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Articles 2401 - 2430 of 2512
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Activation Of Systemic Adhesion Molecules And C Reactive Protein In Response To Biomaterial Particle Induced Cytokine Production, Robin Graham
All Dissertations
Chronic inflammation has been identified as a major contributor to many diseases including, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes, to name a few. Many of the same markers of inflammation found in the diseases listed above, including IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-B and adhesion molecules, have also been found in wear debris induced osteolysis. While the local response to biomaterial wear debris has been characterized quite extensively, very little is known about the systemic effect of biomaterial wear debris on the inflammatory system. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo inflammatory …
Heterogeneous Catalysis And Biodiesel Forming Reactions, Dora Lopez
Heterogeneous Catalysis And Biodiesel Forming Reactions, Dora Lopez
All Dissertations
Biodiesel, defined as 'a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats', is finding favor commercially worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of solid catalysts for triglyceride transesterification and carboxylic acid esterification to produce biodiesel fuel.
Processes using mainly homogeneous alkali catalysts (such as NaOH, KOH, and methoxides) have been shown to be effective for biodiesel synthesis when dealing with virgin oil feedstocks. Use of acid catalysts (e.g., H2SO4) becomes important when processing low quality feedstocks that contain appreciable amounts of free fatty acids, such as …
Characterization Of Recycled Aged Crm Binders, Soon-Jae Lee
Characterization Of Recycled Aged Crm Binders, Soon-Jae Lee
All Dissertations
The incorporation of conventional reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements has become routine in many states around the United States and many other countries all over the world. In addition, the recycling of crumb rubber modified (CRM) materials has been an area of interest since CRM was first used in asphalt paving materials over 40 years ago. Previous research on the recycling of rubberized asphalt concrete (RAC) materials have been limited and focused mainly on the mixture properties at the location of in-field paving. However, for the long-term performance characterizations, it is needed to investigate the aging …
Measurement And Analysis Of Hydromechanical Effects In Fractured Rock, Todd Schweisinger
Measurement And Analysis Of Hydromechanical Effects In Fractured Rock, Todd Schweisinger
All Dissertations
Fractures in rock hold important stores of water and petroleum, and slight changes in fracture aperture accompanying drawdown from pumping wells play a key role in recovering these resources. Four accomplishments are described that advance insight into the behavior and characterization of fractured crystalline rock.
First was the development of two removable borehole extensometers that enable small axial displacements to be measured during hydraulic well tests. The extensometers consist of four major components: 1.) a pair of anchors; 2.) a displacement transducer 3.) a registration system, and; 4.) a temperature-compensated reference rod. One extensometer uses an axial reference rod with …
Evaluation Of Lithium Based Deicing Chemicals For Mitigating Asr In Concrete Pavement, Senthil Soundarapandian
Evaluation Of Lithium Based Deicing Chemicals For Mitigating Asr In Concrete Pavement, Senthil Soundarapandian
All Dissertations
Deicing and anti-icing chemicals such as alkali-acetate and alkali-formate based formulations are increasingly being used on airfield pavements. Among these new deicers, potassium acetate-based formulations are widely used due to their environmentally friendly nature and effectiveness in melting and undercutting ice at low temperatures. Recent research on premature deterioration of airfield pavements due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) has indicated that alkali-acetate and alkali-formate deicers such as potassium acetate and sodium formate may have been responsible for the observed distress. In an effort to develop a deicing chemical that is benign to concrete from an ASR standpoint, a new deicing formulation …
Corrosion Effects On Tension Stiffening Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete, M. A. Shayanfar, M. Ghalehnovi, Amir Safiey
Corrosion Effects On Tension Stiffening Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete, M. A. Shayanfar, M. Ghalehnovi, Amir Safiey
Publications
The investigation of corrosion effects on the tensile behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members is very important in region prone to high corrosion conditions. In this article, an experimental study concerning corrosion effects on tensile behavior of RC members is presented. For this purpose, a comprehensive experimental program including 58 cylindrical reinforced concrete specimens under various levels of corrosion is conducted. Some of the specimens (44) are located in large tub containing water and salt (5% salt solution); an electrical supplier has been utilized for the accelerated corrosion program. Afterwards, the tensile behavior of the specimens was studied by means …
