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Articles 61 - 90 of 188
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
The Role Of Si3n4 Amorphous Phase In Nc-Tin/A-Si3n4 Nanocomposites In Increases The Hardness And Thermal Stability, Keba Moto
Makara Journal of Technology
The role of Si3N4 amorphous phase in nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites will be shown and compared with polycrystalline ZrN/Ni which has no such amorphous phase (non-composites). The presence of amorphous phase Si3N4 increases the hardness of film as well as the toughness of the bulk nanocomposites under indentation load. It has been observed that nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites films has higher thermal stability than ZrN/Ni polycrystalline films.
Biodiesel's Characteristics Preparation From Palm Oil, Tilani Hamid. S, Rachman Yusuf
Biodiesel's Characteristics Preparation From Palm Oil, Tilani Hamid. S, Rachman Yusuf
Makara Journal of Technology
Biodiesel’s characteristics preparation from palm oil. Using vegetable oils directly as an alternative diesel fuel has presented engine problems. The problems have been attributed to high viscosity of vegetable oil that causes the poor atomization of fuel in the injector system and pruduces uncomplete combustion. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the vegetable oil into ester (metil ester) by tranesterification process to decrease its viscosity. In this research has made biodiesel by reaction of palm oil and methanol using lye (NaOH) as catalyst with operation conditions: constant temperature at 60 oC in atmosferic pressure, palm oil : methanol volume ratio …
The Effects Of Corrosive Chemicals On Corrosion Rate Of Steel Reinforcement Bars: I. Swamp Water, Sulistyoweni Widanarko, Henki W. Ashadi, Andri Krisnadi Wicaksono
The Effects Of Corrosive Chemicals On Corrosion Rate Of Steel Reinforcement Bars: I. Swamp Water, Sulistyoweni Widanarko, Henki W. Ashadi, Andri Krisnadi Wicaksono
Makara Journal of Technology
Most of infrastructures using steel concrete to reinforce the strength of concrete. Steel concrete is so vulnerable to chemical compounds that can cause corrosion. It can happen due to the presence of chemical compounds in acid environment in low pH level. These chemical compounds are SO4 2-, Cl-, NO3 -. There are many swamp area in Indonesia. The acid contents and the concentration of ion sulphate, chlorides, and nitrate are higher in the swamp water than in the ground water .The objective of this research was to find out the influence of corrosive chemicals in the swamp water to the …
The Effect Of Ca Content On Cao-Zeolite On Nitrogen Adsorption Capacity, Mohammad Nasikin, Tania Surya Utami, Agustina Tp Siahaan
The Effect Of Ca Content On Cao-Zeolite On Nitrogen Adsorption Capacity, Mohammad Nasikin, Tania Surya Utami, Agustina Tp Siahaan
Makara Journal of Technology
In industry, Ca zeolite is used as nitrogen selective adsorbent with the use of PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption)/VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption) methods. Natural zeolite modified to be Cao-zeolite by ion exchange process using Ca(OH)2. Adsorption test was done on CaO-zeolite with different Ca concentration to understand how it’s adsorption phenomena on oxygen and nitrogen. Adsorption test has been done for CaO-zeolite with Ca concentration = 0,682%, 0,849% and 1,244% to oxygen and nitrogen with equal concentration seperately. Pressure variation has being done three times (5 minutes long each time) adsorption time to analyze the connection between adsorption time and how …
Development Of Hardness Measurement Procedure For Nanocomposite Nc-Tin/A-Si3n4, Keba Moto
Development Of Hardness Measurement Procedure For Nanocomposite Nc-Tin/A-Si3n4, Keba Moto
Makara Journal of Technology
Hardness of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites which was determined by using two methods of measurements i. e. depth sensing method and remaining plastic indentation area that were magnified by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) lie in the good agreement. The hardness value is not influenced by the biaxial and residual compressive stress. The measurement of the biaxial stress on the substrate shows a very small value of biaxial stress as well as the constant hardness and crystallite size against annealing temperature. Therefore, the reported hardness value here is the intrinsic value that depend on its microstructure properties.
