Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of An Existing Steel Post Alternative For The Thrie Beam Bullnose Guardrail System, Robert W. Bielenberg, Ronald K. Faller, John R. Rohde, John D. Reid

Mid-America Transportation Center: Final Reports and Technical Briefs

Recently, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) funded a research project through the Midwest States Regional Pooled Fund to evaluate an existing steel post alternative for the thrie beam bullnose barrier system previously developed at the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF). MnDOT had an interest in the replacement of the wooden breakaway posts used in the current bullnose system with proprietary breakaway steel posts. The research project consisted of evaluation of current breakaway steel post designs, investigation and selection of a candidate post design, and full-scale testing of the bullnose system with a steel post alternative. The full-scale testing was …

Quantitative Analysis Of Polycrystalline Electron Diffraction Patterns, Xingzhong Li

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Image processing and computer-assisted analysis are very important in electron microscopy/crystallography, e.g., computer programs have been well developed for image processing and simulation for high-resolution electron microscopy images, and are widely used in research. Unfortunately, few computer programs have been developed for analysis and processing electron diffraction ring patterns. Facing this situation, Labar [1] developed ProcessDiffraction, a computer program to process electron diffraction patterns from polycrystalline and amorphous samples, with an aim to provides good angular resolution, quantified intensities, and reproducible identification of discontinuous and/or faint rings. For phase identification, it is to compare the generated diffractogram to the X-ray …

Nebraska Summary: S628 John Deere 6230, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

A Biofilm Enhanced Miniature Microbial Fuel Cell Using Shewanella Oneidensis Dsp10 And Oxygen Reduction Cathodes, Justin C. Biffinger, Jeremy Pietron, Ricky Ray, Brenda J. Little, Bradley R. Ringeisen

United States Navy: Publications

Aminiature-microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC, chamber volume: 1.2 mL)was used to monitor biofilm development from a pure culture of Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 on graphite felt (GF) under minimal nutrient conditions. ESEM evidence of biofilm formation on GF is supported by substantial power density (per device cross-section) from the mini-MFC when using an acellular minimal media anolyte (1500mW/m²). These experiments demonstrate that power density per volume for a biofilm flow reactor MFC should be calculated using the anode chamber volume alone (250 W/m³), rather than with the full anolyte volume. Two oxygen reduction cathodes (uncoated GF or a …

Electrical Control Of The Thermodiffusive Instability In Premixed Propane–Air Flames, D. L. Wisman, S. D. Marcum, B. N. Ganguly

United States Air Force: Publications

This work focuses upon the effects of DC electric fields on the stability of downward propagating atmospheric pressure premixed propane–air flames under experimental conditions that provide close coupling of the electric field to the flame. With the appropriate electrode geometry, modest applied voltages are shown to drive a stable conical flame first into a wrinkled-laminar flamelet geometry, and then further toward either a highly unstable distributed flamelet regime or a collective oscillation of the flame front. Applied potentials up through +5 kV over a 40-mm gap encompassing the flame front have been used to force the above transition sequence in …

Nebraska Summary: S647 Agco Rt155a, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Remediation Of Rdx- And Hmx-Contaminated Groundwater Using Organic Mulch Permeable Reactive Barriers, Farrukh Ahmad, Stephen P. Schnitker, Charles J. Newell

United States Army: Publications

Organic mulch is a complex organic material that is typically populated with its own consortium of microorganisms. The organisms in mulch breakdown complex organics to soluble carbon, which can then be used by these and other microorganisms as an electron donor for treating RDX and HMX via reductive pathways. A bench-scale treatability study with organic mulch was conducted for the treatment of RDX- and HMX-contaminated groundwater obtained from a plume at the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Pueblo, Colorado. The site-specific cleanup criteria of 0.55 ppb RDX and 602 ppb HMX were used as the logical goals of the study. …

