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Articles 31 - 60 of 184
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Engineering Advanced Material Properties For Polymeric Materials Through Miscible And Immiscible Additives, Chinmay M. Saraf
Engineering Advanced Material Properties For Polymeric Materials Through Miscible And Immiscible Additives, Chinmay M. Saraf
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on engineering polymeric formulations using strategically selected additives or novel processes to achieve advanced material properties. The first chapter reviews the state-of-the-art impact modification and discusses micro-mechanics associated with soft particle toughening of polymeric materials. We present an analytical solution to elucidate the effect of concentration of rubbery domains on matrix yielding and energy absorption. Soft particle toughening relies on particle size, interparticle spacing, and concentration of rubbery phase. The second chapter demonstrates developing impact modified stereolithography (SLA) resins for the superior energy absorption of the SLA printed thermosets. SLA resins are engineered using additives that remain …
Material Property Heterogeneity In Dimensional Lumber And Its Relationship To Mass Timber Performance, Fiona O'Donnell
Material Property Heterogeneity In Dimensional Lumber And Its Relationship To Mass Timber Performance, Fiona O'Donnell
Doctoral Dissertations
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, buildings account for 38% of the United States' carbon dioxide emissions, providing architects and structural engineers a unique opportunity to mitigate a significant factor driving climate change by implementing innovative and sustainable technology in infrastructure design. Wood and mass timber products are becoming an increasingly popular alternative building material due to their economic and environmental benefits. The natural growth of wood leads to highly heterogeneous material properties. Defects such as checks, knots, and localized slope of grain contribute to some of this variation; however, wood properties vary significantly even in clear wood. Using mass …
Electro-Thermal Transport In Two-Dimensional Materials And Their Heterostructures, Arnab K. Majee
Electro-Thermal Transport In Two-Dimensional Materials And Their Heterostructures, Arnab K. Majee
Doctoral Dissertations
”Smaller is better” is the mantra that has driven semiconductor industry for the past 50 years. The on-going quest for faster electronic switching, higher transistor density, and better device performance, has been driven by a self-fulfilling prophecy popularly known as Moore’s law, according to which the number of transistors per unit area of a chip doubles itself approximately every two years. A modern smartphone has about 8 billion transistors, which is as large as current earth’s population. Although each transistor dissipates negligible power, but the collective power dissipation from all the transistors in an electronic gadget and inefficient heat removing …
Direct Printing/Coating/Plating Of Key Components For Electronic Devices, Xiyu Hu
Direct Printing/Coating/Plating Of Key Components For Electronic Devices, Xiyu Hu
Doctoral Dissertations
Miniaturization has been a technological trend for several decades for electronic devices. From the practical point of view, the successful miniaturization of fully integrated systems mainly depends on their components. This dissertation examines the inkjet printing of copper oxide inks on flexible substrates for applications in microfluidic valving systems. We expand the knowledge of low-cost and high-performance electrowetting valves and fabricate the microfluidic device for fluidic control, which is necessary to enable the next-generation microfluidic devices. In addition, we also study the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material, which is a crucial part of electronic devices. The basic theory of EMI …
Harnessing The Mechanics Of Thin-Walled Metallic Structures: From Plate-Lattice Materials To Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls, Fani Derveni
Harnessing The Mechanics Of Thin-Walled Metallic Structures: From Plate-Lattice Materials To Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls, Fani Derveni
Doctoral Dissertations
Thin-walled structures have received a lot of interest during the last years due to their light weight, cost efficiency, and ease in fabrication and transportation, along with their high strength and stiffness. This dissertation focuses on the mechanical performance of thin-walled metallic structures from cold-formed steel shear walls and connections (PART I) to plate-lattice architected materials (PART II) via computational, experimental, and probabilistic methods. Cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls subjected to seismic loads is the focus of PART I of this dissertation. An innovative three-dimensional shell finite element model of oriented strand board (OSB) sheathed CFS shear walls is introduced …
