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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 2584
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
An Assessment Of The Accuracy Of An Automated Bite Counting Method In A Cafeteria Setting, Ziqing Huang
An Assessment Of The Accuracy Of An Automated Bite Counting Method In A Cafeteria Setting, Ziqing Huang
All Theses
Advances in body-worn sensors and mobile health technology have created new opportunities for empowering people to take a more active role in managing their health. Obesity has been recognized as a target of opportunity that could particularly benefit from this approach. Self-monitoring of dietary intake is critical for weight loss/management, but currently used tools such as
food diaries require users to manually estimate and record energy intake, making them subjective, prone to error, and difficult to use for long periods of time. Our group is developing a new tool called
the 'bite counter' that automates the monitoring of caloric intake. …
Hydrogen Production By Thermotoga Lettingae Using Spent Fermentation Media Containing Acetic Acid, Archana Ganesh
Hydrogen Production By Thermotoga Lettingae Using Spent Fermentation Media Containing Acetic Acid, Archana Ganesh
All Theses
Biological production of hydrogen (H2) gas from fermentation of agricultural feedstock is one method to produce clean and sustainable source of energy. During fermentation of glucose to H2, acetic acid and carbon dioxide (CO2) by Thermotoga neapolitana, only 33% of the energy contained in glucose is converted to hydrogen. The aim of this study was to use a second thermotogale, Thermotoga lettingaeto ferment sugars and acetic acid in spent media to produce H2. Hydrogen production by this bacterium in fresh and spent media was studied by quantifying the amount of …
Impact Of Channel Conditions On Existing Scour Measuring Instruments, Md Nasimul Hoque Chowdhury
Impact Of Channel Conditions On Existing Scour Measuring Instruments, Md Nasimul Hoque Chowdhury
All Theses
Scour around bridge piers and abutments, is the prominent reason for bridge failures. Bridge failures have substantial effects on economy and human lives. About 60% of the total bridge failures in U.S. can be attributed to scour. In the past, scour has been responsible for several million dollars in bridge repair cost. Given the threat to the bridge infrastructure due to scour, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration has proposed several countermeasures to reduce the impact of bed degradation. One of these countermeasures that is particularly relevant during peak flow periods is the real-time scour monitoring. Scour monitoring involves real-time data …
Application Of Parameter Estimation And Calibration Method For Car-Following Models, Md Rahman
Application Of Parameter Estimation And Calibration Method For Car-Following Models, Md Rahman
All Theses
Both safety and the capacity of the roadway system are highly dependent on the car-following characteristics of drivers. Car-following theory describes the driver behavior of vehicles following other vehicles in a traffic stream. In the last few decades, many car-following models have been developed; however, studies are still needed to improve their accuracy and reliability.
Car-following models are a vital component of traffic simulation tools that attempt to mimic driver behavior in the real world. Microscopic traffic simulators, particularly car-following models, have been extensively used in current traffic engineering studies and safety research. These models are a vital component of …
Modeling Benefits Of Implementing Low Impact Development Practices Within Forecasted Growth Scenarios Of The Reedy River Watershed, Stephen Taylor
Modeling Benefits Of Implementing Low Impact Development Practices Within Forecasted Growth Scenarios Of The Reedy River Watershed, Stephen Taylor
All Theses
For this research, a previously developed comprehensive watershed water quality model for the Reedy River as developed for South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a total maximum daily load (TMDL) assessment tool was used to assess the benefits of using low impact development (LID) designs in future growth of Greenville County, within the Reedy River watershed. The original intent of this model was to provide SCDHEC with a defensible model that could be used to prepare nutrient TMDLs for an area located at Boyd Millpond and the Reedy River …
Corrosion Activity In Precast Concrete Elements And Cementitious Closure Pours, Shabi Abbas Udaipurwala
Corrosion Activity In Precast Concrete Elements And Cementitious Closure Pours, Shabi Abbas Udaipurwala
All Theses
The use of prefabricated elements in the construction of highway bridges has been a common practice in the United States since 1950s. Precast concrete adjacent box beam girder bridges are quite popular given that the precast elements not only have structural capacity to span across the supports, but also form the bridge deck. These bridges have generally performed well during the initial years after construction, but recent failures in Pennsylvania and Indiana have aroused a nationwide alarm to investigate the causes of failure and find solutions to repair these bridges or develop design for new replacement bridges. It was found …
Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns For Nanofluidic Applications, Chen-Chih Tsai
Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns For Nanofluidic Applications, Chen-Chih Tsai
All Dissertations
This dissertation is centered on the development and characterization of electrospun nanofiber probes. These probes are envisioned to act like sponges, drawing up fluids from microcapillaries, small organisms, and, ideally, from a single cell. Thus, the probe performance significantly depends on the materials ability to readily absorb liquids. Electrospun nanofibers gained much attention in recent decades, and have been applied in biomedical, textile, filtration, and military applications. However, most nanofibers are produced in the form of randomly deposited non-woven fiber mats. Recently, different electrospinning setups have been proposed to control alignment of electrospun nanofibers. However, reproducibility of the mechanical and …
Biofabrication Of Scaffolds For Intervertebral Disc (Ivd) Tissue Regeneration, Benjamin Whatley
Biofabrication Of Scaffolds For Intervertebral Disc (Ivd) Tissue Regeneration, Benjamin Whatley
All Dissertations
The ultimate goal of tissue regeneration is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with a cell-based or biomaterial-based tissue that accurately mimics the functionality, biology, mechanics, and cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of the native tissue. Specifically, the ability to control the architecture of tissue engineered constructs plays a vital role in all of these issues as scaffold architecture has an affect on function, biomechanics, and cellular behavior. Many tissue engineered scaffolds focus on the ability to mimic natural tissue by simulating the ECM due to the fact that in each distinct tissue, the ECM serves as a structural …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Thermally Responsive Polymer Layers, Michael Seeber
Synthesis And Characterization Of Thermally Responsive Polymer Layers, Michael Seeber
All Dissertations
Future devices such as biomedical and microfluidic devices, to a large extent, will depend on the interactions between the device surfaces and the contacting liquid. Further, biological liquids containing proteins call for controllable interactions between devices and such proteins, however the bulk material must retain the inherent mechanical properties from which the device was fabricated from. It is well known that surface modification is a suitable technique to tune the surface properties without sacrificing the bulk properties of the substrate.
In the present study, surface properties were modified through temperature responsive polymer layers. After the modification, the surfaces gained switchability …
Joint Location And Dispatching Decisions For Emergency Medical Service Systems, Hector Toro-Diaz
Joint Location And Dispatching Decisions For Emergency Medical Service Systems, Hector Toro-Diaz
All Dissertations
Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems are a service that provides acute care and transportation to a place for definitive care, to people experiencing a medical emergency. The ultimate goal of EMS systems is to save lives. The ability of EMS systems to do this effectively is impacted by several resource allocation decisions including location of servers (ambulances), districting of demand zones and dispatching rules for the servers. The location decision is strategic while the dispatching decision is operational. Those two decisions are usually made separately although both affect typical EMS performance measures. The service from an ambulance is usually time …
A Localized Controlled Delivery System Utilizing A Block Copolymer To Improve The Current Paradigm Of Chemotherapy, Jason Olbrich
A Localized Controlled Delivery System Utilizing A Block Copolymer To Improve The Current Paradigm Of Chemotherapy, Jason Olbrich
All Dissertations
The goal of the field of Bioengineering has always been to bring about a better standard of care for patients. As a field encompassing a broad array of researchers and talents, such improvements often are brought about through the integration of different fields. This work advances the integration of controlled delivery and chemotherapy. The use of cytotoxic chemotherapy has become and will continue to be a powerful tool for the treatment of solid malignancies. Conventional dose scheduling of cytotoxic agents and newer biological response modifiers are investigated under a clinical paradigm initially designed to identify a drug dose that elicits …
Modeling, Control, And Motion Analysis Of A Class Of Extensible Continuum Manipulators, Apoorva Kapadia
Modeling, Control, And Motion Analysis Of A Class Of Extensible Continuum Manipulators, Apoorva Kapadia
All Dissertations
In this dissertation, the development of a kinematic model, a configuration-space controller, a master-slave teleoperation controller, along with the analysis of the self-motion properties for redundant, extensible, continuous backbone (continuum) ``trunk and tentacle' manipulators are detailed. Unlike conventional rigid-link robots, continuum manipulators are robots that can bend at any point along their backbone, resulting in new and unique modeling and control issues. Taken together, these chapters represent one of the first efforts towards devising model-based controllers of such robots, as well as characterizing their self-motion in its simplest form.
