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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 4850

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Superhydrophobic, Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotubes On Si And 316l Stainless Steel With Tunable Geometry, Kimberly A. Stevens, Christian D. Esplin, Taylor M. Davis, D. Jacob Butterfield, Philip S. Ng, Anton E. Bowden, Brian D. Jensen, Brian D. Iverson May 2018

Superhydrophobic, Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotubes On Si And 316l Stainless Steel With Tunable Geometry, Kimberly A. Stevens, Christian D. Esplin, Taylor M. Davis, D. Jacob Butterfield, Philip S. Ng, Anton E. Bowden, Brian D. Jensen, Brian D. Iverson

Faculty Publications

Use of carbon nanotubes to create superhydrophobic coatings has been considered due to their ability to offer a relatively uniform nanostructure. However, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be considered delicate with a typical diameter of tens of nanometers for a multi‐walled CNT; as‐grown carbon nanotubes often require the addition of a thin‐film hydrophobic coating to render them superhydrophobic. Furthermore, fine control over the diameter of the as‐grown CNTs, or overall nanostructure is difficult. This work demonstrates the utility of using carbon infiltration to layer amorphous carbon on multi‐walled nanotubes to improve structural integrity and achieve superhydrophobic behavior with tunable geometry. These …

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Intersection Safety Analysis Methodology For Utah Roadways, Joshua Daniel Gibbons May 2018

Intersection Safety Analysis Methodology For Utah Roadways, Joshua Daniel Gibbons

Theses and Dissertations

Roadway safety continues to be a priority for the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) Traffic and Safety Division. UDOT has participated in and managed several research projects in recent years to determine the roadway segments of highest safety concern in the state. This research has provided UDOT with more tools to assist in safety project prioritization. Researchers in Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Brigham Young University (BYU) have worked with UDOT and the Statistics Department at BYU to create two network screening statistical tools called the Utah Crash Prediction Model (UCPM) and the Utah Crash Severity Model (UCSM) …

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Marangoni Flows During Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation, Douglas R. Tree, Tatsuhiro Iwama, Kris T. Delaney, Joshua Lee, Glenn H. Fredrickson Apr 2018

Marangoni Flows During Nonsolvent Induced Phase Separation, Douglas R. Tree, Tatsuhiro Iwama, Kris T. Delaney, Joshua Lee, Glenn H. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

Motivated by the much discussed, yet unexplained, presence of macrovoids in polymer membranes, we explore the impact of Marangoni flows in the process of nonsolvent induced phase separation. Such flows have been hypothesized to be important to the formation of macrovoids, but little quantitative evidence has been produced to date. Using a recently developed multifluid phase field model, we find that roll cells indicative of a solutal Marangoni instability are manifest during solvent/nonsolvent exchange across a stable interface. However, these flows are weak and subsequently do not produce morphological features that might lead to macrovoid formation. By contrast, initial conditions …

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Nanoreactors: Strategies To Encapsulate Enzyme Biocatalysts In Virus-Like Particles, Joshua W. Wilkerson, Seung-Ook Yang, Parker J. Funk, Steven K. Stanley, Bradley Charles Bundy Apr 2018

Nanoreactors: Strategies To Encapsulate Enzyme Biocatalysts In Virus-Like Particles, Joshua W. Wilkerson, Seung-Ook Yang, Parker J. Funk, Steven K. Stanley, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Enzyme-mediated biocatalysis is generally more selective and environmentally friendly and requires less energy than chemocatalysis. However, factors such as temperature, acidity and the presence of proteases can negate enzyme activity. Encapsulation in virus-like particles is one promising method to mitigate these difficulties. Encapsulation also can be used to create multi-reaction nanoreactors that increase process efficiency by isolating reaction intermediates. To successfully encapsulate enzymes, a variety of methods involving both non-covalent and covalent interactions have been developed. Here we review promising virus-like particle encapsulation strategies, their advantages and remaining challenges.