Weak Base Dispiro-1,2,4-Trioxolanes: Potent Antimalarial Ozonides, Yuanqing Tang, Yuxiang Dong, Sergio Wittlin, Susan A. Charman, Jacques Chollet, Francis C. K. Chiu, William N. Charman, Hugues Matile, Heinrich Urwyler, Arnulf Dorn, Saroj Bajpai, Xiaofang Wang, Maniyan Padmanilayam, Jean M. Karle, Reto Brun, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom

United States Army: Publications

Thirty weak base 1,2,4-dispiro trioxolanes (secondary ozonides) were synthesized. Amino amide trioxolanes had the best combination of antimalarial and biopharmaceutical properties. Guanidine, aminoxy, and amino acid trioxolanes had poor antimalarial activity. Lipophilic trioxolanes were less stable metabolically than their more polar counterparts.

Synthesis And Antimalarial Activity Of New Isotebuquine Analogues, Olga V. Miroshnikova, Thomas H. Hudson, Lucia Gerena, Dennis E. Kyle, Ai J. Lin

United States Army: Publications

Amodiaquine (AQ) and tebuquine are 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials with Mannich base side chain and are highly effective against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Clinical use of AQ has been severely restricted due to hepatoxicity and agranulocytosis side effects associated with its long term use. Lysosomal accumulation and bioactivation to generate reactive quinoneimine metabolite are implicated to be the cause of the observed AQ toxicities. To avoid the quinoneimine formation and thus the toxicity, a series of isotebuquine analogues and their N^ω-oxides with hydroxy group meta to the amino rather than in para position of the aniline moiety …

Report To Dot/Phmsa Steering Committee On Collaborative Demonstration Of Guided Wave Ultrasonics, Daphne D'Zurko

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

NYSEARCH/NGA and DOT/PHMSA have an existing R & D contract, DTRS56-05-T-0002, in place to enhance and validate the TWI/FBS Teletest™ Long Range Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing System. During 2006, the second year of this contract, several controlled tests were performed at the NYSEARCH/NGA test bed and several are also being done on live jobs at NYSEARCH member companies. Through this process, NYSEARCH has amassed the experience and facilities to test and evaluate various guided wave systems.

At the request of DOT/PHMSA, in June 2006, a task was added to the R & D contract, to conduct a collaborative demonstration of …

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, April 2007

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Missouri River Region Mountain Snowpack Report

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 5 MAR 2007 through 26 MAR 2007

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, July 2007

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Missouri River Region Mountain Snowpack Report

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 4 JUNE 2007 through 25 JUNE 2007

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, March 2007

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Missouri River Region Mountain Snowpack Report

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 5 FEB 2007 through 26 FEB 2007

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Omaha District Monthly Drought Report, September 2007

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Current Conditions

Drought Outlook

Ft. Peck, Montana

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Garrison, North Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Boat Ramp Information

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Other Areas of Interest/Concern

Oahe, South Dakota

Reservoir Elevation Overview

Water Intake Overview

Access Overview

Noxious Weeds Overview

Cultural Resources Overview

Mainstem Reservoir Information, Weekly Elevation Comparison 6 AUGUST 2007 through 27 AUGUST 2007

Mainstem Reservoir Storage Comparison Water Years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007

Ft. Peck, MT

Garrison, ND

Oahe, SD

Army Research Needs For Automated Neuropsychological Tests: Monitoring Soldier Health And Performance Status, Karl E. Friedl, Stephen J. Grate, Susan P. Proctor, James W. Ness, Brian J. Lukey, Robert L. Kane

United States Army: Publications

Information on the mental status of soldiers operating at the limits of human tolerance will be vital to their management in future deployments; it may also allow earlier intervention for conditions such as undiagnosed Gulf War illnesses and Parkinson’s Disease. The Army needs a parsimonious set of neuropsychological tests that reliably identify subtle changes for: (1) early detection of individual health and military performance impairments and (2) management of occupational and deployment health risks. Testing must characterize cognitive lapses in healthy individuals faced with relevant operational stressors (i.e., anxiety, information overload, thermal strain, hypoxia, fatigue, head impact, chemical or radiation …