Selection Of The Spraying Technologies For Over-Coating Of Metal-Stampings With Thermo-Plastics For Use In Direct-Adhesion Polymer Metal Hybrid Load-Bearing Components, M. Grujicic, V. Sellappan, Laine Mears, X. Xuan, Norbert Seyr, Marc Erdmann, Jochen Holzleitner
Selection Of The Spraying Technologies For Over-Coating Of Metal-Stampings With Thermo-Plastics For Use In Direct-Adhesion Polymer Metal Hybrid Load-Bearing Components, M. Grujicic, V. Sellappan, Laine Mears, X. Xuan, Norbert Seyr, Marc Erdmann, Jochen Holzleitner
Publications
The suitability of various polymer-powder spraying technologies for coating of metal-stampings used in polymer metal hybrid (PMH) load-bearing automotive-component applications is considered. The suitability of the spraying technologies is assessed with respect to a need for metal-stamping surface preparation/treatment, their ability to deposit the polymeric material without significant material degradation, the ability to selectively overcoat the metal-stamping, the resulting magnitude of the polymer-to-metal adhesion strength, durability of the polymer/metal bond with respect to prolonged exposure to high-temperature/high-humidity and mechanical/thermal fatigue service conditions, and compatibility with the automotive body-in-white (BIW) manufacturing process chain. The analysis revealed that while each …
An Investigation Of Nonlinear Estimation And System Design For Mechatronic Systems, Tim Hughes
An Investigation Of Nonlinear Estimation And System Design For Mechatronic Systems, Tim Hughes
All Theses
This thesis is a collection of two projects in which the author was involved during his master's degree program. The first project involves the estimation of 3D Euclidean coordinates of features from 2D images. A 3D Euclidean position estimation strategy is developed for a static object using a single moving camera whose motion is known. This Euclidean depth estimator has a very simple mathematical structure and is easy to implement. Numerical simulations and experimental results using a mobile robot in an indoor environment are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. The second section describes the design of a …
The Differential Effects Of Two Critical Osteoclastogenesis Stimulating Factors On Bone Biomechanics, Yuyu Yuan
The Differential Effects Of Two Critical Osteoclastogenesis Stimulating Factors On Bone Biomechanics, Yuyu Yuan
All Dissertations
Many skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis and malignant bone metastases, are generally osteolytic and associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone strength. Within a complex cytokine environment, the proteins RANKL and M-CSF are critical for osteoclast differentiation and activation, and thus fundamental effectors of osteolytic disorders. Previous studies showed that M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and early differentiation of osteoclast progenitors to osteoclast lineage, while RANKL targets the later stages of fusion and activation, and stimulates the formation of functional active osteoclasts. However, impacts of artificially elevated levels of these proteins on the skeleton system have not been fully characterized. …
Numerical And Physical Modeling Of Turbulent Shear Flows, John Raiford
Numerical And Physical Modeling Of Turbulent Shear Flows, John Raiford
All Dissertations
This dissertation is an evaluation of popular turbulence schemes; both three dimensional and depth-averaged, and also includes an experimental study on shallow near bed jets. The three dimensional and RNG turbulent closure schemes are evaluated for free and bounded shear flows. For free shear flows (circular and plane turbulent jets), the scheme with standard coefficient performs equally well and in some cases better than the renormalized group scheme in predicting growth rate, decay of centerline velocity and longitudinal velocity profiles. For turbulent kinetic energy across the jet, the inner region is better predicted by the RNG scheme.
The second case …
Design And Development Of An In-House Scanning Tunneling Microscope System, Esvar Subramanian
Design And Development Of An In-House Scanning Tunneling Microscope System, Esvar Subramanian
All Theses
ABSTRACT
The invention of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer in 1982 eliminated the use of optical lenses and replaced the conventional optical microscopes with a new class of microscopes called the Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM). Because of their unique characteristics such as higher resolution and acquisition of nano level images without affecting the physical properties of the sample, they have found wide applications in a variety of scientific disciplines such as biology, material science and electrochemistry. After considerable advancements in instrumentation, the STM has evolved as a nanomanipulation and nanofabrication tool. It operates in two modes: constant …
Software Development For Mechatronics Systems: Simulation Of Multiple Uav Navigation And Device Driver Interface For The Q4 Data Acquisition Card, Ninad Pradhan
All Theses
Mechatronics systems are often a close interleaving of different aspects of hardware, software, control and mechanical design. Two such aspects are delved into in greater detail for this thesis, both related to software development.
Simulations are used to know the practical conditions under which a control design is effective. The system simulated in this case was a multiple vehicle system, where the vehicles navigated from source to a destination configuration avoiding two different kinds of obstacles.