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Waste Vegetable Oil Properties With Usage And Its Impact On Artisan Soap Making, Jenalyn Thorpe Apr 2018

Waste Vegetable Oil Properties With Usage And Its Impact On Artisan Soap Making, Jenalyn Thorpe

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis examines the impact of vegetable oil usage in industrial and home settings on the properties of the vegetable oil and how its usage in soap affects the final product. Waste vegetable oil (WVO) is often used to make soap as a way to be more environmentally-friendly and create soap at a low cost in developing countries. Two settings are examined: home usage (i.e. short-term, small-scale usage) and industrial (i.e. long-term, almost continuous usage). This thesis found that lightly used oil (household use) had little to no impact on the quality of the oil, except for its scent. This …

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A Route Less Traveled: Principals’ Perceptions Of Alternative Licensed Cte Teachers, Scott R. Bartholomew, Emma P. Bullock, Louis S. Nadelson Apr 2018

A Route Less Traveled: Principals’ Perceptions Of Alternative Licensed Cte Teachers, Scott R. Bartholomew, Emma P. Bullock, Louis S. Nadelson

Faculty Publications

The shortage of teachers prepared to teach career and technical education (CTE) courses, or willing to work in certain locations (e.g. inner city, rural), has motivated the desire to explore solutions such as alternative routes to teacher licensure (ARL). Most ARL programs bypass colleges of education and provide a different approach to preparing individuals to teach, leaving many to wonder about the quality and knowledge of these teachers. Specific areas, such as CTE, have seen a large influx of ARL teachers in recent years. We sought to determine school principals’ perceptions of ARL CTE teachers. We found principal support for …

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Evolution Of Mg Az31 Twin Activation With Strain: A Machine Learning Study, Andrew D. Orme Apr 2018

Evolution Of Mg Az31 Twin Activation With Strain: A Machine Learning Study, Andrew D. Orme

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Machine learning is being adopted in various areas of materials science to both create predictive models and to uncover correlations which reveal underlying physics. However, these two aims are often at odds with each other since the resultant predictive models generally become so complex that they can essentially be described as a black box, making them difficult to understand. In this study, complex relationships between microstructure and twin formation in AZ31 magnesium are investigated as a function of increasing strain. Supervised machine learning is employed, in the form of J-48 decision trees. In one approach, strain is incorporated as an …

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Strategic Implications Of Blockchain, William R. Adams Apr 2018

Strategic Implications Of Blockchain, William R. Adams

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis introduces blockchain, the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, and discusses how best to conceptualize it relative to other technologies. Following an explanation of the fundamentals of blockchain, also known as the distributed ledger, I identify the characteristics of the technology. Building upon blockchain’s inherent strengths and limitations, I explore potential business applications of blockchain. Finally, I recommend that leaders continue to track the development and adoption of blockchain technology, even if they decide that implementing it does not align with their organization’s strategy at present.

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Uncertainty In Optical Particulate Counting Sensors, Jared Todd Blanchard Apr 2018

Uncertainty In Optical Particulate Counting Sensors, Jared Todd Blanchard

Undergraduate Honors Theses

To mitigate the health problems and environmental damage caused by the burning of biomass in homes across the developing world, there is an international effort to design clean burning cookstoves that burn with greater efficiency and emit fewer harmful substances. An important tool for gauging the effectiveness of these alternate stoves is the optical particulate counting (OPC) sensor, which comes in many varieties. To facilitate comparison between measurements from different models, a mathematical model and uncertainty analysis method for OPC’s have been developed. These may be applied to any light-scattering OPC. In addition, a low-cost physical system was developed to …

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Lyophilized Escherichia Coli-Based Cell-Free Systems For Robust, High-Density, Long-Term Storage, Mark Thomas Smith, Scott D. Berkheimer, Christopher J. Werner, Bradley Charles Bundy Apr 2018

Lyophilized Escherichia Coli-Based Cell-Free Systems For Robust, High-Density, Long-Term Storage, Mark Thomas Smith, Scott D. Berkheimer, Christopher J. Werner, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a versatile tool for rapid recombinant protein production and engineering. One drawback of cell-free technology is the necessity to store the major components—cell extracts and energy systems—below freezing in bulky aqueous solutions. Here we describe simple methods for lyophilizing extracts and preparing powdered energy systems for CFPS. These techniques allow for high-density storage of cell-free systems that are more robust against temperature and bacterial degradation. Our methods have the potential to decrease storage expenses, allow for longer shelf-life of cell extracts at room temperature, and enable durable portable protein production technologies.