Surface Modification Of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Imparting Non-Native Properties On Sustainable Substrates, Allen C. Chang
Surface Modification Of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Imparting Non-Native Properties On Sustainable Substrates, Allen C. Chang
Doctoral Dissertations
Governments and scientists all over the planet have recognized the importance of pursuing and achieving sustainability. As the human population grows and technologies advance, the planet’s limited resources become less and less able to support our taxing demands. In 2015, the United Nations set forth 17 Sustainable Development Global Goals. Goal 12 “Responsible Production and Consumption” can be addressed quite readily by the integration of sustainable materials into advanced technologies; however, such materials have yet to be developed. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) – an abundant, well-known sustainable nanomaterial hydrolyzed from bulk cellulose with high surface functionality and high strength properties – …
Tribo-Corrosion Response Of Additively Manufactured High-Entropy Alloy, Jibril Shittu, Maryam Sadeghilaridjani, Mayur Pole, Saideep Muskeri, Jie Ren, Yanfang Liu, Ismael Tahoun, Harpreet Arora, Wen Chen, Narendra Dahotre
Tribo-Corrosion Response Of Additively Manufactured High-Entropy Alloy, Jibril Shittu, Maryam Sadeghilaridjani, Mayur Pole, Saideep Muskeri, Jie Ren, Yanfang Liu, Ismael Tahoun, Harpreet Arora, Wen Chen, Narendra Dahotre
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty Publication Series
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with multiple principal elements represent a paradigm shift in structural alloy design and show excellent surface degradation resistance in corrosive environment. Here, the tribo-corrosion response of laser-engineered net-shaped CoCrFeMnNi HEA was evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. The additively manufactured (AM-ed) CoCrFeMnNi showed five times lower wear rate, regenerative passivation, and nobler corrosion potential during tribo-corrosion test compared to its arc-melted counterpart. A significant anisotropy was seen in the tribo-corrosion response with 45 degrees to the build direction showing better performance compared to tests along the build direction and perpendicular to it. The open …
Strain Effects On The Diffusion Properties Of Near-Surface Self-Interstitial Atoms And Adatoms In Tungsten, Bochuan Sun, Dimitrios Maroudas, Brian D. Wirth, Enrique Martínez
Strain Effects On The Diffusion Properties Of Near-Surface Self-Interstitial Atoms And Adatoms In Tungsten, Bochuan Sun, Dimitrios Maroudas, Brian D. Wirth, Enrique Martínez
Chemical Engineering Faculty Publication Series
Tungsten (W) is a candidate for the plasma-facing components and divertor in future fusion applications. The material will be subject to a large particle influx (mainly helium and hydrogenic species) that will form bubbles. As bubbles grow, they compress the material, adding to thermal stresses, and eject self-interstitial atoms (SIAs-isolated or in clusters) to release internal pressure. These SIAs diffuse towards the surface in large stress/strain fields and on the surface are thought to act as precursors for nanotendril formation (also known as fuzz) that develops on the material surface modifying its morphology. In this work we analyze the effect …
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Doctoral Dissertations
A material is considered soft when its bulk modulus is significantly greater than its shear modulus. Rubbery polymers are a class of soft materials where resistance to extension is mainly entropic in nature. Polymeric soft solids differ from liquids due to the presence of a percolated network of strong bonds that resist deformation and flow on a given time scale. The incompressible nature, entropically driven elasticity, and molecular scale network structure of soft polymeric solids combine to impart unique mechanical behavior that often results in complex material responses to simple loading situations. An important example of this is cavitation in …
Market-Conscious Strategies To Improve The Performance And Stability Of Planar, P-I-N Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells, Brandon Dunham
Doctoral Dissertations