Cetane Number Booster Additive For Diesel Fuel Synthesized From Coconut Oil, Mohammad Nasikin, Rita Arbianti, Abdul Azis
Cetane Number Booster Additive For Diesel Fuel Synthesized From Coconut Oil, Mohammad Nasikin, Rita Arbianti, Abdul Azis
Makara Journal of Technology
To reduce NOx, SOx, HC, and particulates that produce because of using diesel fuel, can be done by increasing cetane number. One of methods is adding an additive to diesel fuel. 2-Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) is a commercial additive that an organic nitrate. Making an additive in this research is used palm oil by nitration reaction that used HNO3 and H2SO4. Result of this reaction is methyl ester nitrate that has a structure looks like 2-EHN. IR spectra from research show that methyl ester nitrate is indicated by spectrum NO2 at 1635 cm-1. This result show that methyl ester nitrate …
44th Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry
44th Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry
Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance
Final program, abstracts, and information about the 44th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, July 28 - August 1, 2002.
Development Of An Automated Airport Pavement Image Collection System, Chau Lee, C.F. Chen, Shu-Meng Huang, Chun-Jung Hsu, Shu-Wang Sheu
Development Of An Automated Airport Pavement Image Collection System, Chau Lee, C.F. Chen, Shu-Meng Huang, Chun-Jung Hsu, Shu-Wang Sheu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Airport pavement maintenance is an extremely important link in any airport pavement management system. How to quickly and effectively perform pavement surveys and data collection at today's very busy airports, while minimizing disruption to the airport's normal operation, is a major issue in airport pavement maintenance management research. This study uses a van to perform photographic surveys, and employs a global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), image caption device, and the audio acquisition method to develop an automated airport pavement image collection system. This system currently is able to display a pavement image, slab name, and damage location …
Effect Of Sand Ration On The Elastic Modulus Of Self-Compacting Concrete, J. K. Su, S. W. Cho, C. C. Yang, R. Huang
Effect Of Sand Ration On The Elastic Modulus Of Self-Compacting Concrete, J. K. Su, S. W. Cho, C. C. Yang, R. Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In order to study the effect of sand ratio (S/A ratio, fine aggregate volume/total aggregate volume) on the elastic modulus of self-compacting concrete (SCC), concretes with various S/A ratios were cast and tested. Elastic moduli of SCC were compared with those of normal concrete. Slump flow test, slump test, and box test were carried out to evaluate concrete flowability. The flowability of SCC increases with an increase in S/A ratio. However, the elastic modulus of SCC is not significantly affected by S/A ratio when total aggregate volume is kept constant.
Effects Of Carbonation On Mechanical Properties And Durability Of Concrete Using Accelerated Testing Method, Jack M. Chi, Ran Huang, C. C. Yang
Effects Of Carbonation On Mechanical Properties And Durability Of Concrete Using Accelerated Testing Method, Jack M. Chi, Ran Huang, C. C. Yang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of carbonation on mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Ordinary portland concretes (OPC) with water/cement ratios of 0.58 and 0.48 and self-compacting concretes (SCC) with water/binder ratios of 0.40 and 0.36 were used in this study. Compressive strength test, splitting strength test, electrical resistivity test, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), open circuit potential method and alternative current (AC) impedance method were performed to estimate the properties of concrete. Test results showed that carbonation may compensate some concrete properties such as compressive strength, splitting strength, electrical resistivity and chloride ion penetration. …
Fuzzy-Art Neural Networks For Predicting Chi-Chi Earthquake Induced Liquefaction In Yuan-Lin Area, S. G. Chern, R. F. Hu, Y. J. Chang, I. F. Tsai
Fuzzy-Art Neural Networks For Predicting Chi-Chi Earthquake Induced Liquefaction In Yuan-Lin Area, S. G. Chern, R. F. Hu, Y. J. Chang, I. F. Tsai
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this study, a fuzzy adaptive network “Fuzz-ART”, based on adaptive resonance theory (ART) combined with fuzzy set theory is developed to evaluate liquefaction potentials induced by Chi-Chi earthquake in Yuan-Lin area. The proposed system combines the backpropagation algorithm for parameter learning and the fuzzy ART algorithm for structure learning. With the help of case studies, it is shown that the “Fuzz-ART” network is able to predict liquefaction potentials much more satisfactorily than conventional artificial neural network methods. If more data are collected, it may well evaluate liquefaction potentials induced by Chi-Chi earthquake.
