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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis Of A 3d Package In Microelectronics And Cooling Technologies For An Igbt Thermal Tester In Power Electronics, Abhilash Ramachandran Menon Jan 2010

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis Of A 3d Package In Microelectronics And Cooling Technologies For An Igbt Thermal Tester In Power Electronics, Abhilash Ramachandran Menon

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In the past, compact components such as chip scale packages and flip chip packages were the work horses of miniaturization. However emerging applications are now demanding even higher packaging density which has led to the evolution of 3D packaging, some of the advantages being minimal conductor length, reduce speed limiting inter chip interconnects. This has resulted in the emergence of 3D packaging technologies like stacked package, through silicon vias (TSV), package on package (PoP) etc. In order to address the various challenging requirements, PoP is seen as the leading 3D packaging platform by the system designers and semiconductor suppliers. PoP …


Buckling And Post Buckling Of Structural Components, Shruti Deshpande Jan 2010

Buckling And Post Buckling Of Structural Components, Shruti Deshpande

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Structural members and components, such as shells and trusses of different geometries, form the intricate and deep seated parts in the manufacturing of missiles submarines, rockets, airplanes, automobiles etc and find applications in civil structures such as bridges. These members are comprised of components like conical frusta, cylindrical panels and shallow trusses. In many cases, the sole purpose of such shell structures is to absorb the energy generated due to impact which means, that these structures are subjected to heavy loads and can experience failure due to buckling. The objective of this work is to study the buckling and post …


Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Of 3d Gas Turbine Blade Using Differerential Evolution Method, Darshak Joshi Jan 2010

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Of 3d Gas Turbine Blade Using Differerential Evolution Method, Darshak Joshi

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This paper outlines the aerodynamics shape optimization process of a 3D VKI gas turbine blade using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and differential evolution optimization method. The main objective of this work is to improve outlet total pressure for better aerodynamic performance. This benefit is achieved by optimizing the stacking line path of the turbine blade in 3D annular cascade for which higher exit total pressure is achieved. The optimization process starts with generating a 3D annular cascade with a boundary domain and meshing it using GAMBIT and is then solved in FLUENT using viscous flow analysis. The original stacking line …


Simulation Of Indeterminate Multi-Point Impact And Contact With Friction, Adrian Rodriguez Jan 2010

Simulation Of Indeterminate Multi-Point Impact And Contact With Friction, Adrian Rodriguez

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This work presents a method for determining the post-impact behavior of a rigid-body undergoing simultaneous, multiple impacts with friction. A discrete algebraic model is used with an event-driven function which finds impact events. In this work, the indeterminate nature of the equations of motion encountered at impact are examined. A velocity constraint is developed based on the rigid-body assumption to address the equations and an impact law is used to determine the impulsive forces. The slip-state of each contact point is then determined and appropriate methods are used to resolve the post-impact velocities. Friction is treated as a complementarity problem …


Reanalysis For Static And Steady State Structure Response, Kunal Rohit Parikh Jan 2010

Reanalysis For Static And Steady State Structure Response, Kunal Rohit Parikh

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Reanalysis of a structure has become very important in structural analysis, as it reduces the cost and the computational time required to measure the response of the structure after it has been modified. As the importance of reanalysis has become clear, more and more research has been carried out in the field of reanalysis, which has lead to many different methods to carry out reanalysis. There are various methods which can be used for any single structural reanalysis problem and it would give us different results depending upon the method selected. Due to lot of methods which are available to …


Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability In Reactive Mixtures., Madhuri Ungarala Jan 2010

Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability In Reactive Mixtures., Madhuri Ungarala

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This research analyzes the effect of reactivity on the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability with particular emphasis on the velocity and wave number scaling and on the effect of free detonation instability modes on the interface corrugation rate. This analysis is performed by solving numerically for the first order perturbation generated by the shock-induced acceleration of an initially corrugated interface. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of mixture reactivity on the process supported by a shock sweeping across a corrugated interface from high density to low density fluid. This scenario is antithetical to the classical Richtmyer analysis where transmitted …