Thermally Driven Assembly Of Nanoparticles In Polymer Matrices, Philip J. Costanzo, Frederick L. Beyer

United States Army: Publications

Thermally responsive bulk polymer films utilizing reversible Diels-Alder chemistry have been developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were passivated with thiol-terminated poly(styrene)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-b-PEG) copolymer ligand, where the PS and PEG blocks are joined via a Diels-Alder (DA) linkage. The ligand-functionalized nanoparticles were dispersed within a microphase-separated PS-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer. Nanoparticle location was dictated by the compatibility of the external shell with the block copolymer matrix. As cast, the PEG shell compatibilized the nanoparticles with the PMMA domains. Subsequent thermal treatment caused the Diels-Alder linkages between the polymer blocks to dissociate, leaving the AuNPs functionalized by PS ligands. Immiscibility within …

Improved Formulation Of A Recombinant Ricin A-Chain Vaccine Iincreases Its Stability And Effective Antigenicity, John H. Carra, Robert W. Wannemacher, Ralph F. Tammariello, Changhong Y. Lindsey, Richard E. Dinterman, Rowena D. Schokman, Leonard A. Smith

United States Army: Publications

Ricin is a potent toxin associated with bioterrorism for which no vaccine or specific countermeasures are currently available. A stable, non-toxic and immunogenic recombinant ricin A-chain vaccine (RTA 1-33/44-198) has been developed by protein engineering. We identified optimal formulation conditions for this vaccine under which it remained stable and potent in storage for up to 18 months, and resisted multiple rounds of freeze–thawing without stabilizing co-solvents. Reformulation from phosphate buffer to succinate buffer increased adherence of the protein to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant from 15 to 91%, with a concomitant increase of nearly threefold in effective antigenicity in a mouse model. …

A Refined Pharmacophore Identifies Potent 4-Amino-7-Chloroquinoline-Based Inhibitors Of The Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Metalloprotease, James C. Burnett, Dejan Opsenica, Kamaraj Sriraghavan, Rekha G. Panchal, Gordon Ruthel, Ann R. Hermone, Tam L. Nguyen, Tara A. Kenny, Douglas J. Lane, Connor F. Mcgrath, James J. Schmidt, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Rick Gussio, Bogdan A. Solaja, Sina Bavari

United States Army: Publications

We previously identified structurally diverse small molecule (non-peptidic) inhibitors (SMNPIs) of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) light chain (LC). Of these, several (including antimalarial drugs) contained a 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline (ACQ) substructure and a separate positive ionizable amine component. The same antimalarials have also been found to interfere with BoNT/A translocation into neurons, via pH elevation of the toxin-mediated endosome. Thus, this structural class of small molecules may serve as dual-function BoNT/A inhibitors. In this study, we used a refined pharmacophore for BoNT/A LC inhibition to identify four new, potent inhibitors of this structural class (IC50’s ranged from 3.2 to 17 …

Phase I Dose Escalation Safety And Immunogenicity Trial Of Plasmodium Falciparum Apical Membrane Protein (Ama-1) Fmp2.1, Adjuvanted With As02a, In Malaria-Naive Adults At The Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research, Mark E. Polhemus, Alan J. Magill, James F. Cummings, Kent E. Kester, Chris F. Ockenhouse, David E. Lanar, Sheetij Dutta, Arnoldo Barbosa, Lorraine Soisson, Carter L. Diggs, Sally A. Robinson, John D. Haynes, V. Ann Stewart, Lisa A. Ware, Clara Brando, Urszula Krzych, Robert A. Bowden, Joe D. Cohen, Marie-Claude Dubois, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Els De-Kock, W. Ripley Ballou, D. Gray Heppner Jr.

