Engineering Commons^™

Characterizing Energy Dissipation Of Shallow-Water Wave Breaking In A Storm Surge, Hunter Boswell, Guirong Grace Yan, Wouter Mostert

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

While understanding breaking waves is crucial for the development of parametrizations used in ocean wave modeling for both deep and shallow water, the complete process of wave breaking is not well understood. Here we present direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional solitary waves that shoal and break on a uniform beach in shallow water, with the presence of storm surge represented by an inshore region. The storm surge depth, beach slope, and wave amplitude are varied to study the dependence of energy dissipation in the breaker on wave and bathymetric parameters. We classify wave breaker types and find a separation between …

A Machine Learning Specklegram Wavemeter (Maswave) Based On A Short Section Of Multimode Fiber As The Dispersive Element, Ogbole C. Inalegwu, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wavemeters are very important for precise and accurate measurements of both pulses and continuous-wave optical sources. Conventional wavemeters employ gratings, prisms, and other wavelength-sensitive devices in their design. Here, we report a simple and low-cost wavemeter based on a section of multimode fiber (MMF). The concept is to correlate the multimodal interference pattern (i.e., speckle patterns or specklegrams) at the end face of an MMF with the wavelength of the input light source. Through a series of experiments, specklegrams from the end face of an MMF as captured by a CCD camera (acting as a low-cost interrogation unit) were analyzed …

Machine Learning For A Vernier-Effect-Based Optical Fiber Sensor, Chen Zhu, Osamah Alsalman, Wassana Naku

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, the optical Vernier effect has been demonstrated as an effective tool to improve the sensitivity of optical fiber interferometer-based sensors, potentially facilitating a new generation of highly sensitive fiber sensing systems. Previous work has mainly focused on the physical implementation of Vernier-effect-based sensors using different combinations of interferometers, while the signal demodulation aspect has been neglected. However, accurate and reliable extraction of useful information from the sensing signal is critically important and determines the overall performance of the sensing system. In this Letter, we, for the first time, propose and demonstrate that machine learning (ML) can be …

Simultaneous And Multiplexed Measurement Of Curvature And Strain Based On Optical Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors, Chen Zhu, Hongkun Zheng, Osamah Alsalman, Wassana Naku, Lingmei Ma

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Optical fiber sensors that have a compact size and the capability for multi-parameter sensing are desired in various applications. This article reports a miniaturized optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor with a length of hundreds of µm that is able to simultaneously measure variations of curvature, temperature, and strain. The sensor is easy to fabricate, requiring only the fusion splicing of a short section of the silica capillary tube between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The combined mechanism of the Fabry-Perot interference occurred in the two interfaces between the capillary and the SMFs, and the Anti resonant guidance induced by the capillary …

Design And Analysis Of Gold-Nanowires Based Multi-Channel Spr Sensor, Nasir Mahmood Anjum, Farhan Mumtaz, Muhammad Aqueel Ashraf

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research reports the simultaneous multi-analyte sensing capabilities of a D-shaped multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. Three channels are truncated in a U-shaped pattern at the side-polished surface of the D-shaped three-core fiber. Three Gold-nanowires (AuNWs) are positioned at the bottom of each sensing channel. To examine the SPR sensor's multi-channel characteristics, a finite element method (FEM) is applied. In order to detect a variety of analytes, y-polarized modes-multiplexing is used, which offers a sufficient wavelength range. At an infiltrated refractive index (RI) of 1.35, 1.38, and 1.41, respectively, the maximal RI sensitivities of c-1 (channel-one), c-2 (channel-two), and …

The Bridge Newsletter Spring 2023, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

The Bridge Newsletter

-Virtual reality in architectural engineering
-Steel Bridge team wins fifth consecutive competition
-S&T Volleyball star ‘jumps’ at research opportunity
-Benavides legacy continues

Dual Crosslinked Poly(Acrylamide-Co-N-Vinylpyrrolidone) Microspheres With Re-Crosslinking Ability For Fossil Energy Recovery, Jingyang Pu, Baojun Bai, Jiaming Geng, Na Zhang, Thomas P. Schuman