Analysis Of Thrust Development In A Pulse Detonaton Engine, Kishore Nekkanti Jan 2010

Analysis Of Thrust Development In A Pulse Detonaton Engine, Kishore Nekkanti

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Pulse detonation engines (PDE) employ detonation waves to compress and burn the fuel and oxidizer mixture which results in the release of high pressure and temperature. The objective of the present study is to analytically model the PDE cycle and to study the pressure, temperature, velocity and density distributions during the Taylor rarefaction wave, reflected rarefaction wave and the blow down process. A two-dimensional supersonic nozzle is designed analytically by using the method of characteristics. The average values of nozzle thrust for one PDE cycle are calculated analytically using the impulse function and thrust coefficient. The variation of PDE thrust …


Multiscale Modeling Of Targeted Drug Delivery And Diep Flap Perfusion, Manohara Mariyappa Jan 2010

Multiscale Modeling Of Targeted Drug Delivery And Diep Flap Perfusion, Manohara Mariyappa

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Advances in computational techniques have changed diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases. This thesis work is composed of developing computational models in two application areas: nanomedicine and determining DIEP flap perfusion for reconstructive surgery. Nanomedicine poses a new frontier in medical technology with the advantages of targeted delivery and patient specific medicine. Current advances in nanomedicine are aiding the discovery and rationale design of many new classes of nanoparticles as drug delivery vectors for cancer treatment and image enhancing. An important advantage of targeted drug delivery is reduced drug dosage that enables the minimization of adverse effects associated with elevated …


Thermal Management Of Outside Plant Telecommunication Cabinets: Design And Cfd Modeling Methodology, Feroz Ahamed Iqbal Mariam Jan 2010

Thermal Management Of Outside Plant Telecommunication Cabinets: Design And Cfd Modeling Methodology, Feroz Ahamed Iqbal Mariam

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Over the years there has been a steady increase in the number of transistors being packed into the same footprint of a die, which has led to an increase in the power densities of electronics. The thermal management of electronic equipment therefore is becoming an integral part of packaging design. Access networks provide the last mile of connectivity for the telecommunication network users. In the access network, the outside plant telecommunication cabinets houses electronic components and switching devices. These cabinets are standalone outdoor cabinets and many a times they are located in hostile environments. Therefore, it is necessary that these …


A Low Cost Micro Scale Cyclone Seperator- Design And Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis, Deval Pandya Jan 2010

A Low Cost Micro Scale Cyclone Seperator- Design And Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis, Deval Pandya

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Microparticle separation process has a variety of application varying from application in biological and biomedical industries for analysis and diagnosis, in biogas manufacturing to separate phases as well as in defense sector for detection of biological weapons like anthrax. Available electrical, magnetic, acoustic and various other methods are either very costly or not portable. The proposed design of micro scale cyclone separator is low cost as well as portable and easy to manufacture. Huge cyclone separators are widely used in various industries since decades but due to lack of research in micro scale cyclones no direct and sufficient data is …


Effect Of Friction On The Zel'dovich Von Neumann Doring To Chapman Jouguet Transition, Sushma Rao Jan 2010

Effect Of Friction On The Zel'dovich Von Neumann Doring To Chapman Jouguet Transition, Sushma Rao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Detonation theory proposes Chapman-Jouguet state of equilibrium due to the sonic speed of the products relative to the wave. Experimental observations however indicated the existence of a sub-Chapman-Jouguet state. The dissertation proposes that friction plays a role in defining such a sub-optimal state in detonation wave propagation in ducts. The problem is addressed analytically by decoupling the friction losses from the chemical reactions. The non-equilibrium conditions associated with detonation is modeled by detailed chemistry.