United States Army: Publications

We report the first safety and immunogenicity trial of the Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate FMP2.1/AS02A, a recombinant E. coli-expressed protein based upon the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of the 3D7 clone formulated with the AS02A adjuvant. We conducted an open-label, staggered-start, dose-escalating Phase I trial in 23 malaria-naıve volunteers who received 8, 20 or 40 _g of FMP2.1 in a fixed volume of 0.5mL of AS02A on a 0, 1, and 2 month schedule. Nineteen of 23 volunteers received all three scheduled immunizations. The most frequent solicited local and systemic adverse events associated with immunization were injection site pain (68%) …

An In Vitro Comparative Study On The Reactivation Of Nerve Agent-Inhibited Guinea Pig And Human Acetylcholinesterases By Oximes, Chunyuan Luo, Min Tong, Nageswararao Chilukuri, Karen Brecht, Donald M. Maxwell, Ashima Saxena

United States Army: Publications

The reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by oxime is the most important step in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning. Since the evaluation of nerve agent antidotes cannot be conducted in humans, results from animal experiments are extrapolated to humans. Guinea pig is one of the animal models that is frequently used for conducting nerve agent antidote evaluations. Several investigations have demonstrated that the efficacy of an oxime primarily depends on its ability to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited AChE. If the in Vitro oxime reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited animal AChE is similar to that of human AChE, it is likely …

United States Air Force Posture Statement 2007, U.S. Air Force

United States Air Force: Publications

Our 2007 Posture Statement articulates the major elements required to fulfill our mission. It reaffirms our commitment to focus our energies on the Global War on Terror; to develop and care for our Airmen and their families; and to recapitalize and modernize our aging aircraft, spacecraft and equipment.

The Complete Management Of Extremity Vascular Injury In A Local Population: A Wartime Report From The 332nd Expeditionary Medical Group/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base, Iraq, Michael A. Peck, W. Darrin Clouse, Mitchell W. Cox, Andrew N. Bowser, Jonathan L. Eliason, Donald H. Jenkins, David L. Smith, Todd E. Rasmussen

United States Air Force: Publications

Background: Although the management of vascular injury in coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom has been described, there are no reports on the in-theater treatment of wartime vascular injury in the local population. This study reports the complete management of extremity vascular injury in a local wartime population and illustrates the unique aspects of this cohort and management strategy.

Methods: From September 1, 2004, to August 31, 2006, all vascular injuries treated at the Air Force Theater Hospital (AFTH) in Balad, Iraq, were registered. Those in non-coalition troops were identified and retrospectively reviewed.

Results: During the study …

Impact Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies On U.S. Military Operations At Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 3. Evaluation Of Surveillance Devices For The Collection Of Adult Sand Flies, Douglas A. Burkett, Ronald Knight, James A. Dennett, Van Sherwood, Edgar Rowton, Russell E. Coleman

United States Air Force: Publications

We evaluated the effectiveness of commercially available light traps and sticky traps baited with chemical light sticks for the collection of phlebotomine sand flies. Evaluations were conducted at Tallil Air Base, Iraq, in 2003. In an initial study, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-style trap with UV bulb collected significantly more sand flies than did an up-draft CDC trap, a standard down-draft CDC trap (STD-CDC), or a sticky strap with a green chemical light stick. In a subsequent study, we found that the addition of chemical light sticks to sticky traps resulted in a significant increase in the …

Improved Hole-Injection Contact For Top-Emitting Polymeric Diodes, Juo-Hao Li, Jinsong Huang, Yang Yang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this letter, an efficient hole-injection contact was achieved for the top-emitting polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). The anode has a structure of metal/molybdenum oxide/ poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). It has been found that hole injection was significantly improved by inserting a thin layer of MoO₃ between aluminum and PEDOT:PSS. An ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was used to investigate the change of work function, and photovoltaic measurement confirmed that the improved hole injection is due to the reduction of barrier height, resulted from the addition of transition metal oxide. PEDOT:PSS layer was found necessary in anode structure to further enhance the …

Ferroelectric Properties Of Langmuir-Blodgett Copolymer Films At The Nanoscale, A. Tolstousov, R. V. Gaynutdinov, R. Tadros-Morgane, Herbert Kliem, Stephen Ducharme, Vladimir M. Fridkin

Stephen Ducharme Publications

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are well known structures prepared as a result of successive transfer of monolayers (ML) from the gas-liquid interface onto solid substrates. One impressive possibility of LB method is the opportunity to vary the thickness of the film to an accuracy of one transfer, which could coincide with one ML. The ferroelectric properties of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluorethylene P[VDF-TrFE] prepared by LB deposition are investigated in the region of a few monolayers.