Chapter 2 describes the development of a convenient set of generalized, …
Hydraulic Impact Of Porosity Distribution And Hydrologic Characterization Of Porous Pavements, William Martin
Hydraulic Impact Of Porosity Distribution And Hydrologic Characterization Of Porous Pavements, William Martin
All Dissertations
This research focused on the hydrologic characterization of porous pavement and pavement properties that can affect its hydraulic behavior. The first of these properties investigated was the presence of a vertical porosity distribution which can significantly impact the infiltration rate. A method utilizing image analysis was tested and experimentally verified. The representative elemental area (REA) was needed for this imaging method and was found to be 83.9 cm2 (13 in2). To convert the porosity distribution into a permeability distribution the relationship between porosity and permeability was found using homogenous samples. From the resulting permeability distribution an effective permeability was found …
Automated Complexity Based Assembly Time Estimation Method, Essam Namouz
Automated Complexity Based Assembly Time Estimation Method, Essam Namouz
All Dissertations
The overall goal of this research is to create an automated assembly time estimation method that is accurate and repeatable in an effort to reduce the analysis time required in estimating assembly times. Often, design for assembly (DFA) approaches are not used in industry due to the amount of time required to train engineers in the use of DFA, the time required to conduct the analysis, and the product level of detail needed. To decrease the analysis time and effort required in implementing the assembly time estimation portion of DFA, a tool is needed to estimate the assembly time of …
Feeling For Failure: Haptic Force Perception Of Soft Tissue Constraints In A Simulated Minimally Invasive Surgery Task, Lindsay Long
Feeling For Failure: Haptic Force Perception Of Soft Tissue Constraints In A Simulated Minimally Invasive Surgery Task, Lindsay Long
All Dissertations
In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the ability to accurately interpret haptic information and apply appropriate force magnitudes onto soft tissue is critical for minimizing bodily trauma. Force perception in MIS is a dynamic process in which the surgeon's administration of force onto tissue results in useful perceptual information which guides further haptic interaction and it is hypothesized that the compliant nature of soft tissue during force application provides biomechanical information denoting tissue failure. Specifically, the perceptual relationship between applied force and material deformation rate specifies the distance remaining until structural capacity will fail, or indicates Distance-to-Break (DTB). Two experiments explored …
Perfluorocyclobutyl Polymer Thin-Film Composite Membrane Fabrication, Plasticization And Physical Aging, Jinxiang Zhou
Perfluorocyclobutyl Polymer Thin-Film Composite Membrane Fabrication, Plasticization And Physical Aging, Jinxiang Zhou
All Dissertations
Membrane technologies have been used widely in industrial practices such as waste water treatment, sea water desalination, gas separations, pharmaceutical separations, and food and beverage processing to name a few. Among the features that make them attractive are that they are cost effective, highly efficient, scalable, and environmentally benign. The focus of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding and use of polymeric membranes for carbon dioxide separations.
Currently, the largest carbon capture demand lies in the natural gas industry. However, since global warming has become a severe concern for human existence, flue gas cleaning is potentially another very …
Ion Channel-Mediated Hydrostatic Pressure Mechanotransduction In Urothelial Cells, Kevin Champaigne
Ion Channel-Mediated Hydrostatic Pressure Mechanotransduction In Urothelial Cells, Kevin Champaigne
All Dissertations
A majority of men and women aged 40 and over experience lower urinary tract symptoms, including urgency, incontinence, and frequency, which often affect the individual's quality of life. Although often considered a simple structure, the bladder is a complex system with sophisticated sensory and motor feedback mechanisms that allow for the sensation of fullness and pain, reflexive responses to bladder filling, and conscious control over the time and place of micturition. Although disruptions of these sensory mechanisms are believed to cause certain lower urinary tract dysfunctions, the specific mechanisms involved in sensing bladder fullness, distension, tension, or pressure at the …
Theranostic Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Cancer, Thomas Moore
Theranostic Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Cancer, Thomas Moore
All Dissertations
The main focus of this research was to evaluate the ability of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle to mediate drug delivery and enable a non-invasive approach to measure drug release kinetics in situ for the treatment of cancer. These goals were approached by developing a nanoparticle consisting of an inorganic core (i.e. gadolinium sulfoxide doped with europium ions or carbon nanotubes). This was coated with an external amphiphilic polymer shell comprised of a biodegradable polyester (i.e. poly(lactide) or poly(glycolide)), and poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer. In this system, the inorganic core mediates the imaging aspect, the relatively hydrophobic polyester encapsulates hydrophobic anti-cancer …
Factors Controlling Synthesis Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles And The Effect Of Surface Charge On Magnetic Hyperthermia, Bin Qi
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been widely studied in the theranostics application due to their promising magnetic properties, low cytotoxicity and attractive biocompatibility. Despite the numerous studies on the kinetic mechanisms of IONPs synthesis and thus the resulting size, shape and crystallinity; there are still considerable unsolved issues in quantitatively depicting the dependence between particle morphology and the reaction conditions.