Multi Objective Thermal And Energy Based Design Optimization Of Telecommunication Cabinets/Shelters, Bharathkrishnan Muralidharan Jan 2010

Multi Objective Thermal And Energy Based Design Optimization Of Telecommunication Cabinets/Shelters, Bharathkrishnan Muralidharan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The miniaturization and convergence of the consumer electronic products such as cell phones and digital cameras has necessitated an increase in the number of transistors on a die, board and systems. This has resulted in a requirement for a more robust thermal management of such electronics to increase the reliability of the system. Access networks provide the last mile of connectivity for the telecommunication network users. In the access network, the outside plant telecommunication cabinets houses electronic components and switching devices. These cabinets are standalone outdoor enclosures, and many a times they are located in hostile environments. With the current …


Experimental Study Of Micro-Vortex Generators At Mach 2.5, Adam J. Pierce Jan 2010

Experimental Study Of Micro-Vortex Generators At Mach 2.5, Adam J. Pierce

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Vortex generators are geometrical shapes that produce trailing vortices and are widely used for their ability to improve the flow quality over areas where flow separation may occur. Current topics involve utilizing the performance capabilities of vortex generators to influence the boundary layer under supersonic conditions. Such influence may provide an alternative means of reducing boundary layer flow separation and improving the overall quality of the flow in the boundary layer. This influence would maintain low drag in supersonic inlets and reduce the need for mechanical equipment used for boundary layer bleed leading to a reduction in aircraft weight and …


Experimental Investigation Of Thermal Behaviour Of Air Foil Bearings, Ramesh Pandeshwara Sadashiva Jan 2010

Experimental Investigation Of Thermal Behaviour Of Air Foil Bearings, Ramesh Pandeshwara Sadashiva

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Micro-turbo machinery demands gas bearings to ensure compactness, lightweight and extreme temperature operation. Gas bearings with large stiffness and damping, and preferably of low cost, will enable successful commercial applications. One of the gas bearing which is used for experimental investigation is the Air foil bearing. Previously developed test rig has been modified and further developed for investigating this bearing at various temperatures and speeds. These gas bearings are self acting hydrodynamic air bearings which have been successfully applied to a variety of turbo machinery applications. This new modified test rig also has the capability to measure bearing torque during …


Analysis And Design Of A Two-Wheeled Robot With Multiple User Interface Inputs And Vision Feedback Control, Eric Stephen Olson Jan 2010

Analysis And Design Of A Two-Wheeled Robot With Multiple User Interface Inputs And Vision Feedback Control, Eric Stephen Olson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis describes the development of a small, inexpensive, controllable mobile two-wheeled robot. It also describes the development of a software interface which allows several open- and closed-loop control methods to be easily implemented. The developed hardware and software modules provide for an open and modular system for research purposes. This is demonstrated through the Bluetooth wireless control of the robot using LabVIEW based software modules. The open-loop control inputs implemented are sliders in a LabVIEW GUI, joystick, and voice commands. The closed-loop control methods included a PD control algorithm that guides the robot to go directly to a user …


Applications Of Sensitivity Data To Eigensolution Reanalysis Of Modified Structures, Chandrashekhar Sureshchandra Patadia Jan 2010

Applications Of Sensitivity Data To Eigensolution Reanalysis Of Modified Structures, Chandrashekhar Sureshchandra Patadia

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Methods of computing eigensolution sensitivity have been known for a long time. Both exact and approximate methods are available in the literature. While eigenvalue sensitivity is used routinely in structural optimization with eigenvalue constraints, few application of eigenvector derivatives are reported in the literature. The objective of this thesis is to present an effective eigensolution reanalysis approach using first and second order eigenvector sensitivity data. In the proposed new approach, modes shapes and their derivatives are used as basis vector for eigensolution of the modified system. Comparison of numerical results with several existing eigensolution reanalysis methods shows the proposed algorithms …


Inverse Design Of Airfoils Using A Flexible Membrane Method, Kamon Thinsurat Jan 2010

