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Articles 3211 - 3240 of 6329

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

High Temperature Thermoreflectance Imaging And Transient Harman Characterization Of Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Devices, T. Favaloro, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, Je-Hyeong Bahk, P. Burke, H. Lu, J. Bowers, A. Gossard, Z. Bian, Ali Shakouri Jul 2014

High Temperature Thermoreflectance Imaging And Transient Harman Characterization Of Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Devices, T. Favaloro, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, Je-Hyeong Bahk, P. Burke, H. Lu, J. Bowers, A. Gossard, Z. Bian, Ali Shakouri

Birck and NCN Publications

Advances in thin film growth technology have enabled the selective engineering of material properties to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit and thus the efficiency of energy conversion devices. Precise characterization at the operational temperature of novel thermoelectric materials is crucial to evaluate their performance and optimize their behavior. However, measurements on thin film devices are subject to complications from the growth substrate, non-ideal contacts, and other thermal and electrical parasitic effects. In this manuscript, we determine the cross-plane thermoelectric material properties in a single measurement of a 25 mu m InGaAs thin film with embedded ErAs (0.2%) nanoparticles using …

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Tunable Landau-Zener Transitions In A Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate, Abraham J. Olson, Su-Ju Wang, Robert J. Niffenegger, Chuan-Hsun Li, Chris H. Greene, Yong P. Chen Jul 2014

Tunable Landau-Zener Transitions In A Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate, Abraham J. Olson, Su-Ju Wang, Robert J. Niffenegger, Chuan-Hsun Li, Chris H. Greene, Yong P. Chen

Birck and NCN Publications

The Landau-Zener (LZ) transition is one of the most fundamental phenomena in quantum dynamics. It describes nonadiabatic transitions between quantum states near an avoided crossing that can occur in diverse physical systems. Here we report experimental measurements and tuning of LZ transitions between the dressed eigenlevels of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) that is synthetically spin-orbit (SO) coupled. We measure the transition probability as the BEC is accelerated through the SO avoided crossing and study its dependence on the coupling between the diabatic (bare) states, eigenlevel slope, and eigenstate velocity-the three parameters of the LZ model that are independently controlled in …

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Self-Assembled Tunable Photonic Hyper-Crystals, Vera N. Smolyaninova, Bradley Yost, David Lhneman, Evgenii Narimanov, Igor I. Smolyaninov Jul 2014

Self-Assembled Tunable Photonic Hyper-Crystals, Vera N. Smolyaninova, Bradley Yost, David Lhneman, Evgenii Narimanov, Igor I. Smolyaninov

Birck and NCN Publications

We demonstrate a novel artificial optical material, the "photonic hyper-crystal'', which combines the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals. Similar to hyperbolic metamaterials, photonic hyper-crystals exhibit broadband divergence in their photonic density of states due to the lack of usual diffraction limit on the photon wave vector. On the other hand, similar to photonic crystals, hyperbolic dispersion law of extraordinary photons is modulated by forbidden gaps near the boundaries of photonic Brillouin zones. Three dimensional self-assembly of photonic hyper-crystals has been achieved by application of external magnetic field to a cobalt nanoparticle-based ferrofluid. Unique spectral properties of …

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Impact Of Short-Range Scattering On The Metallic Transport Of Strongly Correlated Two-Dimensional Holes In Gaas Quantum Wells, Nicholas J. Goble, J. D. Watson, Michael J. Manfra, Xuan P.A. Gao Jul 2014

Impact Of Short-Range Scattering On The Metallic Transport Of Strongly Correlated Two-Dimensional Holes In Gaas Quantum Wells, Nicholas J. Goble, J. D. Watson, Michael J. Manfra, Xuan P.A. Gao

Birck and NCN Publications

Understanding the nonmonotonic behavior in the temperature dependent resistance R(T) of strongly correlated two-dimensional (2D) carriers in clean semiconductors has been a central issue in the studies of 2D metallic states and metal-insulator transitions. We have studied the transport of high mobility 2D holes in 20-nm-wide GaAs quantum wells with varying short-range disorder strength by changing the Al fraction x in the AlxGa1-xAs barrier. Via varying the short-range interface roughness and alloy scattering, it is observed that increasing x suppresses both the strength and characteristic temperature scale of the 2D metallicity, pointing to the distinct role of short-range vs long-range …

