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Articles 13741 - 13770 of 21751

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Method Of Creating Ultra-Fine Particles Of Materials Using A High-Pressure Mill, Marian Mazurkiewicz Jan 2001

Method Of Creating Ultra-Fine Particles Of Materials Using A High-Pressure Mill, Marian Mazurkiewicz

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method for creating ultra-fine particles of material using a high-pressure mill is described. The method includes placing a material in a first chamber and subjecting the material to a high-pressure liquid jet to divide it into particles. These particles are then transferred to a second chamber in which they are subjected to cavitation to further divide the particles into relatively smaller particles. These relatively smaller particles are then transferred to a third chamber, in which the particles collide with a collider to still further divide them into ultra-fine particles of the material. The mill of the present invention includes …

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Characterization And Soldering Of Organic Modified Aluminum Thin Films And Bond Pads, Rui Fang, Eric Dahlgren, Matthew O'Keefe, Thomas J. O'Keefe, Wu Sheng Shih, Daniel R. Gamota, Jie Zhang Jan 2001

Characterization And Soldering Of Organic Modified Aluminum Thin Films And Bond Pads, Rui Fang, Eric Dahlgren, Matthew O'Keefe, Thomas J. O'Keefe, Wu Sheng Shih, Daniel R. Gamota, Jie Zhang

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An immersion plating process using organic solutions was used to deposit a seed layer of copper and to activate the surface of thin film aluminum surfaces and bond pads. The seeded surfaces were subsequently electroless copper plated and tested for compatibility with soldering assembly. It was demonstrated that the copper particles deposited from the organic solution onto sputter deposited aluminum thin films were able to act as nucleation sites for the subsequent buildup of adherent, continuous copper films from conventional electroless plating baths. In addition, the metal deposition from organic solution process was found to be very selective on patterned …

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Comment On "Influence Of Fe³⁺/Fe2+ Ratio On The Crystallization Of Iron-Rich Glasses Made With Industrial Wastes", Chandra S. Ray, Mario Pelino, Alexander Karamanov Jan 2001

Comment On "Influence Of Fe³⁺/Fe2+ Ratio On The Crystallization Of Iron-Rich Glasses Made With Industrial Wastes", Chandra S. Ray, Mario Pelino, Alexander Karamanov

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Spontaneous, Non-Aqueous Electrochemical Deposition Of Copper And Palladium On Al And Al(Cu) Thin Films, R. Fang, H. Gu, Matthew O'Keefe, Thomas J. O'Keefe, W. S. Shih, K. D. Leedy, R. Cortez Jan 2001

Spontaneous, Non-Aqueous Electrochemical Deposition Of Copper And Palladium On Al And Al(Cu) Thin Films, R. Fang, H. Gu, Matthew O'Keefe, Thomas J. O'Keefe, W. S. Shih, K. D. Leedy, R. Cortez

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Copper and palladium seed layers have been successfully deposited from organic solutions onto patterned and unpatterned pure aluminum and Al (0.5%Cu) thin films using an immersion displacement process. The reaction occurs at ambient temperature and pressure by a spontaneous electrochemical mechanism. Copper and palladium deposition using the organic solution was studied as a function of reaction time and Cu or Pd concentration in the solution. It was found that both time and the initial ionic metal concentration significantly influence deposit morphology, particle size and shape, and adherence. Nucleation of Cu or Pd sub-micron particles on both Al and Al (Cu) …

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A Numerical Study Of Automotive Gas Tank Filler Pipe Two Phase Flow, R. Banerjee, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, L. Oliver, W. Breig Jan 2001

A Numerical Study Of Automotive Gas Tank Filler Pipe Two Phase Flow, R. Banerjee, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, L. Oliver, W. Breig

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Automotive refueling is gaining greater importance because fuel vapors released during refueling are believed to increase ozone levels in urban areas. As a step towards On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) designs, vapor generation and transport during refueling needs to be understood to develop recovery techniques. The objective of the present study is to understand the fluid flow inside the automotive gas tank filler pipe using commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. This effort is expected to yield detailed flow field information, including air entrainment. The phenomena of well-back, the process of fuel flooding the filler pipe and flowing backwards …

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Measurement And Monitoring Of Microwave Reflection And Transmission Properties Of Cement-Based Materials For Propagation Modeling, Sergey Kharkovsky, U. C. Hasar, M. F. Akay, C. D. Atis Jan 2001

Measurement And Monitoring Of Microwave Reflection And Transmission Properties Of Cement-Based Materials For Propagation Modeling, Sergey Kharkovsky, U. C. Hasar, M. F. Akay, C. D. Atis

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A non-destructive, contactless, free-space method is used for measuring and monitoring the properties of cement-based materials. We analyse the propagation factor, penetration depth and reflection and transmission coefficients of the plane wave interacting with the highly lossy specimen. Results are presented of the measurement and monitoring of the properties of cement-based materials during all stages of their lives and different curing conditions The expected applications of the results for propagation modelling are discussed.