Post simulation, a system is implemented using hardware and tested using an experimental setup. Data Acquisition Boards such as the Quanser Q4 are used …
Spatial Sensors For Quantitative Assessment Of Retrieved Arthroplasty Bearings, Melinda Harman
Spatial Sensors For Quantitative Assessment Of Retrieved Arthroplasty Bearings, Melinda Harman
All Dissertations
Evaluation of retrieved joint arthroplasty bearings provides unique evidence related to the physiological environment in which bearing materials are expected to perform. This dissertation describes the development of novel spatial sensors and measurement strategies for standardized, quantitative assessments of arthroplasty bearings, including total knee replacements, unicompartmental knee replacements, and total hip replacements. The approach is to assess bearings that endured a finite duration of function in patients, with particular emphasis on expanding our understanding of the biomechanical conditions specific to bearing function and wear in the physiological environment. Several quantifiable parameters are identified that prove comparable to pre-clinical in vitro …
Viability, Functionality, And Genetic Assessment Of Cells After Laser Guidance, Tabitha Rosenbalm
Viability, Functionality, And Genetic Assessment Of Cells After Laser Guidance, Tabitha Rosenbalm
All Theses
We systematically vary the controllable laser parameters, namely, wavelength, intensity, and exposure time of the laser on single cells to clearly establish laser parameters that allow negligible cell damage with significant cellular position control. To accomplish this goal, embryonic day 7 (E7) chick forebrains neurons were cultured with control and test cells selected one hour after seeding to allow attachment, at which time test cells were subjected to the laser. Cells were imaged at 4, 12, 24, and 36 hours after laser exposure to evaluate viability and functionality by using the Live/Dead Viability Cytotoxicity Kit (Molecular Probes L3224) and measuring …
Evaluating The Impacts Of Accelerated Incident Clearance Tools And Strategies By Harnessing The Power Of Microscopic Traffic Simulation , Ryan Fries
All Dissertations
Traffic incidents cause Americans delay, waste fuel, cause injuries, and create toxic emissions. Transportation professionals have implemented a variety of tools to manage these impacts and researchers have studied their effectiveness, illustrating a wide range between different tools and locations. To improve this state of knowledge, this dissertation sought to 1) identify prominent and effective incident management strategies, 2) model six selected incident management strategies within five highway corridors in South Carolina, and 3) apply benefit-cost analysis to evaluate the impact of various combinations of these strategies.
To meet these objectives, the author evaluated published literature of the selected strategies, …
An Efficient Analysis Of Vertical Dipole Antennas Above A Lossy Half-Space , Yongfeng Huang
An Efficient Analysis Of Vertical Dipole Antennas Above A Lossy Half-Space , Yongfeng Huang
All Theses
The electromagnetic modeling of radiation by vertical dipole antennas above a lossy half-space has become an important subject due to many applications where these dipoles are involved. The modeling often encounters Sommerfeld-type integrals that are normally highly oscillatory with poor convergence. Recently, an efficient computation of the electric field radiated by an infinitesimal electric dipole above a lossy half-space has been reported, in which the Sommerfeld-type integrals are reduced to rapidly-converging integrals. Taking advantage of such efficiently-calculated electric field and using it as the Green's function, in this thesis, an electric field integral equation (EFIE) is formulated for the analysis …
Development Of Prediction Models To Measure Vendor Performance In Surveillance And Auditing Of Aircraft Maintenance, Nikhil Iyengar
Development Of Prediction Models To Measure Vendor Performance In Surveillance And Auditing Of Aircraft Maintenance, Nikhil Iyengar
All Dissertations
Elimination of aviation accidents is one of the primary goals of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the airline industry. A leading cause of aviation accidents is lack of oversight of various organizational issues, in particular, the organization's maintenance operation performance. The technologies used in the industry generate multiple risks, mostly from three domains: systems, hardware and people. Maintenance performance analyses identify the inherent risk in distributed, large-scale systems. Analysis of existing aviation maintenance data is a crucial step in meeting the aviation industry's need to improve aviation safety. Presently, we lack suitable tools to analyze large bodies of maintenance …
Minimum Sample Size Needed To Construct Cushion Curves Based On The Stress-Energy Method, Patricia Marcondes
Minimum Sample Size Needed To Construct Cushion Curves Based On The Stress-Energy Method, Patricia Marcondes
All Theses
Cushion curves are graphical tools used by protective package designers to evaluate and choose foamed cushioning materials. Thousands of samples and hundreds of laboratory hours are needed to produce a full set of cushion curves according to the ASTM procedure D 1596. The stress-energy method considerably reduces the number of samples needed to construct cushion curves for closed-cell cushioning materials. Consequently the laboratory and data analysis time are reduced as well.