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microspheres have been proposed to be applied in controlling wastewater production for mature oilfields and migrating leakage for gas and nuclear waste storage. However, it remains challenging for stacked microspheres to maintain strong blocking ability in micron-sized small pores or fractures. In this study, a novel microsphere was developed with comprehensive properties including high deformability and long re-crosslinking time upon tunable swelling ratio for the applications. A dual covalent and physical crosslinking strategy was used to develop novel microspheres reinforced by a hydrogen bond (H-bond, between pyrrole ring and amide group) and coordination bond (between chromium acetate (CrAc) and carboxyl …

Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposure Alters Urinary And Serum Metabolites, Austin Sigler, Jiandong Wu, Annalise Pfaff, Olajide Adetunji, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Donald James, Casey Burton, Honglan Shi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressures can produce biological changes and clinical sequelae that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). While recent efforts have revealed several protein biomarkers for axonal injury during repetitive blast exposure, this study aims to explore potential small molecule biomarkers of brain injury during repeated blast exposure. This study evaluated a panel of ten small molecule metabolites involved in neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in the urine and serum of military personnel (n = 27) conducting breacher training with repeated exposure to low-level blasts. The metabolites were analyzed using HPLC—tandem mass spectrometry, and the Wilcoxon …

Evaluating The Impact Of Broadband Access And Internet Use In A Small Underserved Rural Community, Javier Valentín-Sívico, Casey I. Canfield, Sarah A. Low, Christel Gollnick

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Having adequate access to the internet at home enhances quality-of-life for households and facilitates economic and social opportunities. Despite increased investment in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of households in the rural United States still lack adequate access to high-speed internet. In this study, we evaluate a wireless broadband network deployed in Turney, a small, underserved rural community in northwest Missouri. In addition to collecting survey data before and after this internet intervention, we collected pre-treatment and post-treatment survey data from comparison communities to serve as a control group. Due to technical constraints, some of Turney's interested participants could …

Review Of Magnetic Properties And Texture Evolution In Non-Oriented Electrical Steels, Yizhou Du, Ronald J. O'Malley, Mario F. Buchely

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Electrical steels can be classified into two groups: grain-oriented (GO) and non-oriented (NGO) electrical steel. NGO electrical steels are mainly considered as core materials for different devices, such as electric motors, generators, and rotating machines. The magnetic properties and texture evolution of NGO electrical steels depend on multiple factors (such as chemical content, heat-treatment, and rolling process) making the development of new products a complex task. In this review, studies on the magnetic properties of NGO electrical steels and the corresponding texture evolution are summarized. The results indicate that further research is required for NGO electrical steels to ensure high …

A Hyperbaric Aerodynamic Levitator For Containerless Materials Research, Sydney E. Boland, Stephen K. Wilke, Jonathan A. Scott, Sarah M. Schlossberg, Alex Ivaschenko, Richard J.K. Weber, David W. Lipke

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A hyperbaric aerodynamic levitator has been developed for containerless materials research at specimen temperatures exceeding 2000 °C and pressures up to 10.3 MPa (1500 psi). This report describes the prototype instrument design and observations of the influence of specimen size, density, pressure, and flow rate on levitation behavior. The effect of pressure on heat transfer was also assessed by studying the heating and cooling behavior of levitated Al2O3 liquids. A threefold increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient was estimated as pressure increased to 10.3 MPa. The results demonstrate that hyperbaric aerodynamic levitation is a promising technique for containerless materials …

Multifunctional Additive Manufacturing And Multiphysics Numerical Investigations Of Carbon Fiber Structural Battery Composite Using A Drop-On-Demand Method With In-Situ Consolidation, Xiangyang Dong, Yuekun Chen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lightweight Carbon Fiber Structural Battery Composite Has Great Potential in Increasing Structural Energy Storage Efficiency for Multifunctional Applications. However, It is Still Challenging to Design Carbon Fiber Multifunctional Composite Due to Lack of Proper Manufacturing Methods. in This Study, an Integrated Multifunctional Design and Fabrication Approach is Developed by Combining a Drop-On-Demand Additive Manufacturing Method with a Multiphysics Numerical Model to Guide the Development of the New Multifunctional Composite. through Deposition with In-Situ Consolidation, the Function and Thickness of Each Carbon Fiber Layer as Well as its Fiber Volume Fraction Are Accurately Controlled. Decreasing Layer Thickness Improves Flexural Properties. the …