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Using A Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Data Mining Architecture To Determine A Marketing Strategy In A Charitable Organization's Donor Database, Korakot Hemsathapat, Cihan H. Dagli, David Lee Enke Jan 2001

Using A Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Data Mining Architecture To Determine A Marketing Strategy In A Charitable Organization's Donor Database, Korakot Hemsathapat, Cihan H. Dagli, David Lee Enke

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes the use of a neuro-fuzzy-genetic data mining architecture for finding hidden knowledge and modeling the data of the 1997 donation campaign of an American charitable organization. This data was used during the 1998 KDD Cup competition. In the architecture, all input variables are first preprocessed and all continuous variables are fuzzified. Principal component analysis (PCA) is then applied to reduce the dimensions of the input variables in finding combinations of variables, or factors, that describe major trends in the data. The reduced dimensions of the input variables are then used to train probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to …

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Decreasing Returns To Shareholders From Randd Spending In The Computer Industry, Del A. Mank, Halvard Nystrom Jan 2001

Decreasing Returns To Shareholders From Randd Spending In The Computer Industry, Del A. Mank, Halvard Nystrom

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article explores the relationship between stockholder value changes and corporate research and development (RandD) spending in the computer industry. Researchers attempted to tie RandD expenditures and its various measurable effects to future results of the firms within an industry, with mixed results. They identify a positive, short-term relationship between stockholder share price movements and firm announcements of plans to increase RandD expenditures. They also show that industries with higher RandD intensities grow faster than those with low RandD intensities. However, little research is available that effectively relates RandD expenditures to future share price performance of the firms within an …

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Rms Titanic: A Metallurgical Problem, Hollis P. Leighly, B. L. Bramfitt, S. J. Lawrence Jan 2001

Rms Titanic: A Metallurgical Problem, Hollis P. Leighly, B. L. Bramfitt, S. J. Lawrence

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Electrical Conductivity And Lattice Defects In Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide Thin Films, Toshio Suzuki, Igor Kosacki, Harlan U. Anderson, Philippe Colomban Jan 2001

Electrical Conductivity And Lattice Defects In Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide Thin Films, Toshio Suzuki, Igor Kosacki, Harlan U. Anderson, Philippe Colomban

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The results of the electrical conductivity and Raman scattering measurements of CeO2 thin films obtained by a polymeric precursor spin-coating technique are presented. The electrical conductivity has been studied as a function of temperature and oxygen activity and correlated with the grain size. When compared with microcrystalline samples, nanocrystalline materials show enhanced electronic conductivity. The transition from extrinsic to intrinsic type of conductivity has been observed as the grain size decreases to < 100 nm, which appears to be related to a decrease in the enthalpy of oxygen vacancy formation in CeO2. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the crystalline quality as a function of grain size. A direct comparison has been made between the defect …

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High Precision Solder Droplet Printing Technology: Principle And Applications, Qingbin Liu, M. Orme, Ming-Chuan Leu Jan 2001

High Precision Solder Droplet Printing Technology: Principle And Applications, Qingbin Liu, M. Orme, Ming-Chuan Leu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Solder droplet printing technology, which is low-cost, noncontact, flexible, data-driven, and environmentally friendly, has emerged as an enabling technology for precisely placing fine solder deposits on a variety of small substrates. It is suitable for a variety of applications including direct chip attach site preparation, 3D substrates, fine line interconnect, substrate via fill, optoelectronics and many others. It enables manufacturing techniques that are impossible or unfeasible with current technology, such as localized replacement of solder on board, depositing solder in different thicknesses on the same board, or using more than one type of solder on the same board. This makes …

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Power Quality, Badrul H. Chowdhury Jan 2001

Power Quality, Badrul H. Chowdhury

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

One big reason for the poor power quality incidents experienced today is the proliferation of electronic devices. A voracious appetite for higher efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing sector, comfort and automation in homes, and efficient lighting systems in commercial installations are driving the market for power electronic devices. At the forefront of this explosion is the switched power supply. Compared to its predecessor-the linear power supply-it can convert higher power much more efficiently and with a significantly smaller footprint. The switched power supply is found in most of today''s computers, fax machines, laser printers, office copiers, etc.