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Streamlined Extract Preparation For Escherichia Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis By Sonication Or Bead Vortex Mixing, Prashanta Shrestha, Troy Michael Holland, Bradley Charles Bundy Apr 2018

Streamlined Extract Preparation For Escherichia Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis By Sonication Or Bead Vortex Mixing, Prashanta Shrestha, Troy Michael Holland, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli-based cell extract is a vital component of inexpensive and high-yielding cell-free protein synthesis reactions. However, effective preparation of E. coli cell extract is limited to high-pressure (French press-style or impinge-style) or bead mill homogenizers, which all require a significant capital investment. Here we report the viability of E. coli cell extract prepared using equipment that is both common to biotechnology laboratories and able to process small volume samples. Specifically, we assessed the low-capital-cost lysis techniques of: (i) sonication, (ii) bead vortex mixing, (iii) freeze-thaw cycling, and (iv) lysozyme …

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Characterization Of Mechanical Properties Of Battery Electrode Films From Acoustic Resonance Measurements, Kathryn L. Dallon, Jing Yao, Dean R. Wheeler, Brian Mazzeo Apr 2018

Characterization Of Mechanical Properties Of Battery Electrode Films From Acoustic Resonance Measurements, Kathryn L. Dallon, Jing Yao, Dean R. Wheeler, Brian Mazzeo

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the mechanical properties of lithium-ion battery electrode films can be used to quantify and improve manufacturing processes and to predict the mechanical and electrochemical performance of the battery. This paper demonstrates the use of acoustic resonances to distinguish among commercial-grade battery films with different active electrode materials, thicknesses, and densities. Resonances are excited in a clamped circular area of the film using a pulsed infrared laser, and responses are measured using an electret condenser microphone. A numerical model is used to quantify the sensitivity of resonances to changes in mechanical properties. When the numerical model is compared to …

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Adaptive Control For Inflatable Soft Robotic Manipulators With Unknown Payloads, Jonathan Spencer Terry Apr 2018

Adaptive Control For Inflatable Soft Robotic Manipulators With Unknown Payloads, Jonathan Spencer Terry

Theses and Dissertations

Soft robotic platforms are becoming increasingly popular as they are generally safer, lighter, and easier to manufacture than their more rigid, heavy, traditional counterparts. These soft platforms, while inherently safer, come with significant drawbacks. Their compliant components are more difficult to model, and their underdamped nature makes them difficult to control. Additionally, they are so lightweight that a payload of just a few pounds has a significant impact on the manipulator dynamics. This thesis presents novel methods for addressing these issues. In previous research, Model Predictive Control has been demonstrably useful for joint angle control for these soft robots, using …

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A Definition And Demonstration Of Developable Mechanisms, Trent Karl Zimmerman Apr 2018

A Definition And Demonstration Of Developable Mechanisms, Trent Karl Zimmerman

Theses and Dissertations

There is an increasing need for compact mechanical systems that can accomplish sophisticated tasks. Technologies like ortho-planar and lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) have been developed to satisfy needs like these by stowing in planar sheets from which they emerge to perform their function. They can be compact, lightweight, monolithic, scalable, and can withstand harsh environments. They are limited, however, by their base element---planar surfaces. Applications requiring these advantages often include curved surfaces, like aircraft wings, needles, and automotive bodies. In this research, developable mechanisms are presented as a solution to satisfy the need for mechanisms that can conform to or …

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Nonlinear Model Predictive Control For A Managed Pressure Drilling With High-Fidelity Drilling Simulators, Junho Park Apr 2018

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control For A Managed Pressure Drilling With High-Fidelity Drilling Simulators, Junho Park