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Impact Of Short-Range Scattering On The Metallic Transport Of Strongly Correlated Two-Dimensional Holes In Gaas Quantum Wells, Nicholas J. Goble, John D. Watson, Michael J. Manfra, Xuan P.A. Gao Jul 2014

Impact Of Short-Range Scattering On The Metallic Transport Of Strongly Correlated Two-Dimensional Holes In Gaas Quantum Wells, Nicholas J. Goble, John D. Watson, Michael J. Manfra, Xuan P.A. Gao

Birck and NCN Publications

Understanding the nonmonotonic behavior in the temperature dependent resistance R(T) of strongly correlated two-dimensional (2D) carriers in clean semiconductors has been a central issue in the studies of 2D metallic states and metal-insulator transitions. We have studied the transport of high mobility 2D holes in 20-nm-wide GaAs quantum wells with varying short-range disorder strength by changing the Al fraction x in the AlxGa1-xAs barrier. Via varying the short-range interface roughness and alloy scattering, it is observed that increasing x suppresses both the strength and characteristic temperature scale of the 2D metallicity, pointing to the distinct role of short-range vs long-range …

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Coastal Defenses, U.S., Bert Chapman Jul 2014

Coastal Defenses, U.S., Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Provides an overview of U.S. military coastal defenses during the period up to and including the War 1812.

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Photonic-Band-Gap Engineering For Volume Plasmon Polaritons In Multiscale Multilayer Hyperbolic Metamaterials, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Alexey A. Orlov, Viktoriia E. Babicheva, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, J. E. Sipe Jul 2014

Photonic-Band-Gap Engineering For Volume Plasmon Polaritons In Multiscale Multilayer Hyperbolic Metamaterials, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Alexey A. Orlov, Viktoriia E. Babicheva, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, J. E. Sipe

Birck and NCN Publications

We study theoretically the propagation of large-wave-vector waves (volume plasmon polaritons) in multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials with two levels of structuring. We show that when the parameters of a subwavelength metal-dielectric multilayer (substructure) are modulated (superstructured) on a larger, wavelength scale, the propagation of volume plasmon polaritons in the resulting multiscale hyperbolic metamaterials is subject to photonic-band-gap phenomena. A great degree of control over such plasmons can be exerted by varying the superstructure geometry. When this geometry is periodic, stop bands due to Bragg reflection form within the volume plasmonic band. When a cavity layer is introduced in an otherwise periodic …

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Study Of A Generalized Empirical Model For Predicting Pressure Drop For Internal Flows, Tejas Anup Pant Jul 2014

Study Of A Generalized Empirical Model For Predicting Pressure Drop For Internal Flows, Tejas Anup Pant

Open Access Theses

A generalized empirical model for estimating the pressure drop across a channel for a given massflow rate is studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It is observed that for developing laminar and turbulent flow through channels and pipes of arbitrary cross-section, the variation in the pressure drop between any two points in the flow direction with massflow rate can be well approximated by a second degree expression in massflow rate which is referred to as the empirical model in this study. In the first part of this study, a correlation between the pressure gradient and the massflow rate is …

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Sustainable Development Of Biogas Resources In East Africa Using Transdisciplinary Design Models, Christopher M. Limiac Jul 2014

Sustainable Development Of Biogas Resources In East Africa Using Transdisciplinary Design Models, Christopher M. Limiac

Open Access Theses

Installation of anaerobic digestion systems in urban developing communities has the potential to address multiple problems related to energy and sanitation in a combined systems approach. Anaerobic digesters are used to generate a relatively clean and rich source of energy in the form of biogas to address energy poverty issues. The design resources available for anaerobic digestion projects must be improved to provide greater technical support and project transparency. In order to develop holistic solutions to grand challenges like energy poverty, engineers must be prepared to operate with the complexities of diverse environments. Globalization and the improvement of transdisciplinary project …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Bulk Metallic Glasses Prepared By Laser Direct Deposition, Xiaoyang Ye Jul 2014