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Analysis Of A Four-Level Dc/Dc Buck Converter, Keith Corzine, J. Yuen, J. R. Baker Jan 2001

Analysis Of A Four-Level Dc/Dc Buck Converter, Keith Corzine, J. Yuen, J. R. Baker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a four-level DC/DC buck converter is introduced. The primary application for this converter is to regulate the center capacitor voltage in a four-level inverter system. The steady-state and average-value models for the proposed converter are developed and compared in simulation. The converter was constructed in the laboratory and verified on a four-level motor drive system. It was shown that the four-level DC/DC converter provides capacitor voltage balancing and allows higher output voltage utilization from the inverter.

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Fatigue Assessment Of Traffic Signal Mast Arms Based On Field Test Data Under Natural Wind Gusts, Genda Chen, Jingning Wu, Jiaqing Yu, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, Michael G. Barker Jan 2001

Fatigue Assessment Of Traffic Signal Mast Arms Based On Field Test Data Under Natural Wind Gusts, Genda Chen, Jingning Wu, Jiaqing Yu, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, Michael G. Barker

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, several states including Missouri, Wyoming, California, and Texas experienced fracture failures of traffic signal mast arms. Almost all the failures are associated with the propagation of defects or cracks. It is therefore imperative to evaluate existing mast arms using a simple yet accurate procedure. A statistical methodology is proposed to predict the fatigue life of signal mast arm structures on the basis of field-measured strain data. The annual occurrence of various stress levels is determined using the historical wind speed data in the vicinity of a mast arm structure and the strain readings of the structure under …

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Experimental Characterization Of Metallic Dampers For Seismic Retrofit Of Highway Bridges, Genda Chen, Eric R. Bothe, Jeffrey Ger Jan 2001

Experimental Characterization Of Metallic Dampers For Seismic Retrofit Of Highway Bridges, Genda Chen, Eric R. Bothe, Jeffrey Ger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The seismic effectiveness of metallic dampers as vibration isolators and energy dissipation devices as well as the dynamic performance of high rocker bearings are investigated experimentally. The scope of the study includes optimizing the metallic dampers for maximum dissipation of energy, characterizing full-scale metallic dampers, and understanding the seismic behavior of a small-scale bridge with dampers. Three full-scale dampers, two of straight and one of linearly tapered rods, were fabricated and tested under a progressive cyclic load. Test results consistently show that the tangential stiffness of the metallic dampers does not degrade significantly as the number of loading cycles increases …

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Properties Of Sputtered Bilayer Wnx/W Diffusion Barriers Between Si And Cu, K. D. Leedy, Matthew O'Keefe, E. J. Dahlgren, J. T. Grant Jan 2001

Properties Of Sputtered Bilayer Wnx/W Diffusion Barriers Between Si And Cu, K. D. Leedy, Matthew O'Keefe, E. J. Dahlgren, J. T. Grant

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Copper interconnect metallizations in next generation integrated circuits will require thin diffusion barrier layers (< 20 nm) between the Cu and low-k dielectric which may also function as seed layers for subsequent material depositions. One possible structure entails a multicomponent diffusion barrier with a lower resistivity component, such as W on WNx. In this study, sputtered WNx/W bilayer thin films were investigated as diffusion barriers between Si and Cu. The total thickness of the WNx/W bilayer was fixed at 20 nm while the WNx thickness was varied from 0 to 20 nm. After deposition of the barrier films, a 100 nm thick Cu film was sputtered over the top of the ct-W and amorphous WNx bilayer. The as-deposited WNx/W film stress was found to be strongly dependent on the relative amount of WNx and W present and the addition of a Cu overlayer was found to mitigate the stress levels. The WNx/W barriers remained stable after 650°C anneals and exhibited phase transformations to W 2N. Microstructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction and chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the films were used to identify the as deposited and transformed phases. © 2001 Materials Research Society.

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An Optimal Control Based Treatment Strategy For Parturient Paresis Using Neural Networks, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan Jan 2001

An Optimal Control Based Treatment Strategy For Parturient Paresis Using Neural Networks, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An optimal online feedback treatment strategy is developed for the parturient paresis of cows, based on nonlinear optimal control theory. A limitation in the development of an existing mathematical model for calcium homeostasis is addressed and the model is extended to incorporate control inputs. An optimal feedback controller is synthesized for the nonlinear system using neural networks. Though the main aim of this paper is to solve the biomedical control problem, the methodology presented in this paper is a general computational tool, which can be applied to solve a fairly general class nonlinear optimal control problems.