Planar, p-i-n (inverted) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells that use low-temperature, solution-processable charge-transport layers have garnered much attention due to their direct compatibility with flexible substrates and cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing. Nevertheless, this architecture has failed to repeatedly achieve the superior power conversion efficiencies frequently attained by its n-i-p counterpart. Additionally, the perovskite active layer has poor stability in the presence of prolonged light exposure, high temperatures, and moisture. In this study, we propose commercially viable strategies to improve the performance and stability of inverted methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. First, we show that a simple two-step method comprising evaporation-induced …
Thermal Transport Modeling Of Semiconductor Materials From First Principles, Aliya Qureshi
Thermal Transport Modeling Of Semiconductor Materials From First Principles, Aliya Qureshi
Masters Theses
Over the past few years, the size of semiconductor devices has been shrinking whereas the density of transistors has exponentially increased. Thus, thermal management has become a serious concern as device performance and reliability is greatly affected by heat. An understanding of thermal transport properties at device level along with predictive modelling can lead us to design of new systems and materials tailored according to the thermal conductivity. In our work we first review different models used to calculate thermal conductivity and examine their accuracy using the experimentally measured thermal conductivity for Si. Our results suggest that empirically calculated rates …
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis aims to extend the understanding and explore the application of temperature-responsive hydrogel systems by integrating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems are immensely investigated and applied in numerous fields, and interfacing with micro- and nano-fabrication techniques will open up more possibilities. In Chapter 2, the first biologically relevant, in vitro cell stretching device based on hydrogel surface instability was developed. This dynamic platform is constructed by embedding micro-heater devices under temperature-responsive surface-attached hydrogels. The fast and regional temperature change actuates the stretching and relaxation of the seeded human artery smooth muscle cell (HASMC) via controllable surface creasing instability. …
Resistive Switching Characteristics Of Nanostructured And Solution-Processed Complex Oxide Assemblies, Zimu Zhou
Doctoral Dissertations
Miniaturization of conventional nonvolatile (NVM) memory devices is rapidly approaching the physical limitations of the constituent materials. An emerging random access memory (RAM), nanoscale resistive RAM (RRAM), has the potential to replace conventional nonvolatile memory and could foster novel type of computing due to its fast switching speed, high scalability, and low power consumption. RRAM, or memristors, represent a class of two terminal devices comprising an insulating layer, such as a metal oxide, sandwiched between two terminal electrodes that exhibits two or more distinct resistance states that depend on the history of the applied bias. While the sudden resistance reduction …
Characterizing Non-Linear Structural, Mechanical, And Volumetric Properties Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Thermosets, Brendan Robert Ondra
Characterizing Non-Linear Structural, Mechanical, And Volumetric Properties Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Thermosets, Brendan Robert Ondra
Doctoral Dissertations
A unifying theme throughout this dissertation employs advanced experimental mechanics, including the design and development of new instruments, testing techniques, and analysis strategies. Chapter 1 covers the design and development of a new instrument for polymer and composite characterization. More specifically, a bi-fluidic, confining-fluid, pressurizable dilatometer (referred to herein as the BFCF-PVT). Whereas both classical and contemporary confining-fluid type pressurizable dilatometers utilize a bellows and / or piston system along with a Linear Variable Displacement Transducer to apply pressure and track volume changes, the BFCF-PVT that was designed and built utilizes a fluid-fluid interface (composed of two immiscible fluids that …
Surface Driven Flows : Liquid Bridges, Drops And Marangoni Propulsion, Samrat Sur
Surface Driven Flows : Liquid Bridges, Drops And Marangoni Propulsion, Samrat Sur
Doctoral Dissertations
Molecules sitting at a free liquid surface against vacuum or gas have weaker binding than molecules in the bulk. The missing (negative) binding energy can therefore be viewed as a positive energy added to the surface itself. Since a larger area of the surface contains larger surface energy, external forces must perform positive work against internal surface forces to increase the total area of the surface. Mathematically, the internal surface forces are represented by surface tension, defined as the normal force per unit of length. One common manifestation of surface tension is the difference in pressure it causes across a …