A Stability Criterion Of Time-Delay Fuzzy Systems, Cheng-Wu Chen, Wei-Ling Chiang, Ken Yeh, Zhen-Yuan Chen, Li-Teh Lu
A Stability Criterion Of Time-Delay Fuzzy Systems, Cheng-Wu Chen, Wei-Ling Chiang, Ken Yeh, Zhen-Yuan Chen, Li-Teh Lu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
To guarantee the asymptotic stability, a stability criterion in terms of Lyapunov's direct method for multiple time-delay fuzzy interconnected systems is proposed in this paper. Each of these systems consists of a number of subsystems represented by TakagiSugeno fuzzy models with multiple time delays.
Ground Vibration During Gravel Pile Construction, Jin-Hung Hwang, Tung-Yueh Tu
Ground Vibration During Gravel Pile Construction, Jin-Hung Hwang, Tung-Yueh Tu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This investigation performs a field measurement of ground vibration due to gravel pile construction at a hydraulic-filled reclamation land. The ground vibrations were characterized by wave form, Fourier spectrum and response spectrum. The attenuation relation between both peak ground velocity and acceleration with distance was also derived from the measured data. An empirical method for evaluating the safe construction distance to adjacent building structures was presented based on the attenuation relation and a building vibration criterion. Vibration response spectra were also suggested for use with the spectral analysis method to determine more accurately the safe construction distance.
Fuzzy Control Of Dynamic Positioning Systems For Ships, Wen-Jer Chang, Guo-Jang Chen, Yi-Lin Yeh
Fuzzy Control Of Dynamic Positioning Systems For Ships, Wen-Jer Chang, Guo-Jang Chen, Yi-Lin Yeh
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this paper we consider the control problem of Dynamic Positioning Systems for Ships (DPSS). It interests as a case which study in nonlinear controller design because the model exhibits nonlinear interaction in three degrees of freedom (surge, sway, and yaw) by means of main propellers aft of the ship. The DPSS system considered in this paper is modeled by a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) type fuzzy model. By using linear feedback controller design technology, we design a nonlinear fuzzy controller for the T-S type fuzzy-based DPSS. Finally, simulation results show the utility of the present fuzzy control methodology.
