Engineering Commons^™

Simulation Project Characteristics In Industrial Settings, Paul Savory

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

In a survey of practitioners of discrete-event simulation from industry and research institutes who "build models for money," we asked about project goals, user backgrounds and training, organizational types and activities, software and hardware choices, modeling team composition, and effort allocation within a modeling project. We found that (1) only about half of the practitioners have three or more years experience, (2) many academics feel strongly affiliated with their industry clients rather than with their university employers, (3) shop-floor supervisors rarely lead simulation projects, even though their knowledge of the system may be unparalleled, (4)simulation models are generally described as …

A Cultural Anthropological Overview Of The Niobara/Missouri National Scenic Riverways, Beth R. Ritter, Robert K. Hitchcock, Michelle L. Watson, Michele Voeltz, Thomas D. Thiessen, Oliver Froehling, Rebecca Hautzinger, Judith Campbell Miller, Michele Moray, Leonard R. Bruguier, Gloria Rial

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

This document is a cultural anthropological overview and assessment of the Niobrara/Missouri National Scenic Riverways (NIMI). It represents the first formal planning step taken by the National Park service (NPS) to identify the different ethnic and religious groups of people that have historical and/or contemporary ties to the NIMI region. It primarily focuses on American Indian groups that used the NIMI region for various purposes in past historical times. The discussion of American Indian peoples emphasizes the three Federally-recognized tribes that reside in the NIMI region today, the Poncas, Santee Sioux, and Yankton sioux. Other groups that used the NIMI …

Soy Protein Isolate/Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Films, V. M. Ghorpade, A. Gennadios, M. A. Hanna, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Films were prepared by casting and drying alkaline aqueous film-forming solutions of soy protein isolate (SPI). Four additional types of films were made by combining SPI with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in SPI to PEO ratios of 19:1, 9:1, 4:1, and 1.5:1 (w/w). Glycerin was added to all film-forming solutions as a plasticizer at 60% of total solid weight. Addition of PEO decreased film tensile strength (TS) and increased elongation at break (E). TS values ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 MPa and E values ranged from 83 to 152%. Water vapor permeability of the films ranged from 3.0 x 10^{-9 …}

Thermomechanical Behavior Of Wheat Gluten Films: Effect Of Sucrose, Glycerin, And Sorbitol, George Cherian, Aristippos Gennadios, Curtis L. Weller, Pavinee Chinachoti

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Glass transition temperature (T_g) and mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of wheat gluten films containing glycerin, sucrose, glycerin-sucrose, and glycerin-sorbitol were studied. Glycerin and sucrose were immiscible; the wheat gluten film containing both solutes showed two separate thermal transitions (-58°C and -5°C, respectively). The low temperature (low-T) transition (-58°C) was due to a glycerin-rich region. The low-T tan δ peak height influenced the tensile strength and elongation linearly and the water vapor permeability (WVP) curvilinearly. However, the T_g failed to change with solute composition and exhibited low correlation with barrier and mechanical …

Darcy-Weisbach Roughness Coefficients For Surfaces With Residue And Gravel Cover, John E. Gilley, Eugene R. Kottwitz

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Several types of hydraulic resistance factors may be present on upland agricultural areas. It is not known whether roughness contributions from individual elements are additive or if interactions between resistance factors may occur. In this study, Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients were measured on surfaces containing corn-soybeans, sorghum-cotton, and sunflower-wheat residue in addition to gravel cover. Varying rates of flow were introduced into a flume in which residue and gravel materials were securely attached. Roughness coefficients were calculated from measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity for Reynolds number values varying from approximately 1,200 to 13,000. The laboratory data were then used …

Auger Design For Uniform Unloading Of Granular Material: I. Rectangular Cross-Section Containers, David D. Jones, Michael F. Kocher

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Design equations were developed for two auger configurations that for practical purposes generate uniform vertical flow of granular material through containers or boxes having a rectangular cross-section. Both configurations have uniform outside diameters so the simple geometry of the conventional U-trough housings could be used with these augers. One configuration had a uniform pitch for the auger flighting and decreasing inside diameter. The other had a uniform inside diameter and a decreasing pitch of the flighting with distance from the outlet end of the auger. Both configurations dramatically improved the uniformity of flow over the conventional auger. However, confidence intervals …

Auger Design For Uniform Unloading Of Granular Material: Ii. Cylindrical Containers, Michael F. Kocher, David D. Jones

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The analysis presented can be used to determine the design equations for augers that produce uniform vertical flow of granular material through containers with cylindrical cross-sections. The augers so designed have a constant outside diameter and a variable root or shaft diameter. Installed in cylindrical grain bins they could be used to convert a batch-in-bin dryer to a continuous flow dryer. The analysis is an extension of the work of Jones and Kocher (1995) who designed and tested such an auger for containers of rectangular cross-section, and determined flow to be uniform for practical purposes. The analysis follows the same …