Inverse Design Of Airfoils Using A Flexible Membrane Method, Kamon Thinsurat

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The Modified Garabedian Mc-Fadden (MGM) method is used to inversely design airfoils. The Finite Difference Method (FDM) for Non-Uniform Grids was developed to discretize the MGM equation for numerical solving. The Finite Difference Method (FDM) for Non-Uniform Grids has the advantage of being used flexibly with an unstructured grids airfoil. The commercial software FLUENT is being used as the flow solver. Several conditions are set in FLUENT such as subsonic inviscid flow, subsonic viscous flow, transonic inviscid flow, and transonic viscous flow to test the inverse design code for each condition. A moving grid program is used to create a …


Effective Thermal Management Of Electronic Devices From System To Die Level, Saket Karajgikar Jan 2010

Effective Thermal Management Of Electronic Devices From System To Die Level, Saket Karajgikar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

In any electronic device, the resistance to the flow of current through the transistors, interconnects, etc. results in a significant heat generation. If this heat is not removed from the device by providing appropriate cooling solutions, the possibility of thermal run away is very high. Under this condition the temperature would continue to rise until it reaches a point at which the device ceases to operate or loses its physical integrity. In presence of a cooling mechanism, the temperature rise is moderated as it asymptotically reaches an acceptable steady state value. Before any device is introduced in the market, it …


Formation Of Au Nanoparticles Through Reaction Of Na₃Au(So₃)₂ By Electrochemically Evolved Hydrogen, Yi Jiun Li Jan 2010

Formation Of Au Nanoparticles Through Reaction Of Na₃Au(So₃)₂ By Electrochemically Evolved Hydrogen, Yi Jiun Li

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Hydrogen evolution during electrochemical deposition has long been regarded as undesired and deliberately suppressed since small hydrogen bubbles could cause a rough surface of deposits. Here, we demonstrate a new role for electrochemically evolved hydrogen, serving as both templates and reducing agents for synthesizing Au nanoparticles via electroless depositions from Na₃Au(SO₃)₂ electrolytes. A series of experiments have been designed to investigate this new role. A working electrode of patterned Ag strips on the non-conductive substrates has been used. It has been observed that when a potential more negative than hydrogen evolution potential was applied to metal areas, a large amount …


Trajectory Uncertainty Analysis For The Development Of A Queuing Model For The National Airspace System, Manju Nag Jan 2010

Trajectory Uncertainty Analysis For The Development Of A Queuing Model For The National Airspace System, Manju Nag

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In this research, we propose to support the development of a queuing model for the National Airspace System (NAS) by providing distributions for the various phases of flight, accounting for the uncertainties in flight trajectory which includes factors such as weight, power factor, lift co-efficient. In addition to this, a detailed study is done on the impact of weather on flight routes and two days in 2006 are compared to show the effect of weather on flight times. The research develops from a good understanding of the NAS and its requirements to implement a system capable of dealing with issues …


Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Of A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Travis Justin Carrigan Jan 2010

Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Of A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Travis Justin Carrigan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The purpose of this study is to introduce and demonstrate a fully automated process for optimizing the airfoil cross-section of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The objective is to maximize the torque while enforcing typical wind turbine design constraints such as tip speed ratio, solidity, and blade profile. By fixing the tip speed ratio and solidity of the wind turbine, there exists an airfoil cross-section for which the torque can be maximized, requiring the development of an iterative design system.The design system required to maximize torque incorporates rapid geometry generation and automated hybrid mesh generation tools with viscous, unsteady …


Effect Of Structural Design Parameters On Wafer Level Csp Ball Shear Strength And Their Influence On Accelerated Thermal Cycling Reliability, Nikhil R. Lakhkar Jan 2010