The stress-energy method was used to find the minimum sample size needed to construct cushion curves for closed-cell cushioning materials. A reference set of data collected for ARCEL Resin¨ …
Kinetics Of Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Photopolymerization And Synthesis Of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes, Santosh Rahane
Kinetics Of Surface-Initiated Photoiniferter-Mediated Photopolymerization And Synthesis Of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes, Santosh Rahane
All Dissertations
The focus of this research is to understand the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization (SI-PMP) and exploit the robustness of SI-PMP to synthesize stimuli-responsive polymer brushes. The 'living' characteristics of dithiocarbamate-based photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization are well documented. However, in this dissertation I show that the growth of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes by SI-PMP is nonlinear, suggesting loss of radicals during SI-PMP and, in turn, non-living characteristics. Results from kinetic models in conjunction with experimental results suggest that irreversible bimolecular termination reactions are a primary culprit for the loss of radicals during SI-PMP. To overcome this problem of irreversible …
Optimal Placement Of Metal Foils In Ultrasonic Consolidation Process, Raji Rexavier
Optimal Placement Of Metal Foils In Ultrasonic Consolidation Process, Raji Rexavier
All Theses
Ultrasonic Consolidation is a combination of additive and subtractive
manufacturing processes resulting in considerable material waste. This waste is a
function of the geometry of the part being manufactured and of the relative
placement of the layer with respect to the metal bands. Thus the waste may be
minimized by careful choice of the layer angle and offset from the original
position.
Previous work done in this field had developed an automated algorithm which
optimally places and orients the individual slices of the STL file of the artifact
being manufactured. However, the problem was solved on a 2-D scale and …
Development And In Vitro Examination Of Materials For Osseointegration, Sahil Jalota
Development And In Vitro Examination Of Materials For Osseointegration, Sahil Jalota
All Dissertations
Bone is a connective tissue with nanosized particles of carbonated apatitic calcium phosphate dispersed in a hydrated collagen matrix. With the ageing of the baby boomer population, an increasing number of people sustain bone fractures and defects. Hence, efforts are underway to develop materials to hasten the healing and repairing of such defects. These materials are termed as artificial bone substitutes.
This study represents innovative techniques for development of bone implant materials and improving the existing substitute materials. Emphasis was on three different kinds of materials: Metals (titanium and alloys), Ceramics (calcium phosphates), and Polymers (collagen). The bioactivity of titanium …
Linear And Non-Linear Control Of A Quadrotor Uav, Andrew Neff
Linear And Non-Linear Control Of A Quadrotor Uav, Andrew Neff
All Theses
This thesis describes two controllers designed specifically for a quadrotor helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A linear controller and a non-linear controller are discussed for use on the quadrotor helicopter using feedback that is obtained from microelectromechanical systems and GPS.
The linear controller is an orientation based PID controller that controls the angles of the quadrotor UAV. The controller was first simulated and the results displayed graphically using FlightGear. Experiments were conducted using this controller on a DraganFlyer X-Pro quadrotor helicopter to prove the proposed method used for closing the feedback loop.