Theses and Dissertations

The world's energy demand has been rapidly increasing and is projected to continue growing for at least the next two decades. With increasing global energy demand and competition from renewable energy, the oil and gas industry is striving for more efficient petroleum production. Many technical breakthroughs have enabled the drilling industry to expand the exploration to more difficult drilling such as deepwater drilling and multilateral directional drilling. For example, managed pressure drilling (MPD) offers ceaseless operation with multiple manipulated variables (MV) and wired drill pipe (WDP) provides two-way, high-speed measurements from bottom hole and along-string sensors. These technologies have maximum …

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Using Collapsible Systems To Mitigate Buckling In Thin Flexible Instruments In Robotic Surgery, Brandon Scott Sargent Apr 2018

Using Collapsible Systems To Mitigate Buckling In Thin Flexible Instruments In Robotic Surgery, Brandon Scott Sargent

Theses and Dissertations

Robotic surgery procedures may include long, thin flexible instruments that are inserted by the robot into the patient. As the robot inserts these devices, due to their geometry, they are prone to buckling failure. To mitigate buckling failure, a support system is needed on the robot. This system supports the device but also adapts to the varying ex vivo length of the device as it is inserted. This work presents four collapsible support systems designed to mitigate buckling failure of long, thin instruments while accounting for changing length. The Ori-Guide is an origami-inspired system that has enabled a part reduction …

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Large-Scale Strength Testing Of High-Speed Railway Bridge Embankments: Effects Of Cement Treatment And Skew Under Passive Loading, Daniel Ethan Schwicht Apr 2018

Large-Scale Strength Testing Of High-Speed Railway Bridge Embankments: Effects Of Cement Treatment And Skew Under Passive Loading, Daniel Ethan Schwicht

Theses and Dissertations

To investigate the passive force-displacement relationships provided by a transitional zoned backfill consisting of cement treated aggregate (CTA) and compacted gravel, a series of full-scale lateral abutment load tests were performed. The transitional zoned backfill was designed to minimize differential settlement adjacent to bridge abutments for the California High Speed Rail project. Tests were performed with a 2-D or plane strain backfill geometry to simulate a wide abutment. To investigate the effect of skew angle on the passive force, lateral abutment load tests were also performed with a simulated abutment with skew angles of 30º and 45º. The peak passive …

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Development, Classification And Biomedical Applications Of Nano Composite Piezoresponsive Foam, Aaron Jake Merrell Apr 2018

Development, Classification And Biomedical Applications Of Nano Composite Piezoresponsive Foam, Aaron Jake Merrell

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the development of and applications for Nano-Composite Piezoresponsive Foam (NCPF). This self-sensing foam sensor technology was discovered through research in a sister technology, High Deflection Strain Gauges (HDSG), and was subsequently developed with some of the same base materials. Both technologies use nano and micro conductive additives to provide electrically responsive properties to materials which otherwise are insulative. NCPF sensors differ from HDSGs in that they provide a dual electrical response to dynamic and static loading, which is measured through an internally generated charge, or a change in resistance. This dissertation focuses on the development of …

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Reinforcing Bar Splice Performance In Masonry With Self-Consolidating Grout, Aaron Brent Roper Apr 2018

Reinforcing Bar Splice Performance In Masonry With Self-Consolidating Grout, Aaron Brent Roper

Theses and Dissertations

The use of self-consolidating grout in reinforced masonry construction provides various advantages such as reduced labor, faster construction, decreased noise pollution and better structural response. This is a relatively new building material however, and little research on self-consolidating grout's structural properties has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance or bond capacity of steel reinforcing bar splices in masonry with self-consolidating grout. Twelve masonry panels approximately 40 in. wide and 32 in. tall consisting of Type S mortar and concrete masonry units grouted with self-consolidating grout and No. 5 steel reinforcing bars were constructed with …

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Quantifying Grain Boundary Atomic Structures Using The Smooth Overlap Of Atomic Positions, Jonathan Lake Priedeman Apr 2018

Quantifying Grain Boundary Atomic Structures Using The Smooth Overlap Of Atomic Positions, Jonathan Lake Priedeman