Engineered Nanoparticles For Site-Specific Bioorthogonal Catalysis: Imaging And Therapy, Riddha Das
Engineered Nanoparticles For Site-Specific Bioorthogonal Catalysis: Imaging And Therapy, Riddha Das
Doctoral Dissertations
Bioorthogonal catalysis offers a strategy for chemical transformations complementary to bioprocesses and has proven to be a powerful tool in biochemistry and medical sciences. Transition metal catalysts (TMCs) have emerged as a powerful tool to execute selective chemical transformations, however, lack of biocompatibility and stability limits their use in biological applications. Incorporation of TMCs into nanoparticle monolayers provides a versatile strategy for the generation of bioorthogonal nanocatalysts known as “nanozymes”. We have fabricated a family of nanozymes using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as scaffolds featuring diverse chemical functional groups for controlled localization of nanozymes in biological environments, providing unique strategies for …
Top-Down And Bottom-Up Fabrication Of Key Components In Miniature Energy Storage Devices, Wenhao Li
Top-Down And Bottom-Up Fabrication Of Key Components In Miniature Energy Storage Devices, Wenhao Li
Doctoral Dissertations
The advent of miniature electronic devices demands power sources of commensurate form factors. This spurs the research of micro energy storage devices, e.g., 3D microbatteries. A 3D microbattery contains nonplanar microelectrodes with high aspect ratio and high surface area, separated by a nanoscale electrolyte. The device takes up a total volume as small as 10 mm3, allowing it to serve on a chip and to provide power in-situ. The marriage of nanotechnology and electrochemical energy storage makes microbattery research a fascinating field with both scientific excitement and application prospect. However, successful fabrication of well-functioned key components …
Bioinspired Complex Nanoarchitectures By Dna Supramolecular Polymerization, Laura A. Lanier
Bioinspired Complex Nanoarchitectures By Dna Supramolecular Polymerization, Laura A. Lanier
Doctoral Dissertations
Bioinspired nanoarchitectures are of great interest for applications in fields such as nanomedicine, tissue engineering, and biosensing. With this interest, understanding how the physical properties of these complex nanostructures relate to their function is increasingly important. This dissertation describes the creation of complex nanoarchitectures with controlled structure and the investigation of the effect of nanocarrier physical properties on cell uptake for applications in nanomedicine. DNA self-assembly by supramolecular polymerization was chosen to create complex nanostructures of controlled architectures. We demonstrated that the supramolecular polymerization of DNA known as hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is in fact a living polymerization. The living …
Engineering Nanomaterials For Imaging And Therapy Of Bacteria And Biofilm-Associated Infections, Akash Gupta
Engineering Nanomaterials For Imaging And Therapy Of Bacteria And Biofilm-Associated Infections, Akash Gupta
Doctoral Dissertations
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a serious global burden of mortality, causing thousands of deaths each year. The “superbug” risk is further exacerbated by chronic infections generated from antibiotic-resistant biofilms that are highly resistant to available treatments. Synthetic macromolecules such as polymers and nanoparticles have emerged as promising antimicrobials. Moreover, ability to modulate nanomaterial interaction with bacterial cellular systems plays a pivotal role in improving the efficacy of the strategy. In the initial studies on engineering nanoparticle surface chemistry, I investigated the role played by surface ligands in determining the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles. In further study, …
Amorphous-Crystalline Brush Block Copolymers: Phase Behavior, Rheology And Composite Design, Gayathri Kopanati
Amorphous-Crystalline Brush Block Copolymers: Phase Behavior, Rheology And Composite Design, Gayathri Kopanati
Doctoral Dissertations
Bottlebrush block copolymers are polymers with chemically distinct polymer side chains grafted onto a common backbone. The unique architecture induced properties make these materials attractive for applications such as photonic materials, stimuli responsive actuators and drug delivery vehicles to name a few. This dissertation primarily investigates the phase transitions and rheological behavior of amorphous-crystalline bottlebrush brush block copolymers and their composites. The temperature induced phase behavior is investigated using time resolved synchrotron X-ray source. Irrespective of volume fraction and backbone length, the samples display strong segregation even at high temperatures (200 °C) and there is no accessible order-disorder transition in …