Oxygenated Interface On Biomass Burn Tar Balls Determined By Single Particle Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy, Alexei V. Tivanski, Rebecca J. Hopkins, Tolek Tyliszczak, Mary K. Gilles

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Carbonaceous particles originating from biomass burning can account for a large fraction of organic aerosols in a local environment. Presently, their composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as their environmental effects are largely unknown. Tar balls, a distinct type of highly spherical carbonaceous biomass burn particles, have been observed in a number of field campaigns. The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study that took place in summer 2002 occurred during an active fire season in the western United States; tar balls collected during this field campaign are described in this article. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure …

Controlled Covalent Functionalization Of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Of Benzocyclobutenes, Georgios Sakellariou, Haining Ji, Jimmy W. Mays, Nikos Hadjichristidis, Durairaj Baskaran

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through covalent functionalization is vital for the development of high-performance composite materials, chemosensors, nanoelectronics, photovoltaic devices, as well as for a range of biomedical applications. Several methods have been developed to functionalize CNTs. The introduction of acid groups by acid digestion disrupts the structural integrity of CNTs. Apart from shortening the tubes, oxidatively generated acid groups are inhomogenously located at the tips of broken CNTs and, hence, functionalization using acid groups as precursors does not give a statistical distribution of functional groups throughout the surface of the CNTs.

Controlled Covalent Functionalization Of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Of Benzocyclobutenes, Georgios Sakellariou, Haining Ji, Jimmy W. Mays, Nikos Hadjichristidis, Durairaj Baskaran

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through covalent functionalization is vital for the development of high-performance composite materials, chemosensors, nanoelectronics, photovoltaic devices, as well as for a range of biomedical applications. Several methods have been developed to functionalize CNTs. The introduction of acid groups by acid digestion disrupts the structural integrity of CNTs. Apart from shortening the tubes, oxidatively generated acid groups are inhomogenously located at the tips of broken CNTs and, hence, functionalization using acid groups as precursors does not give a statistical distribution of functional groups throughout the surface of the CNTs.

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Characterization Of Primary Amine End-Functionalized Polystyrene And Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Synthesized By Living Anionic Polymerization Techniques, Haining Ji, Georgios Sakellariou, Jimmy W. Mays

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The reaction of living anionic polymers with 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-(3-bromopropyl)-1-aza-2,5- disilacyclopentane (1) was investigated using coupled thin layer chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Structures of byproducts as well as the major product were determined. The anionic initiator having a protected primary amine functional group, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl- 1-(3-lithiopropyl)-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane (2), was synthesized using all-glass high-vacuum techniques, which allows the long-term stability of this initiator to be maintained. The use of 2 in the preparation of well-defined aliphatic primary amine R-end-functionalized polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated. Primary amino R-end-functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) can be obtained near-quantitatively by reacting 2 with 1,1-diphenylethylene in tetrahydrofuran …

Peridynamic States And Constitutive Modeling, S. A. Silling, M. Epton, O. Weckner, J. Xu, E. Askari

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A generalization of the original peridynamic framework for solid mechanics is proposed. This generalization permits the response of a material at a point to depend collectively on the deformation of all bonds connected to the point. This extends the types of material response that can be reproduced by peridynamic theory to include an explicit dependence on such collectively determined quantities as volume change or shear angle. To accomplish this generalization, a mathematical object called a deformation state is defined, a function that maps any bond onto its image under the deformation. A similar object called a force state is defined, …