Theses and Dissertations

In this work, the relationship between grain boundary crystallography and grain boundary atomic structure is examined, using [1 0 0] - symmetric tilt grain boundaries in nickel. The structural unit model is used as a benchmark to evaluate the atomic structure description capacities of an emerging structural descriptor, the local environment representation, which itself is a refinement of the also-emergent Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) descriptor. We show that the local environment representation encodes both the information of the structural unit model and additional information, such as distortion in the structural units and the arrangement of the structural units …

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The Estimation Of The Rapidscat Spatial Response Function, Samuel Gary Bury Apr 2018

The Estimation Of The Rapidscat Spatial Response Function, Samuel Gary Bury

Theses and Dissertations

RapidScat is a pencil-beam wind scatterometer which operated from September 2014 to August 2016. Mounted aboard the International Space Station (ISS), RapidScat experiences significant altitude and attitude variations over its dataset. These variations need to be properly accounted for to ensure accurate calibration and to produce high resolution scatterometer images. Both the antenna pose and the one-way antenna pattern need to be validated. The spatial response function (SRF) is the two-way antenna pattern for a scatterometer combined with the processing and filtering done in the radar system electronics, and is dominated by the two-way pattern. To verify the pointing of …

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Simulation And Experiments To Understand The Manufacturing Process, Microstructure And Transport Properties Of Porous Electrodes, Mohammad Mehdi Forouzan Apr 2018

Simulation And Experiments To Understand The Manufacturing Process, Microstructure And Transport Properties Of Porous Electrodes, Mohammad Mehdi Forouzan

Theses and Dissertations

Battery technology is a great candidate for energy storage applications. The need for high-performance and cost-effective batteries has motivated researchers to put much effort into improving battery performance. In this work, we attempt to understand the elements that affect the microstructure and performance of two battery systems. The first part of this work focuses on the investigation of transport and structural properties of porous electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. A DC polarization method was deployed for tortuosity measurements. An apparatus was designed to flow specified current through and measure the voltage drop over the porous electrodes. Using a modified Ohm's …

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Optimization Methods For A Reconfigurable Ota Chamber, Matthew David Arnold Apr 2018

Optimization Methods For A Reconfigurable Ota Chamber, Matthew David Arnold

Theses and Dissertations

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has enabled increased performance of wireless communication devices. The increased complexity associated with MIMO devices requires more realistic testing environments to ensure device performance. This testing can be accomplished by either very accurate but expensive anechoic chambers, less accurate but inexpensive mode-stirred chambers, or the newly introduced reconfigurable over-the-air chamber (ROTAC) that combines the benefits of both anechoic chambers and reverberation chambers. This work focuses on efficient optimization methods to quantify the performance of the ROTAC. First, an efficient optimization technique that combines convex optimization and a simple gradient descent algorithm is developed that can be …

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Multiplexed Optofluidics For Single-Molecule Analysis, Matthew Alan Stott Apr 2018

Multiplexed Optofluidics For Single-Molecule Analysis, Matthew Alan Stott

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid development of optofluidics, the combination of microfluidics and integrated optics, since its formal conception in the early 2000's has aided in the advance of single-molecule analysis. The optofluidic platform discussed in this dissertation is called the liquid core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (LC-ARROW). This platform uses ARROW waveguides to orthogonally intersect a liquid core waveguide with solid core rib waveguides for the excitation of specifically labeled molecules and collection of fluorescence signal. Since conception, the LC-ARROW platform has demonstrated its effectiveness as a lab-on-a-chip fluorescence biosensor. However, until the addition of optical multiplexing excitation waveguides, the platform lacked …

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An Analysis Of Using Error Metrics To Determine The Accuracy Of Modeled Historical Streamflow On A Global Scale, Elise Katherine Jackson Apr 2018