Drbem Analysis Of Combined Wave Refraction And Diffraction In The Oresence Of Current, Sung-Shan Hsiao, Ming-Chung Lin, Nien-Chia Hu
Drbem Analysis Of Combined Wave Refraction And Diffraction In The Oresence Of Current, Sung-Shan Hsiao, Ming-Chung Lin, Nien-Chia Hu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A more effective numerical model using the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is presented to study the combined effects of wave refraction- diffraction and currents. The mildslope equation with current effects is reformulated to an inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation. Applying the conventional boundary element method to this inhomogeneous equation, the inhomogeneous part will result in a domain integral which makes the computation complicated and messy. To improve this drawback, the DRBEM is adopted to transform the domain integral to boundary integral. In order to verify the validity of this model, the relative amplitudes around a circular island without current effects …
Modeling Ship,S Routing Bounded By The Cycle Time For Marine Liner, Hua-An Lu
Modeling Ship,S Routing Bounded By The Cycle Time For Marine Liner, Hua-An Lu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper addresses the problem of determining an optimal routing that bounded by the cycle time for marine liner. Through exploring the practical planning procedure of shipping company and analyzing the core of route design, this problem is realized as similar as the traveling salesman problem (TSP), but, with some specially industrial properties. A mixed integer programming model is proposed to optimize ship's routing under satisfying the relationships between the cycle time and deployed vessels with given service frequency in a week. Some constraints, besides, are organized to avoid the routing sequence has separated tours. Intuitively, we also divide the …
An Integrated Computer-Aided System And Parts Component Repository For Shaft Design Automation, Ki-Yin Chang, Gene Eu Jan, Kevin C. M. Fan
An Integrated Computer-Aided System And Parts Component Repository For Shaft Design Automation, Ki-Yin Chang, Gene Eu Jan, Kevin C. M. Fan
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This research proposes an Object-Oriented Database (OODB) system that integrates computer-aided systems and parts component repository to automate a traditional propulsion shaft design for a shipyard. The software system is based on three concepts: an objectoriented graphic user interface, a parametric design, and a shared component database. Calculations of strength, alignment, vibrations, and sag & gap for the shaft design can therefore be completely integrated. All of the data produced in the CAD processes can be managed, integrated and applied in the OODB system. Furthermore, to easily integrate the systems developed at different periods of time, a Common Object Request …
An Investigation On Sr-Doped Spinel Phase-Lisr Xmn _(2-X ) O _4, Hui Zhan, Yun-Hong Zhou
An Investigation On Sr-Doped Spinel Phase-Lisr Xmn _(2-X ) O _4, Hui Zhan, Yun-Hong Zhou
Journal of Electrochemistry
Sr_doped spinel phase_LiSrxMn 2-x O4 was successfully prepared by solid_state method. Structural and electrochemical characterizations were carried out. Although Sr 2+ has a large ion radius_1.12 ,the spinel structure can be well maintained for LiSrxMn 2-x O4 sample as far as the x value doesn't surpass 0.05. Electrochemical study presents supporting evidence that doping the stoichiometric LiSrxMn 2-x O4 phase with Sr is an effective way to improve the cycleability of LiSrxMn 2-x O4 spinel material. A remarkable enhancement of the cycleability with retention of the initial capacity >90 % after 95 cycles was observed for the Sr_doped spinel.
Preparation,Structure And Properties Of Electrochromic Rhodium Oxide Films, Hai-Hong Wang, Tao Wang, Man-Ming Yan, Zhi-Yu Jiang
Preparation,Structure And Properties Of Electrochromic Rhodium Oxide Films, Hai-Hong Wang, Tao Wang, Man-Ming Yan, Zhi-Yu Jiang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Electrochromic rhodium oxide films were prepared on ITO substrate by sol_gel method. The films exhibited reversible two_color (bright yellow at reduction and dark green at oxidation) electrochromic behavior in alkaline solution with good cycle stability. In_situ XRD, TGA_DTA, IR, XPS methods were used for studying the structure and chemical process of the films. The diffusion coefficient during the electrochromic process was measured by electrochemical impedance spectra method. It was found that the rhodium oxide films may be suitable for the use in electrochromic devices.
