Engineering Commons^™

Fluidization Of Nanopowders: Experiments, Modeling, And Applications, J. Ruud Van Ommen, Robert Pfeffer

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Nanopowders are applied in a wide range of processes, and their use continues to increase. Fluidization is one of the best techniques available to disperse and process nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles cannot be fluidized individually; they fluidize as very porous agglomerates. Often, it is needed to apply an assisting method, such as vibration or microjets, to obtain proper fluidization. In this paper, we give a brief review of the developments in nanopowder fluidization.

Subject Index, Sang Done Kim

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Index

Author Index, Sang Done Kim

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Index

A Single Particle View Of Fluidization, Jonathan Seville

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Radiation-based single particle tracking approaches have distinct advantages in investigating opaque particle systems such as fluidized beds. The principles of one of these – positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) – are summarised here, together with recent developments in the use of the technique. Applications in bubbling beds, circulating beds, in heat transfer and in coating are illustrated. PEPT is beginning to be used in validation of computational methods for simulating fluidized beds, such as discrete element methods.

Fluidization—Past & Future, Masayuki Horio

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

With the understanding on paradigm shift in sciences as well as on the relationships between science and society, the footmarks of fluidization research and its present situation were briefly revisited so that the future directions can be defined and discussed in the fluidization society in a wider perspective.

Book Cover, Sang Done Kim

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Book Cover

Particle Attrition Measurements Using A Jet Cup, Ray Cocco, S.B. Reddy Karri, Yeook Arrington, Roy Hays, John Findlay, Ted Knowlton

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Particle attrition is usually detrimental as it negatively affects product quality and process cost. Thus, it is important to know how particles attrit under relevant operating conditions. Small jet cup attrition test devices (such as the Davison Jet Cup) are typically used to measure relative particle attrition for fluidized beds and risers. Ideally, the attrition rates measured in these laboratory units provide a relative indication of how the materials will behave in the commercial unit. Most jet cup devices have a cylindrical configuration. However, Particulate Solid Research, Inc. (PSRI) has found that a cylindrical jet cup attrition measurement may not …

Effects Of Imposed Solids Flux And Pressure On Gas Bypassing In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Materials, Allan Issangya, Reddy Karri Dr, Ted Knowlton

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Tests were conducted in 0.6-m and 0.9-m-diameter units to determine the effect of imposed solids flux and system pressure on gas bypassing in deep beds of FCC catalyst particles. Imposed solids fluxes of up to 70 kg/m2s and freeboard pressures of up to about 200 kPag were used. Imposing a solids flux on the fluid bed increased the potential for gas bypassing, while increasing the system pressure had the opposite effect.

Magnetic Resonance (Mr) Measurements Of The Mass Flux In Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, Andrew J. Sederman, Daniel J. Holland, L. F. Gladden, J. S. Dennis, C. R. Müller

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging was used to measure the time-averaged voidage and particle velocity in a 3D gas-solid fluidized bed. Two different distributors were used. The mass-flux through a horizontal plane was calculated by combining the local voidage and particle velocity measurements. Based on the conservation of mass it was possible to give an error in the combined voidage and particle velocity measurements. It was found that the error in the mass flux was usually small (< 5%), albeit increasing with increasing fluidization velocities.

Study Of Solids Entrainment Into Attrition Jets In Fluidized Beds, Feng Li, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Jennifer Mcmillan

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Supersonic nozzles are applied to various fluidized bed processes, such as the production of pharmaceutical powders, fluid catalytic cracking, and fluid coking. In applications such as jet milling, it is essential to entrain a maximum flow-rate of solids from the fluidized bed into the jet cavity. Studies of solid entrainment rate into gas jets have been mostly conducted with subsonic jets and none with convergent-divergent nozzles. The purpose of this research is to study solids entrainment into jets issuing from supersonic convergent-divergent nozzles, and particularly the effects of nozzle size, nozzle mass flow-rate, injection gas properties and fluidization velocity. A …

Evaluation Of The Minimum Velocity Of Polydisperse Bed Fluidization Compounded Of Biomass Pellets And Their Mixtures With Fine Particles Of Coal, Zorin Alexander, Isemin Rafail, Viryasov Dmitriy, Kuzmin Sergey

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

It turned out that the change graphs of the absolute value of dimensionless amplitude of pressure fluctuations against air velocity can be used to evaluate values of the minimum fluidization velocity of polydisperse bed biomass pellets. An experimental verification is reported on the early predicting index of agglomeration in bubbling fluidized bed of biomass pellets and fine coal particles.

Processing Of Pure Vegetable Oils In A Continuous Fcc Pilot Plant, Peter Bielansky, Alexander Reichhold, Christoph Schönberger

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

The basic objective of the presented work is the application of vegetable oils as an alternative CO2-neutral feedstock for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The experimental test program was conducted in a fully continuously operated FCC pilot plant with intern CFB-design at Vienna University of Technology. Vegetable oils with the highest global production (soy bean oil, palm oil and rapeseed oil) were used. The addition of vegetable oil had hardly any influence on the cracking process. The gasoline achieved is oxygen free at high octane numbers.