Synthesis And Characterization Of Bulk Metallic Glasses Prepared By Laser Direct Deposition, Xiaoyang Ye

Open Access Theses

Fe-based and Zr-based metallic glasses have attracted extensive interest for structural applications due to their excellent glass forming ability, superior mechanical properties, unique thermal and corrosion properties. In this study, the feasibility of synthesizing metallic glasses with good ductility by laser direct deposition is explored. Both in-situ synthesis with elemental powder mixture and ex-situ synthesis with prealloyed powder are discussed. Microstructure and properties of laser direct deposited metallic glass composites are analyzed.^ Synthesis of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-Mn-C-Si-B metallic glass composite with a large fraction of amorphous phase was accomplished using laser direct deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed …

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Fundamental Studies On Copper Zeolites For Catalytic No X Abatement, Anuj Arun Verma Jul 2014

Fundamental Studies On Copper Zeolites For Catalytic No X Abatement, Anuj Arun Verma

Open Access Dissertations

Stringent regulations in mobile NOx emissions have resulted in the development of Standard Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) as the dominant NOx abatement technology in lean burn diesel engines. Standard SCR is a reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with ammonia (NH3), in the presence of oxygen (O 2) to form nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). Copper containing zeolites show commercially viable SCR performance. Cu-SSZ-13 (CHA framework), a member of this family, is a preferred catalyst for SCR applications because it shows exceptional hydrothermal stability in addition to commercially viable SCR performance. Our work focuses …

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Investigation Of The Influence Of Gravitational Body Force Effects On Critical Heat Flux For Flow Boiling With Subcooled And Two-Phase Inlet, Christopher Alan Konishi Jul 2014

Investigation Of The Influence Of Gravitational Body Force Effects On Critical Heat Flux For Flow Boiling With Subcooled And Two-Phase Inlet, Christopher Alan Konishi

Open Access Dissertations

Space agencies worldwide are being confronted with the challenges of more distant manned space missions, which will demand greater energy efficiency and reduced weight and volume. One method being considered to reduce the weight and volume is to replace present single-phase Thermal Control Systems (TCSs) with ones that rely on flow boiling and condensation. This transition will require a thorough understanding of the influence of reduced gravity on flow boiling and condensation, and the development of predictive tools for both. The primary purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact gravitational body force effects have on flow boiling …

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Development Of A Real Time Bistatic Radar Receiver Using Signals Of Opportunity, Nicholas Rainville Jul 2014

Development Of A Real Time Bistatic Radar Receiver Using Signals Of Opportunity, Nicholas Rainville

Open Access Theses

Passive bistatic radar remote sensing offers a novel method of monitoring the Earth's surface by observing reflected signals of opportunity. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used as a source of signals for these observations and the scattering properties of GPS signals from rough surfaces are well understood. Recent work has extended GPS signal reflection observations and scattering models to include communications signals such as XM radio signals. However the communication signal reflectometry experiments to date have relied on collecting raw, high data-rate signals which are then post-processed after the end of the experiment. This thesis describes the development …

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A Fesability Analysis Of A Novel Constructed Wetland Design Tool For Arusha, Tanzania, Michael R. Sheehan Jul 2014

A Fesability Analysis Of A Novel Constructed Wetland Design Tool For Arusha, Tanzania, Michael R. Sheehan

Open Access Theses

While water is a resource necessary for all life, in Tanzania alone over 20 million people who live in rural areas have no access to improved water sources. Water stress is a major concern in rural Tanzania, where annual potential evaporation can outpace precipitation by hundreds of mm per year. There is a significant need for improved access to water sources for Tanzanians living in rural regions of Arusha. To improve access to water, both water quantity and quality need to be addressed in a treatment system. Various water collection and treatment systems were compared and contrasted through the lens …

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Hydrologic Impacts Due To Land Cover Change In The Yellowwood Lake Watershed, Emily Maria Stewart Jul 2014