Polymeric Impulsive Actuation Mechanisms: Development, Characterization, And Modeling, Yongjin Kim
Polymeric Impulsive Actuation Mechanisms: Development, Characterization, And Modeling, Yongjin Kim
Doctoral Dissertations
Recent advances in the field of biomedical and life-sciences are increasingly demanding more life-like actuation with higher degrees of freedom in motion at small scales. Many researchers have developed various solutions to satisfy these emerging requirements. In many cases, new solutions are made possible with the development of novel polymeric actuators. Advances in polymeric actuation not only addressed problems concerning low degree of freedom in motion, large system size, and bio-incompatibility associated with conventional actuators, but also led to the discovery of novel applications, which were previously unattainable with conventional engineered systems. This dissertation focuses on developing novel actuation mechanisms …
Self-Exfoliating And Reactive Polymer (Serp) As A Protection Against Chemical Warfare Agents (Cwas), Soeun Kim
Self-Exfoliating And Reactive Polymer (Serp) As A Protection Against Chemical Warfare Agents (Cwas), Soeun Kim
Doctoral Dissertations
According to the US army report, there are still significant numbers of stockpiles of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) produced during the Second World War. CWAs production and stockpiling were officially outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Nevertheless, some fanatics around the world use CWA as a weapon of mass destruction, such as the Sarin gas attack in Syria in 2013. Since the discovery that toxic pentavalent organophosphorus (OP) compounds has facilitated the development of CWAs as well as insecticides, research on developing protective materials against those toxins have become a priority. Simply, those poisonous molecules are referred to …
Designing Ion-Containing Polymers With Controlled Structure And Dynamics, Joshua Enokida
Designing Ion-Containing Polymers With Controlled Structure And Dynamics, Joshua Enokida
Doctoral Dissertations
Ion-containing polymers are a unique class of materials for which strong electrostatic interactions dictate physical properties. By altering molecular parameters, such as the backbone chemical structure, the ion content, and the ion-pair identity, the structure and dynamics of these polymers can be altered. Further investigation of the molecular parameters that govern their structure-property relationships is critical for the future development of these polymeric materials. Particularly, the incorporation of ammonium-based counterions into these polymers offers a facile method to tune their electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity. Applying this concept, a bulky dimethyloctylammonium (DMOA) counterion was used to modify the organic solubility of …
Capillary Wrinkling And Mechanical Properties: Single Layers, Bilayers, And Composites, Jooyoung Chang
Capillary Wrinkling And Mechanical Properties: Single Layers, Bilayers, And Composites, Jooyoung Chang
Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation, we aim to understand the mechanical properties of thin films and classes of wrinkle patterns of polymer films using capillary wrinkling. We discuss four independent research subjects. In the first project, we measure the thickness (t) dependence of Young’s modulus (E) of polymer thin films. Thin films were measured from bulk thicknesses down to thickness less than the radius of gyration (6 nm). E does not show any systematic change with t, although an increase in modulus was found for the thinnest poly(styrene) (PS) film. The second topic is stretching (Y) and bending (B) moduli of PS/poly(methyl …
Optical-Fiber-Based Laser-Induced Cavitation For Dynamic Mechanical Characterization Of Soft Materials, Qian Feng
Masters Theses
In the laser-induced cavitation (LIC) technique, a vapor-gas cavity is generated in water, or a soft material by focusing an intense laser pulse into the sample. The high-strain-rate mechanical properties of these samples can be investigated through a real-time size measurement of the expanding cavity bubble. Although this LIC technique has been applied to multiple research fields such as mechanical, biological and medical areas. It is possible to simplify and improve this LIC method by introducing optical-fibers. In this approach, we propose to employ an optical-fiber to deliver the intense laser pulse to an arbitrary position of an optical opaque …
Interfacial Interactions And Dynamic Adhesion Of Synthetic And Living Colloids In Flow, Molly Shave