The non-linear controller is developed using Lyapunov stability …
Isomap Tracking With Particle Filter, Nikhil Rane
Isomap Tracking With Particle Filter, Nikhil Rane
All Theses
The problem of tracking an object in an image sequence involves challenges like translation, rotation, scaling, varying ambient light and occlusions. A model of an object is built off-line by making a training set with images of the object with different poses. A dimensionality reduction technique is used to capture the variations in the training images. This gives a low-dimensional representation of the data. Isometric feature mapping is the dimensionality reduction technique used to capture the true degrees of freedom in the data. Once the data is reduced to low-dimensions it forms a part of the state-vector of the object. …
Analysis Of Ride Quality Of Tractor Semi-Trailers, Christopher Spivey
Analysis Of Ride Quality Of Tractor Semi-Trailers, Christopher Spivey
All Theses
This thesis develops parameter variation techniques for calculating the set of vehicle parameters that result in the best ride comfort for the driver. The model is a fifteen degree-of-freedom (15 DOF) tractor semi-trailer vertical dynamic ride model. The modeling and simulation techniques used in this thesis are extensions of the research performed by Trangsrud and Vaduri. Features of the model include suspension characteristics for (a) each of the five axles (tractor steer axle, two tractor drive axles, and two trailer axles), (b) tires, (c) a flexible engine mount, (d) the tractor cab, (e) the driver's seat, and (f) a fifth …
Characterization Of The Ibc Technologies Superlig¨ 620 Solid Phase Extraction Resin With Applications For Automated Process Monitoring, John Clements
Characterization Of The Ibc Technologies Superlig¨ 620 Solid Phase Extraction Resin With Applications For Automated Process Monitoring, John Clements
All Theses
Characterization of the IBC Advanced Technologies SuperLig¨ 620 solid phase extraction resin was performed in order to develop an automated strontium-90 process monitor. The main focus was on strontium separation from barium, with the goal of developing an automated separation process for strontium-90 in Hanford high-level tank wastes. High-level waste tanks contain significant cesium-137 activities, of which barium daughters are of great concern as interferences to strontium quantification. A number of complexants were studied in a series of batch distribution coefficient experiments, as SuperLig¨ 620 was not previously known to elute strontium in typical mineral acids. The optimal separation was …
Real Time Prognostic Strategies Application To Gas Turbines, Rajat Sekhon
Real Time Prognostic Strategies Application To Gas Turbines, Rajat Sekhon
All Theses
Gas turbines are increasingly deployed throughout the world to provide electrical and mechanical power in consumer and industrial sectors. The efficiency of these complex multi-domain systems is dependant on the turbine's design, established operating envelope, environmental conditions, and maintenance schedule. A real-time health management strategy can enhance overall plant reliability through the continual monitoring of transient and steady-state system operations. The availability of sensory information for control system needs often allow diagnostic/prognostic algorithms to be executed in a parallel fashion which warn of impending system degradations. Specifically, prognostic strategies estimate the future plant behavior which leads to minimized maintenance costs …
Evaluation Of Different Contra-Flow Strategies For Hurricane Evacuation In Charleston, South Carolina, Liz Stephen
Evaluation Of Different Contra-Flow Strategies For Hurricane Evacuation In Charleston, South Carolina, Liz Stephen
All Theses
The number of category four and five hurricanes has nearly doubled over the past decade. Charleston, the second most populous city in South Carolina, is located on a very low peninsula, making it susceptible to floods during hurricanes and storm surges. In the event of a hurricane, the population at-risk must be evacuated to safety as quickly as possible. The Interstate system is the primary mode to evacuate at-risk population out of Charleston. Effective traffic management strategies are needed to manage the significant increase in demand on highways during the evacuation and contra-flowing traffic has been applied as a strategy …
Design Of A Controller For A Precision Positioning Machine, Joshua Tarbutton
Design Of A Controller For A Precision Positioning Machine, Joshua Tarbutton
All Theses
System identification was used to build an accurate model of a high-precision measurement system. The model built by system identification was compared to modeling by first laws and showed extremely similar results. Pole-placement control design based on the identified system was used to place the systems' dominant poles. The necessary gains to achieve the desired system response were determined by using the identified model and knowledge of the controller structure. The performance of the model-based controller was compared to actual data of the system and showed that control based on the identified model can be used to accurately control the …
Temperature Control Of An Air Shower, Vedik Bobba
Temperature Control Of An Air Shower, Vedik Bobba
All Theses
Accuracy and repeatability in measurement is a primary concern in improving and maintaining the quality of a product in an industry. In the case of coordinate measuring machines, these factors are affected due to the ambient conditions. Specifically, change in temperature affects machine geometry and causes positioning errors. As a result, temperature and humidity control inside the housing has become an important and integrated concern of measuring machine. This research concentrates on the modeling, design, control and validation of an air shower to meet a 20 ± 0.1 ¼C specification.
The optimum performance of the control of temperature of air …
Attestation-Based Remote Biometric Authentication, Thomas Polon
Attestation-Based Remote Biometric Authentication, Thomas Polon
All Theses
Migration from password and token-based authentication in distributed systems requires fundamental changes to the authentication process. A person's biometric data is not a secret, which presents a fundamental difference with other authentication methods. Matching a sample with a database template is secondary to establishing trust in the integrity of the sample. The process is similar to establishing a chain of custody for judicial evidence. In computer systems this is accomplished using attestation architectures. In this paper, a design for a secure remote biometric login system based on an attestation architecture is analyzed. The system uses a commercially available Trusted Platform …