Effect Of Structural Design Parameters On Wafer Level Csp Ball Shear Strength And Their Influence On Accelerated Thermal Cycling Reliability, Nikhil R. Lakhkar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) is one of the most popular packages due to its size and cost advantages. It is expected that the usage of WLCSP in microelectronics and MEMS industry combined is going to cross 16000 Million Units by 2013. One of the main advantages of implementing WLCSP is its time to market because most of the package is done at the wafer level. Once the wafer processing is completed the package is just diced and mounted on board and the board is ready to go. However, just like any other package WLCSP too is not ideal …


The Effects Of Behavioral, Geometric And Heavy Vehicle Traffic Flow Characteristics On Capacity And Emissions At Roundabouts, Cho Honest Sone Jan 2010

The Effects Of Behavioral, Geometric And Heavy Vehicle Traffic Flow Characteristics On Capacity And Emissions At Roundabouts, Cho Honest Sone

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Modern roundabouts, first constructed in England in the early 1960s, are becoming increasingly popular replacements for signalized and stop controlled intersections in the United States. Roundabouts were introduced to replace traditional traffic circles and rotaries. With the characteristics of entering traffic that yield to circulating traffic and geometric constraints that slow entering vehicles, roundabouts have proven to be more efficient than traffic circles and in some cases than signalized and stop-controlled intersections. Roundabouts often require drivers to decelerate from, and reaccelerate to, highway speeds, and can involve one or multiple stops. One concern about congested roundabouts is that vehicle emissions …


Testing & Design Life Modeling Of Polyurea Liners For Potable Water Pipes, Mustafa Z. Kanchwala Jan 2010

Testing & Design Life Modeling Of Polyurea Liners For Potable Water Pipes, Mustafa Z. Kanchwala

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Currently, there are various renewal methods available for different applications, among which coatings and linings are most commonly used for the renewal of water pipes. Polyurea is a lining material applied to the interior surface of the deteriorated host pipe using spray technique. It is applied to enhance the structural ability of the pipeline. This thesis presents the preliminary results of an ongoing laboratory testing program designed to investigate the renewal of potable water pipes using polyurea spray lining. This research focuses on predicting the long-term behavior of polyurea composite. The goal of this test was to establish a relationship …


Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Of Metabolic Profiles In Brain Tumors, Aditya Manoj Patel Jan 2010

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Of Metabolic Profiles In Brain Tumors, Aditya Manoj Patel

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Metabolic profiles in brain tumors were measured using proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3T. Spectra were obtained from normal tissues and tumor mass regions of 6 low-grade gliomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas and 23 glioblastoma (GBM) patients, using PRESS at two echo times (TE = 54 and 112 ms). Glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and lactate (Lac) were well resolved at TE = 112 ms. The ratio of Gln and Glu concentrations, [Gln]/[Glu], was elevated significantly (p < 0.05) in all the tumor types compared to normal tissue. Elevation of Gln was confirmed through [Gln]/[water]; the ratio was increased in all the three tumor types but the increase was significant only in GBM. Glycine (Gly) was increased significantly in GBM. Alanine was detectable from GBM only, indicating its elevation for most malignant tumor. Other observations included significant increases in choline (Cho) and Lac (p < 0.05) and decrease in NAA (N-acetylaspartate), in consistent with prior studies. The creatine to water ratio was observed to decrease in tumor patients but was not significant. Myo-inositol (mIns) was observed to decrease in low grade patients as compared to normal tissue, but was seen to increase with grade of tumor, but was not significant. [Lac]/[water] was significantly higher and [Cho]/[Lac] significantly lower for GBM patients indicating the increase in Lac as compared to normal tissue.Treatment had a significant impact on tumor cells. After radiation therapy the Lac was observed to be elevated significantly and decrease after bevacizumab treatment. [Cho]/[Cr], [Cho]/[NAA], [Gln]/[Glu] and [Cho]/[Gly] was reduced significantly after the bevacizumab treatment. Gly was not detectable after Bevacizumab treatment. Some of the patients showed no infiltrating tumor cells after successful surgery and therapy with ratios close to that of normal tissue. These observations can help in characterizing the effect of various therapies on brain metabolites and tumor cells.