Syntheses And Photoluminescence Of Zinc Oxide Polyaniline Coaxial Nanowires And Their Array, Zhi-Xin Zheng, Yan-Yan Xi, Ping Dong, Huai-Guo Huang, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Lin-Lin Wu, Zhong-Hua Lin
Syntheses And Photoluminescence Of Zinc Oxide Polyaniline Coaxial Nanowires And Their Array, Zhi-Xin Zheng, Yan-Yan Xi, Ping Dong, Huai-Guo Huang, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Lin-Lin Wu, Zhong-Hua Lin
Journal of Electrochemistry
A novel nanomaterial,zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyaniline (PANI) coaxial nanowires and their array in the template,was synthesized using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as template.The morphology of these coaxial nanowires was observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM).The experiments on photoluminescence (PL) of coaxial nanowires and their array in AAO membrane show that the visible emission band of ZnO shifts from 530 nm to 400 nm and the luminescence is enhanced for the coaxial nanowires array in AAO membrane,and the visible emission band shifts to a lower wavelergth(385 nm) for coatial nanowires in NaOH solution. Possible explanations for these two blue …
Recent Developments In The Electrolyte For Lic _6/Electrolyte/Cathode Battery, Cui-Ying Wang, Sheng-Liang Zhao, Guang-Ming Zhu, Jin-Kua You, Zu-Geng Lin
Recent Developments In The Electrolyte For Lic _6/Electrolyte/Cathode Battery, Cui-Ying Wang, Sheng-Liang Zhao, Guang-Ming Zhu, Jin-Kua You, Zu-Geng Lin
Journal of Electrochemistry
We present a reviewed the development and status of electrolyte for LiC 6/electrolyte/cathode battery. The effect of the salt, solvent, additive and impurity on the conductivity of the electrolyte, formation of the solid_electrolyte_interphase (SEI) and cycle life of the battery were described.
Effect Of Cl - On The Transition Current Density Of Zn During The Electrodeposition Of Zn-Ni Alloys, Ren-He Yin, Zheng-Hua Fang, Wei-Min Cao
Effect Of Cl - On The Transition Current Density Of Zn During The Electrodeposition Of Zn-Ni Alloys, Ren-He Yin, Zheng-Hua Fang, Wei-Min Cao
Journal of Electrochemistry
There exists a transition current density of Zn when the normal co_deposition of Zn_Ni alloys at chloride baths turns to anomalous type.The value increases with Cl - concentration, but is independent of pH, this is because the existence of Cl - decreases the evolution overpotential of Ni metal and has a catalytic effect on it.
Polishing Rate And Dependent Factors Of Copper In Nh_3·H _2o Aqueous Solution Containing K _3fe(Cn)_6 During Cmp, Han-Wei He, Yue-Hua Hu, Ke-Long Huang
Polishing Rate And Dependent Factors Of Copper In Nh_3·H _2o Aqueous Solution Containing K _3fe(Cn)_6 During Cmp, Han-Wei He, Yue-Hua Hu, Ke-Long Huang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Dependence of polishing rates of copper on concentrations of NH 3·H 2O, passivator K 3,γ_Al 2O 3 abrasives and polishing pressures, polishing rotative rates were studied. Dependent mechanisms were explained. It was shown a linear relation between polishing and polishing pressures and rotative rates within some range, non_linear relation between polishing and various reagent concentrations. Preston coefficient was varied. CMP recipe of the best polishing rate was gained: 4%K 3Fe(CN) 6+1%NH 3·H 2O+25%γ-Al 2O 3, K p=0.023 83. Technics conditions were 300 rpm and 80 kpa. The best polishing effect was R a=50 nm, R max =400 nm.