Hydrologic Impacts Due To Land Cover Change In The Yellowwood Lake Watershed, Emily Maria Stewart

Open Access Theses

The Yellowwood Lake watershed in Southern Indiana has experienced land cover change due to forest harvest throughout the last century. A group of local stakeholders have identified sedimentation into the lake and surface erosion as major concerns for the watershed. The main objective of this study is to better understand how forest harvest methods applied within the watershed effect hydrologic and soil erosion processes. Such knowledge is required to develop a more comprehensive plan to protect the watershed. ^ The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) was used for this analysis. This is a physically based, distributed hydrology model that simulates the …

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A Small-Scale Experiment Using Microwave Interferometry To Investigate Detonation And Shock-To-Detonation Transition In Pressed Tatb, Peter John Renslow Jul 2014

A Small-Scale Experiment Using Microwave Interferometry To Investigate Detonation And Shock-To-Detonation Transition In Pressed Tatb, Peter John Renslow

Open Access Theses

A small-scale characterization test utilizing microwave interferometry was developed to dynamically measure detonation and run to detonation distance in explosives. The technique was demonstrated by conducting two experimental series on the well-characterized explosive triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB). In the first experiment series, the detonation velocity was observed at varying porosity. The velocity during TATB detonation matched well with predictions made using CHEETAH and an empirical relation from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The microwave interferometer also captured unsteady propagation of the reaction when a low density charge was near the failure diameter. In the second experiment series, Pop-plots were produced using …

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Light Off Temperature Based Approach To Determine Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Effectiveness Level And The Corresponding Outlet No And No2 Characteristics, Prateek Tayal Jul 2014

Light Off Temperature Based Approach To Determine Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Effectiveness Level And The Corresponding Outlet No And No2 Characteristics, Prateek Tayal

Open Access Theses

According to the latest EPA emission regulations, the NOx (Nitrogen oxide compounds) emissions from heavy duty compression ignition engines need to see a dramatic reduction. The current technology used for this purpose is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, which achieves NOx reduction of around 90% [9]. This involves urea injection which is influenced by the NO: NO2 ratio at the inlet to the SCR. Thus, the role of the DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) where most of the oxidation of the NOx compounds takes place, comes to fore. The focus is also on the effectiveness of …

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A Framework Of Effective Debris Management For A Resilient Community, Jooho Kim Jul 2014

A Framework Of Effective Debris Management For A Resilient Community, Jooho Kim

Open Access Theses

Natural disasters have an enormous physical impact on communities and generate a huge volume of debris. The amount of debris is almost five to ten times higher than the annual solid waste volume in a community, and slow debris removal can hinder both emergency response and proceeding with the tasks of recovery. The cost of debris management also can reach more than 27% of the total disaster recovery costs. Therefore, debris management teams have considerable challenges in removing disaster debris. ^ This thesis introduces a framework for an effective debris management plan based on the interrelationship between critical infrastructure systems …

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Experimental Study Of Unsteady Heat Release In An Unstable Single Element Lean Direct Injection (Ldi) Gas Turbine Combustor, Varun S. Lakshmanan Jul 2014

Experimental Study Of Unsteady Heat Release In An Unstable Single Element Lean Direct Injection (Ldi) Gas Turbine Combustor, Varun S. Lakshmanan

Open Access Theses

In an effort to curb emissions from gas turbine engines, many low emission engine concepts have been developed. Among the most promising of these is the LDI (Lean Direct Injection). These systems operate at relatively low equivalence ratios close to blowout and are prone to instabilities. Combustion instabilities can reduce the life of the combustor by causing large pressure fluctuations and enhanced heat release to the walls of the combustor and reduce the efficiency of the engines. The understanding of combustion instabilities is vital to the implementation of such systems. Combustion instabilities are studied in an self-excited single element gas …

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Physical And Chemical Attributes Of A Genetically Modified Fruit Pectin, Carl Patrick Littrell Jul 2014

Physical And Chemical Attributes Of A Genetically Modified Fruit Pectin, Carl Patrick Littrell