Interfacial Interactions And Dynamic Adhesion Of Synthetic And Living Colloids In Flow, Molly Shave
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis focuses on the interactions between flowing particles and a surface, where hydrodynamics couples with chemical interactions in order to modify the way they come into play. First this thesis shows how electrostatic chemical heterogeneities on a flowing particle affect the interactions with a wall, using a highly tunable electrostatically heterogenous system produced by adsorbing small amounts of cationic polyelectrolytes onto silica particles in suspension and studying their behavior in flow over the fixed surface. By comparing this behavior to a system with equivalent chemical heterogeneity on a channel wall it was shown that the rotation of a particle …
Double-Network Materials Via Frontal Polymerization & Supercritical Co2 Processing, Matthew Joseph Lampe
Double-Network Materials Via Frontal Polymerization & Supercritical Co2 Processing, Matthew Joseph Lampe
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents work focused on producing materials in non-equilibrium states by taking advantage of novel processing techniques. First, epoxy-based resins which can undergo radically promoted, cationic, thermal, frontal polymerization are investigated for their potential use as adhesives. These resins are found to be capable of sustaining propagating polymerization fronts between several different substrate materials, resulting in high levels of adhesion in some cases. In addition, a similar frontal resin was developed that can undergo sequential gelation and frontal polymerization. The gels are formed by radically crosslinking acrylate monomers within the epoxy resin. These gels can then be manipulated, and …
Finite Element Simulation Of Bonded And Mechanically Anchored Shear Interfaces Of Externally Applied Frp Sheets To Concrete And Wood-Concrete Composites, Alaa Al-Sammari
Finite Element Simulation Of Bonded And Mechanically Anchored Shear Interfaces Of Externally Applied Frp Sheets To Concrete And Wood-Concrete Composites, Alaa Al-Sammari
Doctoral Dissertations
Composite construction is prevalent in advanced structural systems where components of different materials are combined in the same structure to improve the performance of strong and economic structural sections. Maintaining continuity between the different structural components to produce monolithic structural behavior is challenging because of differences in the mechanical properties of these materials in terms of stiffness, strength, and ductility. The different components of the composite section are typically joined using adhesives and/or mechanical anchors to produce partial or full composite action. This dissertation discusses two types of shear interfaces intended to result in structural composite behavior. The first type …
Northeastern Species In Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber, Hamid Kaboli
Northeastern Species In Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber, Hamid Kaboli
Doctoral Dissertations
Known in the building industry throughout the world, Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a massive timber building material with outstanding structural, fire, and seismic properties. CLT is a cost-competitive, sustainable construction material is a good candidate as a substitute material for concrete, masonry, and steel, in mid-rise and high-rise buildings. CLT is perpendicular layers of dimensional lumbers usually laminated together and forming a massive structural panel. This dissertation explores the viability of utilizing Massachusetts grown Eastern Hemlock and Eastern White Pine in CLT panels as pure or in conjunction with other high-value wood products. 59% of Massachusetts’ lands are covered …
Mechanical Performance Of Structural Systems With Missing Members: From Buildings To Architected Materials, Panagiotis Pantidis
Mechanical Performance Of Structural Systems With Missing Members: From Buildings To Architected Materials, Panagiotis Pantidis
Doctoral Dissertations
Structural systems are potentially subjected to damage initiating scenarios throughout the course of their service time. Depending on the nature and extent of the damaging event, they may experience significant reduction or even complete loss of their mechanical performance. This dissertation delves into the mechanics of structural systems under the notion of missing members from their domain, investigating types of structural systems: a) multi-story steel framed buildings, and b) materials with a truss-lattice microstructure. Part I of the dissertation investigates the performance of multi-story steel framed buildings under a column removal scenario, developing an analytical framework for their quasi-static robustness …