Experimental Studies On Shrinkage Induced Pressure Measurements Of Four Expansive Soils, Varagorn Puljan Jan 2010

Experimental Studies On Shrinkage Induced Pressure Measurements Of Four Expansive Soils, Varagorn Puljan

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Civil structures were damaged by expansive soils due to its large volumetric changes caused by moisture fluctuations. During wet and dry season, the ground heaves up and also shrinks noticeably. The significant amount of curling pressure which is induced by soil shrinkage could cause severe damages to the infrastructure. Especially in the eastern and central Texas, pavements encounter severe cracking and premature loss of serviceability. The maintenance costs, in some cases, are greater than the initial construction costs. Residential dwell structures built on problematic expansive soils often become distressed due to volume changes associated with seasonal moisture content variations. This …


Targeted Delivery Of Carbon Nanotubes To Cancer Cells, Pavitra Chakravarty Jan 2010

Targeted Delivery Of Carbon Nanotubes To Cancer Cells, Pavitra Chakravarty

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

CD22 is broadly expressed on human B cell lymphomas. Monoclonal anti-CD22 antibodies (MAbs) alone, or coupled to toxins, have been used to selectively target these tumors both in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with xenografted human lymphomas and in patients. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attached to antibodies or peptides represent another approach to targeting cancer cells. CNTs convert absorbed near-infrared (NIR) light into heat, which can thermally ablate cells in the vicinity of the CNTs. We have made MAb-CNT constructs where the MAb was either noncovalently or covalently coupled to CNTs, and investigated their ability to bind specifically to cells …


Post-Operative Renal Function Analysis Using Visible Dlp® Hyperspectral Imaging System, Abhas Thapa Jan 2010

Post-Operative Renal Function Analysis Using Visible Dlp® Hyperspectral Imaging System, Abhas Thapa

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Surgical and clinical settings in medical hospitals strive to keep up with technological innovations in order to improve the current healthcare scenario. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a novel technology that addresses this problem. HSI is a non-invasive imaging technique that can provide information on both structural and functional conditions of tissue. This information is very useful particularly in live surgical procedures wherein the surgeons can get real-time feedback of the anatomical and functional changes of tissue, as they perform the operation. Currently available HSI systems are extremely slow and thus impractical for time restricted surgical or clinical uses. Hence, DLP® …


Enhanced Endothelialization On Surface Modified Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Hao Xu Jan 2010

Enhanced Endothelialization On Surface Modified Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Hao Xu

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Current synthetic vascular grafts and polymer-coated drug-eluting stents (DES) have certain limitations, such as thrombosis and restenosis due to the incomplete recovery of vascular endothelial cells on their luminal sides. Surface modification of these materials is a viable method to enhance the endothelialization on them. In this study, we proposed several way to modify poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a promising material for vascular prostheses to enhance the endothelialization on its surface. In the first method, we modified the material surface with deposition of poly(vinylacetic acid) (PVAA) using plasma polymerization. PVAA having different surface densities of -COOH group or film thickness were …


Comprehensive Studies On Deep Soil Mixing And Lightweight Aggregates Applications To Mitigate Approach Slab Settlements, Ekarut Archeewa Jan 2010

Comprehensive Studies On Deep Soil Mixing And Lightweight Aggregates Applications To Mitigate Approach Slab Settlements, Ekarut Archeewa

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Bridge approach settlement is a common problem to the Transportation Departments nationwide. This uneven transition causes inconvenience to passengers and increases the cost of maintenance and repair of the distressed approach slabs. The Texas Department of Transportation spends millions of dollars annually to mitigate this problem across the state. The potential causes for this problem are numerous and purely site specific. Hence this problem may not have a unique solution. In this research, two methods were selected to mitigate the approach slab settlements. The first one is an improvement of ground foundation technique by using Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) columns …