through the mesh, while oil cannot. Subsequently, liquid pressure on the mesh is reduced. In this …

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Analysis Of Electric Double Layer Structure Formed During Corrosion Of Steel Pipes Carrying Potable Water, Tanmay Sanjeev Gupte May 2016

Analysis Of Electric Double Layer Structure Formed During Corrosion Of Steel Pipes Carrying Potable Water, Tanmay Sanjeev Gupte

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Corrosion of steel pipes carrying drinking water is a universal issue. It affects human health as the corrosion sediments in these pipes can be toxic and unfit for consumption. Further, the amassing of the corrosion products can lead to operational difficulties. Drinking water consists of anions like carbonate, hydroxides and chloride ions which are responsible for the corrosion process. In such types of aqueous corrosion, there is an interfacial region formed between the corroding metal and the bulk of the aqueous environment. This interfacial region is called the Electrical Double Layer. In this article, we direct to study the effects …

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Reliability Challenges In Airside Economization And Oil Immersion Cooling, Jimil Manojbhai Shah May 2016

Reliability Challenges In Airside Economization And Oil Immersion Cooling, Jimil Manojbhai Shah

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The Datacom facility which comprises rooms or closets used for communication, computers/servers or electronic equipment requires cooling unit which consumes 31% (23% HVAC cooling + 8% HVAC fans) of overall energy. The ASHRAE TC9.9 subcommittee, on Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, has suited the data center’s executives by permitting brief period outings of the environmental conditions outside the prescribed temperature-humidity range, into passable extents A1-A4. To comprehend the expanding server densities and the required cooling vitality costs, data center operators are falling back on cost cutting measures. For instance, they are not firmly controlling the …

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Harvesting Of Water From Fog Using Sponges, Jae Jun Lee May 2016

Harvesting Of Water From Fog Using Sponges, Jae Jun Lee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Supervising Professor: Cheng Luo A sponge has porous structures. It is capable of both storing and transmitting water. In this work, we explored the possibility of applying three different types of sponges to collect fog. We also compared their fog-collection efficiencies with that of a typical Raschel mesh that is widely used in the field to collect fog. We found that, for three different fog speeds, the fog-collection efficiencies of three tested sponges were 39% to 93% those of the typical Raschel mesh, indicating that the sponges could serve as alternative fog collectors when well-developed collectors were not available. Sponge …

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Structural Retrofit Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Using Cfrp, Ahmed Haider Mohiuddin May 2016

Structural Retrofit Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Using Cfrp, Ahmed Haider Mohiuddin

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have developed numerous applications in the field of Civil Engineering, mostly because of their beneficial properties like high strength-to=weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. This study presents an easy and expedient finite element (FE) able to accurately estimate the axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns confined with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The element is able to model collapse due to concrete crushing. The FE generated in this study is used the load carrying capacity of CFRP confined RC columns subjected to concentric loading. Constitutive models for materials …

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