To begin to explain some of these phenomena, the kinetic mechanism for the morphology and crystalline changes of IONPs with the ligand/precursor ratio in nanoparticle synthesis was investigated. During the synthesis of nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of iron precursors, …
A Computational Approach For The Rational Design Of Bimetallic Clusters For Ethanol Formation From Syn-Gas, Ming He
All Dissertations
There is currently a growing interest in the catalytic synthesis of ethanol from syn-gas (2CO + 4H2 --> C2H5OH + H2O). A major challenge associated with this direct route is an inability to find a low-cost catalyst that promotes the proper combination of CO dissociation and CO insertion steps, so as to yield ethanol as the primary reaction product. Bimetallic catalysts, in which one metal promotes hydrocarbon production and the other oxygenate production, may exhibit a synergistic effect that can facilitate the formation of ethanol. Given the complexity of this reaction system, a simple trial-and-error approach to catalyst design is …
Development Of An Environmental And Operational Impact Assessment Framework For Connected Vehicle Technology Supported Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Parth Bhavsar
All Dissertations
The efforts of US automobile manufacturers to introduce Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) to the automobile market, and reduce fossil fuel dependency are changing the energy consumption scenario of the US transportation network. The evolution in Connected Vehicle Technology (CVT) is further accelerating the vision of a safe and sustainable transportation system for the 21st century. However, before such system can be an actuality to meet future US transporation needs, a new generation of traffic micro-simulation tools must be developed to evaluate connected vehicle technologies that can support AFVs in the transportation network.
This research focused on developing an evaluation framework …
Advanced Imaging As A Novel Approach To The Characterization Of Membranes For Microfiltration Applications, Milagro Marroquin
Advanced Imaging As A Novel Approach To The Characterization Of Membranes For Microfiltration Applications, Milagro Marroquin
All Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on the design, development and implementation of novel, advanced imaging protocols for the characterization of membranes in microfiltration applications. Oftentimes, membrane characterization studies are done with high resolution microscopy techniques like scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained by these popular imaging techniques are subject to error and their reliability might be, in some instances, compromised because they require drying and metallization of the sample; working under high vacuum and electron beam intensity; and extensive sectioning to retrieve internal information. These factors may disrupt the membrane structure or modify its features. As an alternative …
Model Based Control Of Machining Processes: Exploration Of Bayesian Statistical Methods For Identification And Control, Parikshit Mehta
Model Based Control Of Machining Processes: Exploration Of Bayesian Statistical Methods For Identification And Control, Parikshit Mehta
All Dissertations
Machining process modeling & simulation as well as in-process monitoring and control have been identified as key technological factors to power efficient manufacturing facilities of tomorrow. The effective utilization of process models and in-process control are aimed towards improving profitability of the manufacturing process. To that end, the objective of this research work is to improve machining performance by implementing in-process control using model based control strategies, while considering stochastic models of machining process. Towards satisfying that objective, three research questions are asked.