Open Access Theses

Pectin is an important polymer used in the food industry as a thickening and gelling agent. Though pectin is ubiquitous in plants, chemical and structural differences among pectin molecules prevent most from being viable for industrial use. Enzymes found naturally in fruit cell walls during the ripening process impair many desirable attributes of fruit pectins, rendering them unsuitable for industrial applications. Pectin methylesterase (PME) is one such enzyme whose expression can be altered during ripening through the use of recombinant genetic engineering. Reduction in levels of PME results in increased degree of methylation and molecular size of pectin, greatly increasing …

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Weld Pool And Keyhole Dynamic Analysis Based On Visual System And Neural Network During Laser Keyhole Welding, Masiyang Luo Jul 2014

Weld Pool And Keyhole Dynamic Analysis Based On Visual System And Neural Network During Laser Keyhole Welding, Masiyang Luo

Open Access Theses

In keyhole fiber laser welding processes, the weld pool behavior and keyhole dynamics are essential to determining welding quality. To observe and control the welding process, the accurate extraction of the weld pool boundary as well as the width is required. In addition, because of the cause-and-effect relationship between the welding defects and stability of the keyhole, which is primarily determined by keyhole geometry during the welding process, the stability of keyhole needs to be considered as well.^ The first part of this thesis presents a weld pool edge detection technique based on an off axial green illumination laser and …

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Assessment Of Noise Metrics For Application To Rotorcraft, Andrew L. Mcmullen Jul 2014

Assessment Of Noise Metrics For Application To Rotorcraft, Andrew L. Mcmullen

Open Access Theses

It is anticipated that the use of rotorcraft passenger vehicles for shorter journeys will increase because their use can reduce the time between boarding and take-off. The characteristics of rotorcraft noise are very different to that of fixed wing aircraft. There can be strong tonal components, fluctuations that can also make the noise sound impulsive, and future rotorcraft may produce proportionally more low frequency noise content. Most metrics that are used today to predict noise impact on communities around airports (e.g., Ldn) are just functions of A-weighted sound pressure level. To build a better noise annoyance model that …

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Nickel Aluminum Shape Memory Alloys Via Molecular Dynamics, Keith Ryan Morrison Jul 2014

Nickel Aluminum Shape Memory Alloys Via Molecular Dynamics, Keith Ryan Morrison

Open Access Theses

Shape memory materials are an important class of active materials with a wide range of applications in the aerospace, biomedical, and automobile industries. These materials exhibit the two unique properties of shape memory and superelasticity. Shape memory is the ability to recover its original shape by applying heat after undergoing large deformations. Superelasticity is the ability to undergo large, reversible deformations (up to 10%) that revert back when the load is removed. These special properties originate from a reversible, diffusionless solid-solid phase transformation that occurs between a high temperature austenite phase and a low temperature martensite phase. The development of …

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Preparation & Characterization Of High Purity Cu2 Znsn(Sxse1-X)4 Nanoparticles, Bethlehem G. Negash Jul 2014

Preparation & Characterization Of High Purity Cu2 Znsn(Sxse1-X)4 Nanoparticles, Bethlehem G. Negash

Open Access Theses

Research in thin film solar cells applies novel techniques to synthesize cost effective and highly efficient absorber materials in order to generate electricity directly from solar energy. Of these materials, copper zinc tin sulfoselenide (Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x) 4) nanoparticles have shown great promise in solar cell applications due to optimal material properties as well as low cost & relative abundance of materials.1,2 Sulfoselenide nanoparticles have also a broader impact in other industries including electronics3, LED 4, and biomedical research5. Of the many routes of manufacturing these class of semiconductors, …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Crystalline Iron Nanoparticles From Zerovalent Iron Sandwich Complexes, Anh Tue Nguyen Jul 2014

Synthesis And Characterization Of Crystalline Iron Nanoparticles From Zerovalent Iron Sandwich Complexes, Anh Tue Nguyen

