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Articles 61 - 90 of 1492
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Research On Optimal Configuration Design Method Of Stewart Platform, Xuwei Fan, Lili Yang, Cheng Yu, Xiaoning Zhou, Yexin Zhang
Research On Optimal Configuration Design Method Of Stewart Platform, Xuwei Fan, Lili Yang, Cheng Yu, Xiaoning Zhou, Yexin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the structural singularity and configuration singularity of parallel mechanism, a safety mechanism design scheme of the Stewart platform is proposed to improve the workspace efficiency and engineering practicability. Taking the Stewart platform without any particularity as the research object, and considering the singular constraints of the structure, a dexterity index is proposed to achieve the optimization of the structural parameters. Analyzing and constructing the kinematics model of the Stewart platform, analyzing the singularities of the configuration bifurcations of 16 typical extreme poses, a secure workspace verification algorithm is proposed to make the whole workspace free of singularity. …
Optimization And Simulation Of Offshore Edge Computing Network For E-Pilotage, Bin Lin, Chenchen Song, Yajing Zhang, Jianli Duan
Optimization And Simulation Of Offshore Edge Computing Network For E-Pilotage, Bin Lin, Chenchen Song, Yajing Zhang, Jianli Duan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the safety of the ship's piloting process, an INA-based offshore edge computing network (IOECN) architecture is proposed to provide navigation assistance information. The Layout Optimization Problem (LOP) of network element nodes in the network is mainly studied. The mathematical model is used to convert the LOP into an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. On condition of the required network coverage and connectivity, aiming to minimize the network cost, being solved by Gurobi and simulated and demonstrated by Matlab, the network optimization on different scales is obtained and the correctness and scalability of …
Visual Feedback Fuzzy Control For A Robot Manipulator Based On Svr Learning, Xianxia Zhang, Jinqiang Zhang, Zhiyuan Li, Shiwei Ma, Banghua Yang
Visual Feedback Fuzzy Control For A Robot Manipulator Based On Svr Learning, Xianxia Zhang, Jinqiang Zhang, Zhiyuan Li, Shiwei Ma, Banghua Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A fuzzy controller based on SVR learning is proposed for uncalibrated robot visual servoing. In this paper, a fuzzy controller is used to directly construct the nonlinear mapping between image features and robot joint motion. The fuzzy basis function of the fuzzy controller is taken as the kernel function of an SVR and the equivalent relationship between the SVR and the fuzzy controller is established. The learned support vector from the SVR is used as the rule of the fuzzy controller. Since all rules are learned from the data, there is no need to manually design the rules. …
Research On Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem Based On Hybrid Qpso, Junxuan Li, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Research On Fuzzy Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem Based On Hybrid Qpso, Junxuan Li, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem of uncertain processing time, triangular fuzzy numbers are used to characterize the relevant time parameters and a Hybrid Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (HQPSO) is proposed. On the basis of making full use of the global search capability of Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization, the search efficiency is increased by designing a boundary repair strategy and a cooperative update strategy. Meanwhile, the cross-operator and path relinking technique are used to in the operation sequence mapped by the excellent particles, which makes up the disadvantages of the insufficient ability of deeply exploration of …
Research On Adaptive Routing Algorithm For Wireless Weak-Connection Network, Hua Xiang, Hongjuan Yao, Wang Hai, Wang Zhao, Jietao Zhang, Lili Shu
Research On Adaptive Routing Algorithm For Wireless Weak-Connection Network, Hua Xiang, Hongjuan Yao, Wang Hai, Wang Zhao, Jietao Zhang, Lili Shu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The wireless weak-connected network has the characteristics of long delay, high dynamic topology, and unstable links. With the lack of continuity from the source end to the destination end of network connection, in order to solve the problem of communication difficulty, the intelligence and adaptability of Physarum polycephalum are introduced, and the adaptive wireless weak-connected network routing algorithm is proposed. A wireless weak-connected network model is build and the mathematical relationships of link capacity is deduced. The next-hop selection strategy and optimal routing strategy is designed to achieve the best-effort delivery of data in wireless weak-connected network environmrnt. Simulation …
Prediction Of N-Acetylglucosamine Content Based On Rf-Ga-Bp Neural Network, Wenfeng Yang, Wang Yan, Zhichen Ji
Prediction Of N-Acetylglucosamine Content Based On Rf-Ga-Bp Neural Network, Wenfeng Yang, Wang Yan, Zhichen Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the content of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in the process of preparing glucocosamine (GlcN) by microbial fermentation is difficult to measure online, an improved prediction algorithm based on stochastic forest algorithm, genetic algorithm and neural network algorithm is proposed. The algorithm utilizes the feature of decreasing average impurity in random forest algorithm to analyze the relevance of the input characteristics. The initial weights and thresholds of the neural networks are optimized by the genetic algorithm. A prediction model based on the RF-GA-BP algorithm is established based on the data from the fermentation process of …
A Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Method Based On Da-Rkelm Algorithm, Mingqi Wei, Tianrui Zhang, Xiuxiu Gao, Shumei Wang
A Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Method Based On Da-Rkelm Algorithm, Mingqi Wei, Tianrui Zhang, Xiuxiu Gao, Shumei Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the power grid safety problems caused by the fluctuation and randomness of photo-voltaic power generation, a method for predicting photo-voltaic power generation of a regular nuclear limit learning machine based on the optimization of a dragonfly algorithm was proposed. Through correlation analysis, the key factors affecting the photo-voltaic power generation are determined, and the photo-voltaic power prediction model is constructed. Dragonfly algorithm is used to obtain the optimal weight and threshold value of the network, and regularization function and kernel function are introduced based on the standard limit learning machine to avoid the over …
Adaptive Control Method Of High Proportion Distributed Generation Connected To Distribution Network, Weijie Dong, Keyan Liu, Yilong Wang, Xiaozhong Li, Yang Hao
Adaptive Control Method Of High Proportion Distributed Generation Connected To Distribution Network, Weijie Dong, Keyan Liu, Yilong Wang, Xiaozhong Li, Yang Hao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Focus on the instability of the reactive power output precision caused by the voltage drop and loss of DG lines being switched to grid and the low output frequency and voltage caused by power deficiency of DG islanding, an improved droop control strategy is proposed to ensure the running stability of Active Distribution Network during DG connecting to network. The DG model applies the feedback regulation of f-U droop output power and voltage drop compensator. The control system is applied to the quasi-synchronization grid-connected model, island mode and the modes switching process of an active distribution network's domain transient …
Optimization Of Shore Bridge Driver Scheduling Strategy Considering Influence Of Illumination, Tiexin Wang, Haihong Yu, Danlan Xie, Yibin Wang
Optimization Of Shore Bridge Driver Scheduling Strategy Considering Influence Of Illumination, Tiexin Wang, Haihong Yu, Danlan Xie, Yibin Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The luminous environment has an important effect on the efficiency of quay crane drivers' work. Aiming at the quay crane drivers' shift arrangement under the changing illumination intensity, the theoretical model of illumination influencing efficiency and the 3D simulation model of port operation are established. The influence of different lighting conditions on quay crane drivers' work is analyzed to find the optimal scheduling strategy. By comparing four different scheduling strategies, the optimal 6h interval scheduling is obtained, which increases the working efficiency by about 14% compared with the existing scheduling methods. It shows that when the total working …
Research On Simulation Optimization Of Intelligent Storage Robot Configuration Under Multiple Constraints, Guo Di, Danlan Xie, Ji Yuan
Research On Simulation Optimization Of Intelligent Storage Robot Configuration Under Multiple Constraints, Guo Di, Danlan Xie, Ji Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the intelligent warehouse storage robot configuration, a discrete event simulation model based on queuing theory is constructed. Considering the influence of faults and the reliability and service intensity of the system, aiming at minimizing the total cost of distance cost, time cost, idle cost and purchase cost, a based on FlexSim simulation model is proposed. Discrete event simulation optimization method of the platform. By analyzing the system average team length, order average stay time and other indicators, the intuitionistic bottleneck of the system is combined with the actual operation data, and the configuration strategy of minimum system …
Research On Distribution Line Identification And Simulation Based On Sequence Impedance Method, Keyan Liu, Weijie Dong, Xueshun Ye, Muke Bai, Huaitian Zhang
Research On Distribution Line Identification And Simulation Based On Sequence Impedance Method, Keyan Liu, Weijie Dong, Xueshun Ye, Muke Bai, Huaitian Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The field fault test of distribution network cannot be repeated frequently, a line parameter identification and fault waveform reproduction method based on sequence impedance method is proposed to build the line sequence resistance model, and the π type equivalent lines are constructed. Based on the data of each node obtained in the field test process, the positive sequence impedance and zero sequence impedance parameters of π type equivalent circuits of all line sections are obtained by using the principle of symmetrical sequence components, and the digital model of the real lines in the field is established. The simulation results …
Research On Network Attack And Defense Situation Based On Game Theory Model And Netlogo Simulation, Xiaohu Liu, Hengwei Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Ma Zhuang, Wenlei Lü
Research On Network Attack And Defense Situation Based On Game Theory Model And Netlogo Simulation, Xiaohu Liu, Hengwei Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Ma Zhuang, Wenlei Lü
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the existing modeling methods lack of the analysis on the behavior and trend of attack and defense game, the characteristics of network attack and defense game from the perspective of confrontation are analyzed Based on the static game theory of non- cooperative incomplete information, the network attack and defense game model is established, and the revenue quantification, game equilibrium calculation and decision-making of strategic confrontation result are given. The multi-agent simulation model of network attack and defense game is constructed. The simulation experiments under different strategy combinations and different initial numbers of players are …
The Expansion From System Simulation To Domain Simulation, Xiaogang Qiu, Yazhou Chen, Zhang Peng