1) What are metrics of measuring machining performance and which machining process models are important to consider …
Advanced Biomaterials From Renewable Resources: An Investigation On Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites And Co2 Extraction Of Rendered Materials, Jose Orellana
All Dissertations
The annual global consumption of petroleum-based plastics is approximately 280 million tons and is impacting the sustainability of our planet and prosperity of future generations. One solution is the development of bio-based polymer materials with advanced properties for commercial applications. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this dissertation is to investigate the properties of new bio-based materials for broader applications. This dissertation includes two research areas: cellulose nanocomposites, and CO2 extractions of rendered fat. In the first half, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which exhibit excellent mechanical and optical properties, were investigated for the reinforcement of a biodegradable polymer. The properties of …
Mobile Robot Navigation For Person Following In Indoor Environments, Ninad Pradhan
Mobile Robot Navigation For Person Following In Indoor Environments, Ninad Pradhan
All Dissertations
Service robotics is a rapidly growing area of interest in robotics research. Service robots inhabit human-populated environments and carry out specific tasks. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a service robot capable of following a human leader around populated indoor environments. A classification system for person followers is proposed such that it clearly defines the expected interaction between the leader and the robotic follower. In populated environments, the robot needs to be able to detect and identify its leader and track the leader through occlusions, a common characteristic of populated spaces. An appearance-based person descriptor, which augments the …
Optimizing Scm Proportions To Meet Multiple Performance Characters Of Ternary Concrete Mixtures Using Simplex-Centroid Design And Analysis Techniques, Sujay Math
All Dissertations
High performance concrete mixtures often contain multiple cementitious components. Among these, cement is the most expensive in addition to having a higher carbon footprint. Life cycle assessment of cement production reveals that the cement content is the most important factor in determining a concrete mixture's embodied energy and carbon footprint. Compressive strength, an important property of concrete, is directly related to the quantity of cement used in the mixture. However, higher quantities of cement lead to durability issues. The increased concerns about the durability of concrete over the past decade have increased focus on improving the long-term performance of concrete …
Jet Instability And Droplet Formation For Bio-Printing Applications, Leigh Herran
Jet Instability And Droplet Formation For Bio-Printing Applications, Leigh Herran
All Dissertations
The research conducted in this dissertation was done to obtain a fundamental understanding of the formation of droplets in a drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjetting setup when the ink contains a polymer additive. The objective is to precisely control and even predict the forming dynamics and final droplet characteristics (velocity, size and satellite elimination). A polymeric fluid called sodium alginate has been gaining attention due to its highly bio-compatible nature. Solutions of sodium alginate were used as the ink material and in some cases compared with an equivalent Newtonian fluid (same zero-shear viscosity). The droplets were inspected in one of two ways: …
Hierarchical Channel-Access And Routing Protocols For Heterogeneous Multichannel Ad Hoc Networks, Crystal Jackson
Hierarchical Channel-Access And Routing Protocols For Heterogeneous Multichannel Ad Hoc Networks, Crystal Jackson
All Dissertations
In this work, we consider a heterogeneous multichannel ad hoc network consisting of frequency-agile radios with the ability to change their carrier frequency and chip rate over a wide range of possibilities. The radios in this type of network are permitted to utilize multiple non-overlapping channels, and each channel differs significantly in its characteristics such as achievable data rate and communication range. A channel-access protocol regulates access to the channels available, and a routing protocol determines how a packet should be forwarded from its source to its destination through the network. The initial focus of this research is on channel-access …
Towards Viable Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Rahul Amin
Towards Viable Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Rahul Amin
All Dissertations
We explore radio resource allocation and management issues related to a large-scale heterogeneous (hetnet) wireless system made up of several Radio Access Technologies (RATs) that collectively provide a unified wireless network to a diverse set of users through co-ordination managed by a centralized Global Resource Controller (GRC). We incorporate 3G cellular technologies HSPA and EVDO, 4G cellular technologies WiMAX and LTE, and WLAN technology Wi-Fi as the RATs in our hetnet wireless system. We assume that the user devices are either multi-modal or have one or more reconfigurable radios which makes it possible for each device to use any available …
Novel Ceria-Zirconia-Yttria Mesostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, Diffusional Studies And The Effects Of Morphology On Their Properties, Alma Cordova Morales
Novel Ceria-Zirconia-Yttria Mesostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, Diffusional Studies And The Effects Of Morphology On Their Properties, Alma Cordova Morales
All Dissertations
Ceria-zirconia-yttria (CZY) mixed oxides are used as catalyst supports for three-way catalysts for automotive exhaust emission control and in solid oxide fuel cells. By improving the morphology of CZY mesopores it is possible to reduce the sintering of supported noble metals and enhance overall catalyst lifetime and performance. However, limited studies have been published on the synthetic control of the morphology of CZY materials and the effects that CZY pore geometry has on catalyst operation.
To create optimized CZY catalyst supports, novel mesoporous CZY oxides were synthesized via classical sol-gel and evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) methods, obtaining mesostructures that exhibited …