From Fiber Bragg Gratings To Coaxial Cable Bragg Gratings: One-Dimensional Microwave Quasi-Periodic Photonic Crystals, Chen Zhu, Osamah Alsalman, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Coaxial cables and optical fibers are two types of cylindrical waveguides used in telecommunications. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have found successful applications in various fields, such as optical communications, fiber lasers, and fiber-optic sensing. In this paper, we propose and numerically investigate the implementations of various fiber Bragg configurations, including uniform, chirped, apodized, and phase-shifted configurations, on coaxial cables to generate the corresponding special types of coaxial cable Bragg gratings (CCBGs). The simulation results of different CCBGs match well with the well-known FBG theories. It is demonstrated that the reflection spectrum of a CCBG can be flexibly tailored by introducing …

A Unified Two Independent Stress Variable Approach To Moisture-Change-Induced Unsaturated Soil Volume Change, Sandra Houston, Xiong Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In 1968, Matyas and Radhakrishna introduced the concept of the state surface, demonstrating that unsaturated soil volume change is dependent on two independent stress state variables, net total stress and suction. For decades the basic theory of unsaturated soils has been known, and a holistic view of the elastoplastic response of unsaturated soils, based on a modified state surface approach (MSSA), makes it clear that a method accounting for independent roles of net total stress and suction is required to quantify volume change of unsaturated soils. Still, reliance on pre-unsaturated-soil-mechanics-era methods persists, particularly within the geotechnical practice community. Unsaturated soil …

Calibration Of Bbm Parameters Using The Modified State Surface Approach, Xiong Zhang, Beshoy Riad, Eduardo E. Alonso

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) developed by Alonso et al. [1] is the first and the mostwidely used elasto-plastic model for unsaturated soils. The BBM successfully explained many key features of unsaturated soils and received extensive acceptance. However, there is lack of a well-establishedmethod for selecting parameter values for the BBM from laboratory tests, although a variety of methods have been recently developed for calibrating model parameters for the BBM. Concerns still exist on the correctness and robustness of such parameter value selection procedures. The above statements were evidenced by a recent benchmark exercise on selection of parameter values for …

Servo Mounting Device And Collective Control System Design For The Forward Flight Aero Test Stand, Aaron Jones

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

The majority of the ten-week internship was spent designing a servo mounting device, and a collective control system for the Forward Flight Aero Test (FFAT) stand. The servo mounting device uses four threaded standoffs along with a top plate, held together with screws, that raises the servos above the protruding threaded rods and screws. The collective control system is a rectangular block that attaches the swashplate to the servo arms connected to the servo motor. This control rod is used to translate the rotation from the servo arm into collective control for the blade angle. The control rod has two …

An Introductory Investigation Of Dust Devils On Mars: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling, Alexios Nicolas Philippou, Kakkattukuzhy M. Issac

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

This report investigates the flow characteristics of tornado like vortices which can be used to describe an array of axisymmetric rotating vertical columns of fluid such as dust devils, steam devils and tornadoes. These vortices have been recreated within vortex chambers in research facilities, but in focus of this report the investigation is conducted through numerical simulations using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package provided by ANSYS. By varying the main governing nondimensional parameter of swirl ratio through the computational domain’s boundary conditions, different flow characteristics appear which confirm theories presented in previous papers. This enables the research conducted …

Modeling And Simulation Of An Electrostatic Lunar Particle Sieve, Aaron Berkhoff

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

The following research was conducted to develop a kinetic particle model, which simulates an electromagnetic sieve used for in-situ material utilization on the lunar surface. A code package was developed to simulate an electromagnetic sieve that uses electrodes to transport fine particles within a cylindrical device. Specifically, this research generates an initial working model for the sieve and tests different electrode configurations. The simulation models different electric fields generated by electrodes, kinetic particle dynamics, and lunar particle distribution. During the case study, which investigates different electrode configurations, it was determined that electrodes oriented such that electrodes located above and below …

Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project: April 2023 Status Report, Jill Schmidt

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

This report details the progress of the Missouri S&T Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project as of April 2023 and the future work the team will complete throughout the remainder of 2023 and 2024. This project began in January 2023, and students have been completing preliminary training activities, so they are prepared to begin assembling and testing the eclipse payloads during summer 2023. Throughout the summer, all team members will be actively engaged in this research project and participating in outreach events related to high altitude ballooning.

High Pressure Injection Process For Ceramic Composites, Samuel Weiler

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

Ceramic materials are valued for good heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Due to these benefits, they are widely used in the aviation, automotive, medical, construction, and other industries. Ceramic materials are also both hard and brittle, qualities that are not ideal in many applications. To reduce brittleness, and other undesirable characteristics of ceramics, engineers have turned to composites to increase the mechanical properties of these materials. By adding composite particles or fibers, these characteristics can be improved. Constructing ceramic composites is not without its challenges, however. Current processes are prone to high porosity, high shrinkage, and poor accuracy of parts. …

Performance Evaluation Of Additively Manufactured Carbon/Peek Composites, Matik S. Heskin

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

Carbon/PEEK composites have a broad range of applications due to their combinations of superior creep properties and excellent strength to weight ratios. Like all fiber-based composites they are limited geometrically by their required manufacturing processes. Additively manufactured (AM) materials overcome this issue and can be formed into incredibly complex shapes. By combining these two fields, a material limited in application by geometry can have its shortcomings supported with AM processes.

AM carbon/PEEK composites have already been created but this relatively new material still needs property characterization. Therefore, the objective of this work will be to evaluate the structural performance of …

From Land Grant To Space Grant, Mohammad Dehghani

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Injection Molded Abs Using Conventional Steel And Novel Composite-Based Additively Manufactured Mold Plates, John Mitchell

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

Polymer injection molding processes have been used for over 100 years to create high-volume parts quickly and efficiently. Injection molding uses mold plates that are traditionally made of very hard tool steels, such as P20 steel, which is extremely heavy and has very long lead times to build new molds. In this study, composite-based additive manufacturing (CBAM) was used to create mold plates using long-fiber carbon fiber and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). These mold plates were installed in an injection molding machine, and rectangular flat plates were produced using Lustran 348 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Tensile testing was performed on …

Multi-Disciplinary Analysis Surrogate Based On Twin-Generator Generative Adversarial Networks For Electric Drone, Samuel Sisk

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

Multi-Disciplinary Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) plays an important role in the future of aviation, especially relating to Urban Air Mobility (UAM). MDAO for UAM effectively quantifies and maximizes system performance and safety while minimizing cost or consumption. Electric drone takeoff trajectory design aims to minimize energy consumption while fulfilling acceleration and other constraints to keep passengers comfortable. Conventional simulation-based MDAO is computationally expensive due to repeatedly evaluating physics-based models while naïvely constructing machine learning predictive models, also known as surrogate models, do not scale well with large-scale problems due to the “curse of dimensionality”. A twin-generator generative adversarial networks (Twin-GAN) …

Progress In Optimization Of Electrostatic Sieve Concept For Transport Of Lunar Regolith Using A Genetic Algorithm, Easton Ingram

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

A method for optimizing electrostatic dust transport systems using a genetic algorithm is in development. Applications to electrostatic sieving are discussed for use on the lunar surface. This simulation will allow for rapid development, testing, and optimization of electrostatic particle transport designs with large search spaces. Current progress and ongoing work for the simulation is reviewed.