Electrochemical Properties Of Mixed Metal Oxide Coated Titanium Anodes In Seawater, Ting-Yong Wang, Li-Kun Xu, Guang-Zhang Chen
Electrochemical Properties Of Mixed Metal Oxide Coated Titanium Anodes In Seawater, Ting-Yong Wang, Li-Kun Xu, Guang-Zhang Chen
Journal of Electrochemistry
Mixed metal oxide coated titanium anodes prepared by thermal decomposition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurement, while the consumption rate of an anode was also measured in seawater. In order to examine the practical performances of mixed metal oxide_coated anodes, a simulating test on floating dock in seawater has also been carried out. The SEM results indicate that oxide layers exhibited a cracked_mud morphology which endows the anode with good electrocatalytic activity. The electrochemical measurements showed that mixed metal oxide_coated anodes exhibit excellent electrochemical activity and electrochemical stability in seawater. Owing to good corrosion resistance and low …
Corrosive Electrochemical Behavior Of Carbon Steel In Microbiological Medium, Jing Liu, Hong-Bo Fan, Hai-Ping Xu, Jia-Shen Zheng, Li-Ming Xu, Zong-Qiang Mao
Corrosive Electrochemical Behavior Of Carbon Steel In Microbiological Medium, Jing Liu, Hong-Bo Fan, Hai-Ping Xu, Jia-Shen Zheng, Li-Ming Xu, Zong-Qiang Mao
Journal of Electrochemistry
Sulfate_reducing bacteria(SRB)grows and propagates, PH of the solution is dropped from 7.5 to 5.8,and forms the biofilms on carbon steel in culture medium.The micro_environment on the surface of carbon steel is changed under the biofilms,the factors accelerate the formation of the pitting corrosion. When the biofilm on carbon steel is cleaned out,the surface of carbon steel have the non_uniform pitting corrosion. The activity of SRB and the porous structure of biofilms induced the initiation and development of the pitting corrosion of carbon steel.The process of microbiologically induced corrosion(MIC) involves the development of SRB activity,which promotes the permeation of gydrogen into …
Development Of 200～500 W Portable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Power System, Li-Qing Hu, Li-Rong Zhou, Zheng Li, Jian-Wei Xia, Ming-Zhu Fu, Xin Wu, Yun Zhu
Development Of 200～500 W Portable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Power System, Li-Qing Hu, Li-Rong Zhou, Zheng Li, Jian-Wei Xia, Ming-Zhu Fu, Xin Wu, Yun Zhu
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Properties of the Portable PEM Fuel Cell Power Source are very unique compared with the common primary or rechargeable electro_chemical battery. This paper describes the In this work, of the 200～500 W portable PEM fuel cell power system, was developed. The system mainly composed of four subsystem:1)Fuel cell stack;2)Air delivery;3)Hydrogen source;4)Heat dissipation and system control.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formaldehyde On The Proline Film Modified Electrode, Yu-Rong Ma, Qiu-Xia Yang, Guo-Bao Li, Zheng-Kai Xi, Xue-Lin Wang
Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formaldehyde On The Proline Film Modified Electrode, Yu-Rong Ma, Qiu-Xia Yang, Guo-Bao Li, Zheng-Kai Xi, Xue-Lin Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The proline film modified electrode and its electrochemical behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry . After incorporation of Ni(Ⅱ), the cyclic voltammograms of the proline Ni(Ⅱ) film electrode exhibited a typical redox peak, which appeared at potential of 0.52 V anodic and 0.44 V cathodic in NaOH. The formal potentials E ' were linearly dependent on the pH, and the peak currents ip were linearly dependent on the square root of the scan rates,thus charge transfer in the film was controlled by diffusion. The diffusion coefficient is figured out to be 2×10 -10 cm 2·s -1 . The …
Self-Assembled Monolayer Of Schiff Bases On Au Electrode, Ke-Qiang Ding, Qing-Fei Wang, Zhen-Bin Jia, Na Tian, Ning Wang, Ru-Ting Tong, Xin-Kui Wang, Hui-Bo Shao
Self-Assembled Monolayer Of Schiff Bases On Au Electrode, Ke-Qiang Ding, Qing-Fei Wang, Zhen-Bin Jia, Na Tian, Ning Wang, Ru-Ting Tong, Xin-Kui Wang, Hui-Bo Shao
Journal of Electrochemistry
Schiff bases tailored with _SH group,was self_assembled on Au substrate for the first time.The packing degree of this monolayer was described with SEM technique.Spontaneously,the self_assembled monolayer (SAM) was briefly characterized with CV and EIS methods.Though Comparing with the SAM of alkanethiol,the membrane we fabricated was relatively loose,our work is the first step to study Schiff bases by means of self_assembled monolayer.