Effects Of Liquid Swirling On Gas-To-Liquid Mass Transfer In Three-Phase Fluidized Beds, Yong Kang, Myung-Jae Seo, Hyung Oh Lim, Sung-Mo Son, Yong Jun Cho, Hi Chul Yang, Sang-Done Kim, Heon Jung, Ho Tae Lee

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

The swirling flow mode of liquid phase was adopted to promote the gas-to-liquid mass transfer in three-phase(gas-liquid-solid) fluidized beds. Effects of gas(0.01-0.09m/s) and liquid(0.035-0.172m/s) velocities, particle size(1.7-6.0mm) and swirling ratio of liquid phase(0-0.5) on the volumetric gas-to-liquid mass transfer coefficient in the bed were examined. The mass transfer coefficient increased up to 70% by adjusting the swirling flow of liquid phase, especially when the gas velocity is relatively low range. The value of gas-to-liquid mass transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups which were derived from the dimensional analysis on the mass transfer system.

Radial Distribution Of Particle Clusters In A Downer Reactor Unit, Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Stefan Krol, Hugo Ignacio De Lasa

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

This study investigates the formation of clusters at 11 radial positions in a 2.63 cm ID downer reactor using the CREC-GS-Optiprobes. Cluster properties such as dimensions, drag coefficients and velocity across the downer unit radius are established based on the reported data and a probabilistic based model.

Pressure Balance Of A Multiple-Loop Chemical Reactor, Trevor D. Hadley, Ken Chiang, Nick R. Burke, Kok-Seng Lim

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

For a chemical looping (CL) process it is important to determine the optimum reactor configuration that would offer good pressure balance to ensure smooth transfer of the solids between the reactor loops as well as satisfying the oxygen carrier and heat requirements. A variation of the CL process for production of enriched hydrogen stream is investigated which adopts multiple reactor loops. A pressure balance model is developed and a methodology is proposed to find a feasible reactor configuration at an industrial scale production of hydrogen.

Steam Gasification Of Low Rank Coal Chars In A Thermobalance Reactor And A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Byungho Song, Xueyan Zhu, Woongsig Moon, Won Yang

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

The six chars of low rank coals have been gasified with steam in a thermobalance reactor and one lignite in a fluidized bed to obtain the kinetic information needed for a design of coal gasifier. The gas-solid reaction models have been compared for their prediction ability of the gasification reaction behavior. The apparent reaction rate equations have been presented.

Numerical Experiment On Effect Of Surface Roughness For Heat And Flow Around Two Contacting Particles, Azri Bin Alias, Kuwagi K., Bin Mokhtar M.A. Takami T., Horio M.

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

The aim of the present work is to establish a model of heat transfer between particles by using the numerical simulation that can be incorporated in the discrete element method (DEM). The contact heat transfer between particles can be regarded as a contact thermal resistance problem. In the thermal resistance model, the local characteristics, e.g. exact contact area and heat flux distribution on particle surface, are important. However, it is difficult to measure such factors in detail. Accordingly, the authors utilized a numerical simulation. The thermal resistance was modeled by placing a small solid block between the contacting areas in …

Study Of The Minimum Spouting Velocity In A Draft Tube Conical Spouted Bed, Haritz Altzibar, G. Lopez, M. Olazar, J. Bilbao

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

A study has been carried out on the hydrodynamics of conical spouted beds with a non-porous draft-tube. A hydrodynamic correlation has been proposed for calculating the minimum spouting velocity as a function of dimensionless moduli that take into account geometric factors, particle characteristics and operating conditions. A statistical analysis of the data obtained following a design of experiments shows that the inlet diameter, particle diameter and the height of the entrainment zone are the parameter of greater influence on the minimum spouting velocity.

Dem-Cfd Modelling Of A Fluidized Bed Spray Granulator, Lennart Fries, Sergiy Antonyuk, Stefan Heinrich, Stefan Palzer

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Coupled DEM-CFD simulations have been performed to study the hydrodynamics of a Wurster granulator on the scale of individual particles. Based on extensive material tests, the collision behaviour of dry "Gamma"-Al2O3 particles is identified and incorporated into the model. The effect of process parameters like air flow rate and geometry details like the Wurster position is studied. Based on a physical description of the material properties, an effective tool for design and scale-up of a Wurster granulator is obtained.

Computational Study Of Layer Inversion In Two-Component Liquid-Fluidized Beds By Dem-Cfd, Alberto Di Renzo, Fernando Cello, Francesco Paolo Di Maio

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

In the present work the layer inversion phenomenon observed in experiments from the literature is reproduced via discrete element simulations, in which a novel drag force model valid for bi- and poly-disperse particle systems is used. The simulations serve both as validation of the drag model and as a tool to analyze the dynamics of the phenomenon. The comparison with published data is carried out in terms of bed height and component distributions as functions of the liquid velocity, showing very good agreement.