Lunar In-Situ Aluminum Production Through Molten Salt Electrolysis (Lisap-Mse), Jacob Ortega, Jeffrey D. Smith, Fateme Rezaei, David Bayless, William P. Schonberg, Daniel S. Stutts, Daoru Frank Han

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

The goal of Artemis is to establish a sustained presence on the Moon. To achieve so, numerous resources are necessary. The Moon contains several essential elements needed to sustain human presence. Most of those elements are trapped in the form of minerals. To refine those minerals into useful materials, reduction methods are needed. Most reduction methods on Earth require large amounts of mass and power which is unrealistic for early stages of building a lunar base. To solve this problem, we are developing a concept of Lunar In-Situ Aluminum Production through Molten Salt Electrolysis (LISAP-MSE).

The LISAP-MSE project, if successful, …

Supersonic Wind Tunnel Improvement For Advanced Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Diagnostics, Joshua Gary

NASA-Missouri Space Grant Consortium

This work presents an approach to the design, and theoretical application, of a new test section for the Missouri S&T Supersonic Wind Tunnel to be used with advanced laserbased non-intrusive diagnostics. Supersonic wind tunnel test sections present multiple challenges. They need to ensure proper flow by avoiding jet-flow interactions and ensuring started conditions; they need to withstand large pressure loads in the case of tunnel unstart; they need to provide easy optical access for advanced diagnostics; they need to be modular and adaptable for different experiments. This work presents detailed analytical and numerical analyses of the mechanical loads. Based on …

Experimental And Numerical Studies Of Slurry-Based Coextrusion Deposition Of Continuous Carbon Fiber Micro-Batteries To Additively Manufacture 3d Structural Battery Composites, Aditya R. Thakur, Xiangyang Dong

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Carbon Fiber Structural Battery Composites Have Recently Attracted Growing Interests Due to their Potentials of Simultaneously Carrying Mechanical Loads and Storing Electrical Energy for Lightweight Application. in This Study, We Present a Slurry-Based Coextrusion Deposition Method to Additively Manufacture 3D Structural Battery Composites from Carbon Fiber Micro-Batteries. Cathode Slurry is Coextruded Together with Solid Polymer Electrolyte-Coated Carbon Fibers in a Single Deposition. a Network of Carbon Fiber Micro-Batteries is Achieved within the Fabricated Structural Battery Composites. Electrochemical Tests Show a Stable Charge-Discharge Performance Up to 100 Cycles. the Rheological Behavior of the Cathode Slurry is Found to Govern the Coextrusion …

A High-Strength Precipitation Hardened Cobalt-Free High-Entropy Alloy, Matthew Luebbe, Jiaqi Duan, Fan Zhang, Jonathan Poplawsky, Hans Pommeranke, Maalavan Arivu, Andrew Hoffman, Mario Buchely, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent studies on precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloys (HEAs) demonstrate their high strength and thermal stability, making them promising materials for high-temperature structural applications such as nuclear reactors. However, many existing HEAs contain cobalt (Co), which is unsuitable for nuclear applications because of the long-term activation issue of Co. Co is also expensive and considered a critical material for other applications. Therefore, it is desired to exclude Co from the composition. a Co-free (Fe0.3Ni0.3Mn0.3Cr0.1)88Ti4Al8 HEA was developed and studied in this work. in contrast to previous Co-free HEAs, this alloy is close to Equi atomic in its composition and promises a more …

A High-Strength Precipitation Hardened Cobalt-Free High-Entropy Alloy, Matthew Luebbe, Jiaqi Duan, Fan Zhang, Jonathan Poplawsky, Hans Pommeranke, Maalavan Arivu, Andrew Hoffman, Mario F. Buchely, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent Studies on Precipitation-Hardened High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) Demonstrate their High Strength and Thermal Stability, Making Them Promising Materials for High-Temperature Structural Applications Such as Nuclear Reactors. However, Many Existing HEAs Contain Cobalt (Co), Which is Unsuitable for Nuclear Applications Because of the Long-Term Activation Issue of Co. Co is Also Expensive and Considered a Critical Material for Other Applications. Therefore, It is Desired to Exclude Co from the Composition. a Co-Free (Fe_0.3Ni_0.3Mn_0.3Cr_0.1)88Ti₄Al₈ HEA Was Developed and Studied in This Work. in Contrast to Previous Co-Free HEAs, This Alloy is …