Open Access Theses

In this project we present a systematic study on the synthesis of crystalline iron nanocubes by thermal decomposition of an iron sandwich complex, ( π-C5H5)Fe0(π-C 6H7), in the presence of oleylamine and oleylamine.HCl as surfactants and n-decane as a solvent. The presence of oleylamine.HCl is essential for the reproducible formation of crystalline iron cores.^ Reaction parameters such as temperature, surfactant concentration, effect of counterion, and organoiron reagent structure were investigated in order to obtain iron nanoparticles with uniform size and shape. The nanoparticles, which were characterized by …

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Comparative Lca Of Stand-Alone Power Systems Applied To Remote Cell Towers, Eduardo Olmeda Noguera Jul 2014

Comparative Lca Of Stand-Alone Power Systems Applied To Remote Cell Towers, Eduardo Olmeda Noguera

Open Access Theses

Remote cell towers need on-site power generation or stand-alone power systems for operation and, traditionally, diesel electric generators have been used as backup power systems in combination with renewable energies. Currently, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC's) are emerging as substitutes for the diesel electric generator, because of their reliability, high-energy conversion efficiency and zero emissions while operating.^ However, very few studies have compared the environmental impact of these two technologies, especially on remote cell tower applications. As PEMFC's have no emissions while operating, concerns about their environmental impact surge because of the use of rare and high processed materials, …

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Differences In Carbon Dioxide Evolution From Samples Of Shelled Corn Subjected To Various Storage Treatments, Cininta Alp Pertiwi Jul 2014

Differences In Carbon Dioxide Evolution From Samples Of Shelled Corn Subjected To Various Storage Treatments, Cininta Alp Pertiwi

Open Access Theses

Shelled corn was collected from two sources - commercial grain elevators and corn harvested from Purdue University farms and then frozen until tested. Using a carbon dioxide (CO2) test kit manufactured by Woods End Laboratories, CO2 evolution measurements were conducted on shelled corn from both sources, after the samples were re-wetted to approximately 21% moisture content, placed in a 473 ml glass jar, and incubated at room temperature for 72 hours. The CO2 test kit uses a gel that changes color in response to a change in the level of CO2 in the surrounding air. …

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Big Data Analytics With Nyc Taxicab Data, Xinwu Qian Jul 2014

Big Data Analytics With Nyc Taxicab Data, Xinwu Qian

Open Access Theses

In recent years, the fast development of pervasive computing technologies gives us access to a variety of big data sources, such as mobile phone users, bank note movements and twitter posts etc. It provides unprecedented opportunities to conduct urban studies and contributes to the sustainable and efficient development of large cities. While big data is an invaluable treasure, our knowledge is limited due to lack of appropriate tools to analyze the data. Hence, this thesis is mainly focused on demonstrating how taxicab data can be used to study urban travel patterns and explore useful insights.

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Paxos Based Directory Updates For Geo-Replicated Cloud Storage, Srivathsava Rangarajan Jul 2014

Paxos Based Directory Updates For Geo-Replicated Cloud Storage, Srivathsava Rangarajan

Open Access Theses

Modern cloud data stores (e.g., Spanner, Cassandra) replicate data across geographically distributed data centers for availability, redundancy and optimized latencies.^ An important class of cloud data stores involves the use of directories to track the location of individual data objects. Directory-based datastores allow flexible data placement, and the ability to adapt placement in response to changing workload dynamics. However, a key challenge is maintaining and updating the directory state when replica placement changes.^ In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of a system to address the problem of correctly updating these directories. Our system is built around JPaxos, …

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Experimental Characterization Of The Pt Asymmetry With Balanced Inflow And Outflow At Different Reynolds Numbers, Zijie Qu Jul 2014

Experimental Characterization Of The Pt Asymmetry With Balanced Inflow And Outflow At Different Reynolds Numbers, Zijie Qu

Open Access Theses

This research focused on characterizing the PT asymmetry with balanced inflow and outflow conditions at different Reynolds number using experimental method. The characterization process utilized PIV data to explore the relationship between PT asymmetry and Reynolds number in two different experiments. In the first experiment, balanced inflow and outflow are used to generate the flow field in a cuboid test section with different Reynolds number, the inflow and outflow are located at the central of left side and right side of the test section. In the second experiment, a main flow is introduced to the first experiment by adding another …

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