Zero-Dimensional Modeling Of Indirect Fluidized Bed Gasification, Anton Larsson, David Pallarés, Daniel Neves, Martin Seemann, Henrik Thunman

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Zero-dimensional models has been developed to investigate mass balance and fuel (biomass) Chalmers a 2-4MW indirect fluidized bed gasifier. The result from this work is that more than 95%(Mass) of the tars is converted in the gasifier and that the water gas shift reaction is far from equilibrium.

Dem Fluidization Of Smart Particles, Amit Suri, Masayuki Horio

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Numerical simulations using DEM for smart particles/bodies having a capability to induce a repulsive force on the particle based on the cognition were simulated. A particle-particle interaction type repulsive force was used to induce self fluidization and it was found that if the repulsive force is sufficiently high, fluidization of particles can be achieved.

Inside Photo, Sang Done Kim

The 13th International Conference on Fluidization - New Paradigm in Fluidization Engineering

Inside Photo

Early-Age Re-Entry Under Fresh Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete, E. Stefan Bernard

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is now used together with bolts for ground support in almost every underground metalliferous mine in Australia. Safety and economy have been the primary factors driving the widespread adoption of this system of ground support. Thickness, strength, and toughness requirements for long-term stabilization of hard rock ground are relatively well understood for the majority of ground conditions, but minimum safe re-entry times following spraying remain unclear. This issue has therefore been addressed through a series of experimental and theoretical investigations that have assessed common ground conditions in metalliferous mines and compared this to the local load …

Determination Of Energy Absorption Capabilities Of Large Scale Shotcrete Panels, Ellen C. Morton, Ernesto Villaescusa, Alan G. Thompson

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) has developed a facility for the static testing of full scale ground support elements. The test facility consists of several stiff steel frames used to support the sample and a screw feed jack is used to load the sample. A large scale punch test method has been developed to evaluate various shotcrete mix designs at different curing times. The shotcrete is sprayed on to a sandstone substrate containing an isolated disc that is centrally located. The test sample is placed on to the sample frame and restrained on all sides. The disc is …

Construction Placement, Hardened Properties And Durability Of Shotcrete With Highly Functional Fly Ash, Kunihiro Yuno, Chikanori Hashimoto, Mitsuhiro Ishii, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. has developed the technology to manufacture a brand name “Finash” about 12 years ago, by sorting and classifying coal ash generated in coal fired power plants. “Finash” is highly functional fly ash (HFA) is produced by removing irregular coarse particles. It is important for the production of HFA to minimize the variation in quality of coal ash with sophisticated classification technique and extracting good-quality spherical fine particles. The specific surface of HFA is more than 5000 cm2/g. It is now widely utilized as concrete admixture for general civil engineering structures and buildings in Japan.

When …

X-Ray Tomographie Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (Sfrs), Gerhard Pittino, Robert Galler

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

X-ray tomography is a commonly used diagnostic method in medicine. Its use has also spread into the field of engineering. The most important application is the non-destructive testing. The composite material steel fibre reinforced shotcrete is applied widespreadly in the geotechnique. The knowledge about the orientation of the steel fibres in the concrete is of decisive importance for modeling the mechanical behaviour. The poster shows the way of sampling about the computer tomography (Voxel model) up to the statistical evaluation of the fibre orientation.

Experiences With Polymer-Modified Shotcrete, Gerhard Pittino, Robert Galler, Klaus Bonin, Jürgen Bezler

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

Adhesive mortar for tiles can be significantly improved by modification. Why should sprayed concrete not benefit similarly for various applications? This question has been investigated through large-scale tests in a tunnel cross passage, in an access gallery of a salt mine and in a mining gravity shaft. In-situ tests are necessary because the sprayed concrete mix and the process engineering have a significant influence on the quality of the sprayed concrete. The fresh concrete properties and the properties of the sprayed concrete like early strength development, the ability to creep, adhesion, density and resistance to abrasion are all investigated.

Application Of Blended Cement In Shotcrete To, Atsumu Ishida, Akitoshi Araki, Kenji Yamamoto, Minoru Morioka, Akihiro Hori

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

The application of blended cements in shotcrete is investigated to reduce the environmental burden. Reduction of the environmental burden and meeting the required properties of quick setting and strength development are achieved using blended cements with blast furnace slag and a powder accelerator with a main component of calcium sulfo-aluminate. The powder accelerator is hydro-reactive and promotes quick setting and strength development in shotcrete. The reduced environmental burden of shotcrete with blended cement and powder accelerator are calculated.

Recent Experiences Using Shotcrete At Underground Laboratory Facilities, Christopher Laughton Phd, Pe

Shotcrete for Underground Support XI

The paper discusses the use of shotcrete linings at underground laboratories, and details the application of shotcrete and water control systems on the Neutrinos at Main Injector project, located in Illinois, USA. The paper also proposes guidelines for the use of shotcrete at the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, South Dakota, USA.