Corn Residue Cover On The Soil Surface After Planting For Various Tillage And Planting Systems, David P. Shelton, Elbert C. Dickey, Stephen D. Kachman, K.T. Fairbanks

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Crop residue left on the soil surface after planting is one of the most cost-effective soil erosion control practices, and is a primary component of the majority of conservation plan that have been developed to comply with the conservation provisions of the 1985 Food Security Act. However, from contacts in Extension meetings and demonstrations, it became apparent that formers frequently misunderstood certain aspects of crop residue management, particularly the effects that tillage and other operations had on residue cover. To help address some of these questions, we measured percent residue cover remaining on the soil surface after planting for 69 …

Solid Waste Disposal Site Characterization Using Non-Intrusive Electromagnetic Survey Techniques And Geostatistics, Gary N. Kuhn, Wayne E. Woldt, David D. Jones, Dennis D. Schulte

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Prior to the research reported in this paper, a site-specific hydrogeologic investigation was developed for a closed solid waste facility in Eastern Nebraska using phased subsurface characterizations. Based on the findings of this prior investigation, a surface based geoelectric survey using electromagnetic induction to measure subsurface conductivity was implemented to delineate the vertical and horizontal extent of buffed waste and subsurface contamination. This technique proved to be a key non-intrusive, cost-effective element in the refinement of the second phase of the hydrogeologic investigation.

Three-dimensional ordinary kriging was used to estimate conductivity values at unsampled locations. These estimates were utilized to …

Characterization Of Piezoceramic Crosses With Large Range Scanning Capability And Applications For Low Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, J. A. Helfrich, Shireen Adenwalla, J. B. Ketterson, G. A. Zhitomirsky

Shireen Adenwalla Papers

We have developed a large amplitude piezoceramic scanner which should have numerous applications. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and other scanning probe microscopies predominantly use piezoceramics for the scanning elements. Similarly adaptive optics, high resolution lithography, and micromanipulators are other examples of research which regularly utilize piezoceramic scanners. We present a new geometry for a piezoceramic scanner which allows for both high resolution (~nanometers) and large amplitude (~400 µm) displacements. The cross-shaped geometry makes it possible to produce extremely long pieces with very high tolerances. We have shown its effectiveness by using it as the major component of a low temperature …

Random Roughness Assessment By The Pin And Chain Method, John E. Gilley, E. R. Kottwitz

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Surface microrelief is frequently characterized using random roughness factors (RRF) defined by Allmaras et al. (1966). Random roughness factors are usually measured using a pin roughness meter or laser. Saleh (1993) recently proposed the chain method as a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive technique for characterizing surface microrelief. The chain method is based on the principle that as a chain of given length is placed across a surface, the horizontal distance covered by the chain will decrease as surface roughness increases. Reductions in chain length caused by surface roughness are described as Saleh roughness factors (SRF).
In this study, RRF …

United States Patent: Ellipsometer, John A. Woollam, Blaine D. Johs, David W. Doerr, Reed A. Christenson

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

To sense characteristics of a sample, an ellipsometer includes a pivotal diffraction grating positioned to receive white light from the analyzer without further focusing of the light after the light leaves the sample. The diffraction grating is focused on the sensor at a predetermined angle with a precision of at least plus or minus one-half degree using an alignment-sensing means positioned between the analyzer and diffraction grating. The sensor includes an aperture through which the incident beam of light is transmitted, light-sensitive areas on opposite sides of said sensor and a comparator for comparing the signal from said light-sensitive areas. …

Radiative Transfer Of Ultrasound, Joseph A. Turner, Richard L. Weaver

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

A radiative transfer equation is used to model the diffuse multiple scattering of ultrasound in a medium containing discrete random scatterers. An assumption of uncorrelated phases allows one to write an equation of energy balance for the diffuse intensity. This ultrasonic radiative transfer equation contains single-scattering and propagation parameters that are calculated using the elastic wave equation. Polarization effects are included through the introduction of an elastodynamic Stokes vector which contains a longitudinal Stokes parameter and four shear Stokes parameters similar to the four Stokes parameters used in optical radiative transfer theory. The theory is applied to a statistically homogeneous, …

Acuta Enews December 1994, Vol. 23, No. 12

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Radiative Transfer And Multiple Scattering Of Diffuse Ultrasound, Joseph A. Turner, Richard L. Weaver