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Robust State Dependent Riccati Equation Based Robot Manipulator Control, Ming Xin, S. N. Balakrishnan, Zhongwu Huang Jan 2001

Robust State Dependent Riccati Equation Based Robot Manipulator Control, Ming Xin, S. N. Balakrishnan, Zhongwu Huang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present a new optimal control approach to robust control of robot manipulators in the framework of state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique. To treat this highly nonlinear control system, we formulate it as a nonlinear optimal regulator problem. SDRE technique was used to synthesize an optimal controller to this class of robot control problem. We also synthesize a neural network based extra controller to achieve the robustness in the presence of the parameter uncertainties. A typical two-link robot position control problem was studied to show the effectiveness of SDRE approach and robust extra control design to robotic application.

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Spectrally Selective, Matched Emitters For Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion Processed By Tape Casting, L. G. Ferguson, Fatih Dogan Jan 2001

Spectrally Selective, Matched Emitters For Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion Processed By Tape Casting, L. G. Ferguson, Fatih Dogan

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generator converts radiant energy from a high temperature emitter element into electric power using infrared responding photovoltaic cells. Spectral control is a primary issue in TPV applications. Conventional TPV generators have relied on filters to achieve selectivity and spectral control with near-blackbody ceramic emitters. Several practical problems have limited the success of this approach, particularly the present lack of a satisfactory wide-band infrared filter. A new, spectrally selective emitter is described in this work, and will be called the “bandgap matched” emitter because its emissive power spectrum is very efficiently matched with the infrared response of the …

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The Design And Analysis Of An Analog Ratio Spectrum Circuit, Liping Deng, John G. Harris Jan 2001

The Design And Analysis Of An Analog Ratio Spectrum Circuit, Liping Deng, John G. Harris

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The ratio spectrum (RS) is a novel method for signal analysis that has been successfully demonstrated for speech recognition and coding applications. In this paper, an improved RS circuit with an adaptive tenth-order Butterworth low-pass filter has been designed. We also present the first convergence analysis of the ratio spectrum. We derive linearized convergence expressions for the RS and compare the theoretical predictions to circuit simulations. © 2001 IEEE.

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Design And Implementation Of A Biologically Realistic Olfactory Cortex In Analog Vlsi, Jose C. Principe, Vitor G. Tavares, John G. Harris, Walter J. Freeman Jan 2001

Design And Implementation Of A Biologically Realistic Olfactory Cortex In Analog Vlsi, Jose C. Principe, Vitor G. Tavares, John G. Harris, Walter J. Freeman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reviews the problem of translating signals into symbols preserving maximally the information contained in the signal time structure. In this context, we motivate the use of nonconvergent dynamics for the signal to symbol translator. We then describe a biologically realistic model of the olfactory system proposed by Walter Freeman that has locally stable dynamics but is globally chaotic. We show how we can discretize Freemans model using digital signal processing techniques, providing an alternative to the more conventional Runge-Kutta integration. This analysis leads to a direct mixed signal {analog amplitude/discrete time) implementation of the dynamical building block that …

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Challenge Problem Update: Peec And Mom Analysis Of A Pc Board With Long Wires Attached, H. Wang, Todd H. Hubing, Bruce Archambeault Jan 2001

Challenge Problem Update: Peec And Mom Analysis Of A Pc Board With Long Wires Attached, H. Wang, Todd H. Hubing, Bruce Archambeault

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

At the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on EMC, a paper was presented by Y. Ji et al. (paper appears in 2001 proceedings) that compared the application of PEEC and MOM techniques to the analysis of one of the EMC Society/Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society special challenge problems. Good agreement was obtained between the two codes at 2 out of the 3 measurement ports. At that time, no definite explanation was provided for the discrepancy at the third port. This paper shows that the problem was (at least partly) related to assumptions made about the signal source

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Reduced Parts-Count Multi-Level Rectifiers, Keith Corzine, J. Yuen, J. R. Baker Jan 2001

Reduced Parts-Count Multi-Level Rectifiers, Keith Corzine, J. Yuen, J. R. Baker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-level power converters have gained much attention due to their high power quality, low switching losses, and high-voltage capability. These advantages make the multi-level converter a candidate topology for the next generation of naval ship propulsion systems. The primary disadvantage of these systems is the large number of semiconductors involved. This paper presents a reduced parts-count rectifier which is well suited for naval rectifier applications where bi-directional power flow is not required. The proposed converter is analyzed and experimentally verified on an 18 kW four-level rectifier/inverter system.