An Analysis Of Using Error Metrics To Determine The Accuracy Of Modeled Historical Streamflow On A Global Scale, Elise Katherine Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Streamflow data is used throughout the world in applications such as flooding, agriculture, and urban planning. Understanding daily and seasonal patterns in streamflow is important for decision makers, so that they can accurately predict and react to seasonal changes in streamflow for the region. This understanding of daily and seasonal patterns has historically been achieved through interpretation of observed historical data at stream reaches throughout the individual regions. Developing countries have limited and sporadic observed stream and rain gage data, making it difficult for stakeholders to manage their water resources to their fullest potential. In areas where observed historical data …

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Efficient Fpga Soc Processing Design For A Small Uav Radar, Luke Oliver Newmeyer Apr 2018

Efficient Fpga Soc Processing Design For A Small Uav Radar, Luke Oliver Newmeyer

Theses and Dissertations

Modern radar technology relies heavily on digital signal processing. As radar technology pushes the boundaries of miniaturization, computational systems must be developed to support the processing demand. One particular application for small radar technology is in modern drone systems. Many drone applications are currently inhibited by safety concerns of autonomous vehicles navigating shared airspace. Research in radar based Detect and Avoid (DAA) attempts to address these concerns by using radar to detect nearby aircraft and choosing an alternative flight path. Implementation of radar on small Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV), however, requires a lightweight and power efficient design. Likewise, the radar …

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Heterogeneous Templated Grain Growth, Dallin James Frandsen Apr 2018

Heterogeneous Templated Grain Growth, Dallin James Frandsen

Theses and Dissertations

Heterogeneous Templated Grain Growth (HTGG) is a developing method to fabricate designedcrystallographic textures of polycrystalline materials. Designed crystallographic texturesare important for enhancing desired material properties for specific applications. Four steps toHTGG have been identified: fabricating single crystal seeds, aligning seeds embedded into a powdermatrix, compacting seeds in the powder matrix, and promoting templating through sintering.Experimental research was performed on processing parameters, powder particle size and compaction,to indicate template coarsening trends during sintering. The results demonstrated thatlarger powder particles were influenced faster by the seeds crystallographic orientations comparedto smaller particles. The local effects of porosity on the seed and powder interface …

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Stress Modulated Grain Boundary Mobility, Derek Michael Lontine Apr 2018

Stress Modulated Grain Boundary Mobility, Derek Michael Lontine

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis consists of a thermodynamically based kinetic model that more accurately predicts grain boundary mobility (GBM) over a large range of thermodynamic states including changes in temperature, pressure and shear stress. The form of the model was validated against calculated GBM values for Al bicrystals via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A total of 98,786 simulations were performed (164 different GBs, each with a minimum of 250 different thermodynamic states, and 2 different driving forces). Methodology for the computation of the GBM via MD simulations is provided. The model parameters are directly linked to extensive thermodynamic quantities and suggest potential …

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A Cognitive Approach To Predicting Academic Success In Computing, Colby Goettel Apr 2018

A Cognitive Approach To Predicting Academic Success In Computing, Colby Goettel

Theses and Dissertations

This research examines the possible correlations between a computing student's learning preference and their academic success, as well as their overall satisfaction with their major. CS and IT seniors at BYU were surveyed about their learning preferences and satisfaction with their major. The research found that IT students who are more reflective in their learning preference tend to have higher grades in their major. Additionally, it found that student age and their parents' education level were significant players in their academic success. However, there were no correlations found between major satisfaction and academic performance.

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Simulated Tremor Propagation In The Upper Limb: From Muscle Activity To Joint Displacement, Thomas Henry Corie Apr 2018

Simulated Tremor Propagation In The Upper Limb: From Muscle Activity To Joint Displacement, Thomas Henry Corie

Theses and Dissertations

Although tremor is the most common movement disorder, there are few non-invasive treatment options. One of the obstacles to creating effective tremor suppression devices is our lack of understanding regarding where tremor originates (which muscles), how it propagates through the limb (to which degrees of freedom, DOF), and where it manifests most severely (which DOF). To investigate these questions, we created a simple, linear time-invariant model to simulate tremor, with tremorogenic muscle activity input (in the 15 major superficial muscles from the shoulder to the wrist) and joint displacement output (in the 7 major upper limb DOF). The model included …

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