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

A model is presented fro the multiply scattered incoherent field in a continuous polycrystalline elastic medium. Unlike a previous development based upon energy conservation considerations [J. A. Turner and R.L. Weaver, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 2312 (A) (1993)] for a medium containing discrete random scatterers, the present model has been developed from the wave equation and first principles. Appropriate ensemble averaging of the wave equation leads to Dyson and Bethe-Salpeter equations which govern the mean Green’s function and the covariance of the Green’s function, respectively. These equations are expanded for weak heterogeneity and equations of radiative transfer are obtained. …

Nmr And Nqr Study Of The Electronic And Structural Properties Of Al-Cu-Fe And Al-Cu-Ru Quasicrystals, A. Shastri, F. Borsa, D.R. Torgeson, Jeffrey E. Shield, A.I. Goldman

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

²⁷ Al and ^63.65Cu NMR measurements are reported for powder samples of stable Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru icosahedral quasicrystals and their crystalline approximants, and for an Al-Pd-Mn singlegrain quasicrystal. Furthermore, ²⁷Al NQR spectra at 4.2 K have been observed in the Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru samples. From the quadrupole-perturbed NMR spectra at different magnetic fields, and from the zero-field NQR spectra, a wide distribution of local electric-field gradient (EFG) tensor components and principal-axis-system orientations was found at the Al site. A model EFG calculation based on a 1/1 Al-Cu-Fe approximant was successful in explaining the observed NQR spectra. The average …

Expression Of A Functional Human Complement Inhibitor In A Transgenic Pig As A Model For The Prevention Of Xenogeneic Hyperacute Organ Rejection., William L. Fodor, Barry L. Williams, Louis A. Martis, Josaeph A. Madri, Scott A. Rollins, James W. Knight, William H. Velander, Stephen P. Squinto

Papers in Biotechnology

ABSTRACT The serious shortage of human organs available for transplantation has engendered a heightened interest in the use of animal organs (xenografts) for transplantation. However, the major barrier to successful discordant xenogeneic organ transplantation is the phenomenon of hyperacute rejection. Hyperacute rejection results from the deposition of high-titer preformed antibodies that activate serum complement on the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium, leading to vessel occlusion and graft failure within minutes to hours. Although endogenous membrane-associated complement inhibitors normally protect endothelial cells from autologous complement, they are species restricted and thus confer limited resistance to activated xenogeneic complement. To address …

Acuta Enews November 1994, Vol. 23, No. 11

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Acuta Enews October 1994, Vol. 23, No. 10

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Complex Index-Of-Refraction Measurements For Rp-1 Liquid Rocket Fuel, Dennis R. Alexander, Ramu Kaiwala, Robert D. Kubik, Scott A. Schaub

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Complex index-of-refraction values of RP-1 liquid rocket fuel are reported at laser wavelengths of 0.193 m (ArF excimer), 0.4765 m (argon ion), 0.488 im (argon ion), 0.5145 ji.m (argon ion), 0.532 m (Nd-YAG, frequency doubled), 0.6328 pm (He-Ne), 1 .064 im (Nd-YAG), and 10.5915 im (C02). The imaginary part of the index of refraction (k) is determined by traditional transmission methods. The real part (flr) at the specific laser lines is determined using reflectance measurements, critical-angle measurements, Mueller matrix elements, and Michelson interferometric measurements. Reflectance measurements are used to obtam n at a wavelength of 0.193 m. The critical-angle method …

Acuta Enews September 1994, Vol. 23, No. 9

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Acuta Enews August 1994, Vol. 23, No. 8

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Lignocellulosic And Cellulosic Beads For Affinity And Immunoaffinity Chromatography Of High Molecular Weight Protiens, William H. Velander

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

Improved cellulosic beads for use as supports in bioaffinity chromatography are produced by dissolution of cellulose in a chaotropic cellulose solvent, formation of the dissolved cellulose into droplets, and immersion of the droplets into a non-solvent capable of solvent interchange with the cellulose solvent to form generally spherical porous cellulose beads of narrow particle size distribution. The beads formed are preferably made with cellulose having a degree of polymerization between 100 and 200, and the resulting beads when saturated with water without drying contain between 1% and 7% cellulose by weight and have a particle size of at least about …

Acuta Enews July 1994, Vol. 23, No. 7

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High Shear Mixing Reactor For Glycerolysis, Hossein Noureddini

Papers in Biomaterials

lnrcreased ervironmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop aiternative fuels from renewable resources that are environmentally more acceptable. Esters of fatty acids (biodiesel), derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils, have properties similar to cornponents of petroleum based diesel fuel. Cost has been a major factor in slowing down the commercialization of biodiesel. In order to improve the economy of this process two factors were investigated in this study: 1) use of beef tallow as raw material and 2) by-product utilization.

Glycerol is the by-product of the esterification process. In this work the feasibility of the …

Acuta Enews June 1994, Vol. 23, No. 6

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