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Reducing Power Bus Impedance At Resonance With Lossy Components, Todd H. Hubing, Theodore M. Zeeff Jan 2001

Reducing Power Bus Impedance At Resonance With Lossy Components, Todd H. Hubing, Theodore M. Zeeff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power bus structures in printed circuit boards with solid power and ground planes exhibit resonances. When the power bus is resonant, the power bus impedance can increase dramatically. This paper explores the effect of component equivalent series resistance (ESR) on power bus resonances. General guidelines for selecting an optimum ESR are provided and are supported by laboratory measurements and numerical simulations

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Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonators For The Millimeter Wave Near Field Sensing Applications, Sergey Kharkovsky, Yu Prokopenko, M. F. Akay Jan 2001

Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonators For The Millimeter Wave Near Field Sensing Applications, Sergey Kharkovsky, Yu Prokopenko, M. F. Akay

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The resonance characteristics of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in parallel-plate type cylindrical dielectric resonators (DRs) are numerically considered to optimise their characteristics for sensing applications. Results for the dependency of the resonant frequency, Q-factor, slow-down factor and electric energy filling factor of the modes on resonator parameters for both isotropic and anisotropic DR are presented. The possible applications of the results for millimeter wave near field nondestructive measurements are discussed.

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20-H Rule Modeling And Measurements, Todd H. Hubing, Hwan-Woo Shim Jan 2001

20-H Rule Modeling And Measurements, Todd H. Hubing, Hwan-Woo Shim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The 20-H rule is a printed circuit board layout guideline. On boards with power and ground planes, the fringing field at the edges of the board is contained by backing the edge of the power plane away from the edge of the board by a distance equal to 20 times the separation distance between the planes. In this study, test boards were built and measured with and without implementing the 20-H rule. The measured results are compared to numerical models. The results of this study show that, although the near fields are more contained, the radiation from a board implementing …

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A Committee Of Neural Networks For Automatic Speaker Recognition (Asr) Systems, Viresh Moonasar, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Jan 2001

A Committee Of Neural Networks For Automatic Speaker Recognition (Asr) Systems, Viresh Moonasar, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper describes how the results of speaker verification systems can be improved and made robust with the use of a committee of neural networks for pattern recognition rather than the conventional single-network decision system. It illustrates the use of a supervised learning vector quantization neural network as the pattern classifier. Linear predictive coding and cepstral signal processing techniques are utilized to form hybrid feature parameter vectors to combat the effect of decreased recognition success with increased group size (number of speakers to be recognized)

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A Nonlinear Voltage Controller With Derivative Adaptive Critics For Multimachine Power Systems, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2001

A Nonlinear Voltage Controller With Derivative Adaptive Critics For Multimachine Power Systems, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Based on derivative adaptive critics, a novel nonlinear optimal voltage/excitation control for a multimachine power system is presented. The feedback variables are completely based on local measurements. Simulations on a three-machine system demonstrate that the nonlinear controller is much more effective than the conventional PID controller equipped with a power system stabilizer for improving dynamic performance and stability under small and large disturbances.

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A Novel Morphological Operator To Calculate Euler Number, Zhao Zhang, Randy Hays Moss, William V. Stoecker Jan 2001

A Novel Morphological Operator To Calculate Euler Number, Zhao Zhang, Randy Hays Moss, William V. Stoecker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces a novel morphological operator to calculate the Euler number for binary images. The operator is based on the condition of eight-connectedness for foreground and four-connectedness for background. It is significantly faster than the previous operators. The morphological operations used in border detection are discussed

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A Parallel Computer-Go Player, Using Hdp Method, Donald C. Wunsch, Xindi Cai Jan 2001

A Parallel Computer-Go Player, Using Hdp Method, Donald C. Wunsch, Xindi Cai

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The game of Go has simple rules to learn but requires complex strategies to play well, and, the conventional tree search algorithm for computer games is not suited for Go program. Thus, the game of Go is an ideal problem domain for machine learning algorithms. This paper examines the performance of a 19x19 computer Go player, using heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) and parallel alpha-beta search. The neural network based Go player learns good Go evaluation functions and wins about 30% of the games in a test series on 19x19 board

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