The Expansion From System Simulation To Domain Simulation, Xiaogang Qiu, Yazhou Chen, Zhang Peng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the generalization of simulation application and complex system simulation becoming the focus, domain simulation is becoming more and more important. In 1995 United States Department of Defense (DoD) presented the master plan of modeling and simulation, which gives birth to the basic idea of domain simulation. The advances in information technology such as network technology and cloud computing help domain simulation to access to use. Taking the change of simulation research object as the basis, the development of simulation research from the aspects of model researches, simulation tools and simulation applications are summarized. The goal of domain simulation …
Research On Geographical Battlefield Environment Model Facing Autonomous Platform, You Xiong, Jiangpeng Tian
Research On Geographical Battlefield Environment Model Facing Autonomous Platform, You Xiong, Jiangpeng Tian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Battlefield environment model is an abstraction and description of the complex battlefield environment for specific needs. It supports the research and application of the nature and evolution of the battlefield environment. However, the existing battlefield environment model is mainly oriented to human war activities to describe the battlefield environment,and lacks the design for unmanned autonomous platforms. A multi-level battlefield environment model structure which couples the advantages of humans and machines is proposed, which can give full play to the machine's rapid numerical calculation capabilities at the geometric and feature levels, as well as human cognitive experience at the element, …
Combat Effectiveness Simulation Evaluation Framework Of Complex Weapon System, Yonglin Lei, Zhu Zhi, Bin Gan, Lei Sen, Chen Yong
Combat Effectiveness Simulation Evaluation Framework Of Complex Weapon System, Yonglin Lei, Zhu Zhi, Bin Gan, Lei Sen, Chen Yong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Combat effectiveness evaluation of complex weapon system is a scientific issue both military departments and defense industry concern. Current researches on simulation-based weapon system combat effectiveness evaluation lack the specificity to complex weapon system and a simulation-based formal combat effectiveness evaluation framework is especially desired. A framework is created and formalized on three measure layers of performance-outcome-effectiveness. Within the framework, simulation inputs are classified into different categories different outcome measure layers and different effectiveness measure layers are considered. An example of combat effectiveness evaluation framework for typical ballistic missiles is presented to demonstrate the proposed framework.
Review On Agv Scheduling Optimization, Jianlin Fu, Hengzhi Zhang, Zhang Jian, Liangkui Jiang
Review On Agv Scheduling Optimization, Jianlin Fu, Hengzhi Zhang, Zhang Jian, Liangkui Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: AGV scheduling plays an important role in improving the efficiency and reducing manufacturing cost, but it is also a very complex combinatorial optimization procedure. AGV scheduling optimization is divided into three types, AGV static scheduling, AGV dynamic scheduling and AGV simultaneous scheduling with other resources scheduling. Various methods are summarized and listed, including traditional analysis method, modeling and simulation method, intelligent optimization algorithm and hybrid optimization method, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also analyzed. The deficiencies of AGV scheduling research are pointed out and the research directions for future are presented.
Design And Simulation On Autonomous Landing Of A Quad Tilt Rotor, Supu Xiu, Yuanqiao Wen, Changshi Xiao, Haiwen Yuan, Wenqiang Zhan
Design And Simulation On Autonomous Landing Of A Quad Tilt Rotor, Supu Xiu, Yuanqiao Wen, Changshi Xiao, Haiwen Yuan, Wenqiang Zhan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the under-actuation of general quadrotors, a novel quad tilt rotor model is proposed. The model decouples the y-direction translation and roll rotation of a quadrotor by the four servos used respectively for the tilting control of the four propellers to realized the tilt hover and tilt flight of the UAV, the UAV can keep a tilt attitude which increases the maneuverability and the precise pose position and attitude control of the tilt UAV and ensures a good performance on the trajectory tracking and landing. A 5-degree polynomial optimization is used in UAV trajectory planning for the strong …
A Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Prediction Method Based On Improved Svr Learning, Haixia Fan, Xiaohui Chen
A Continuous Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Prediction Method Based On Improved Svr Learning, Haixia Fan, Xiaohui Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the accuracy of continuous non-invasmive monitoring of blood pressure by photoelectric method based on the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and the electrocardiography (ECG) signal, is influenced by the differences of human characteristics, a blood pressure prediction method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize machine learning model is proposed. The method processes the PPG signal, ECG signal and human body features to form a feature matrix, and uses an improved SVR learning model to perform regression training on the feature matrix and the real-time blood pressure value measured by the mercury sphygmomanometer. …
Numerical Research On Ballistic Limit Of Whipple Shield In High-Velocity Range, Yixiao Li, Shengjie Wang
Numerical Research On Ballistic Limit Of Whipple Shield In High-Velocity Range, Yixiao Li, Shengjie Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Limited by the acceleration ability of two-stage light gas guns, few hypervelocity impact experiment of Whipple shield with projectile speed higher than 8 km/s has been performed. The ballistic limit equations can't fully describe the protection ability of Whipple shield in high-velocity range because of the lack of experimental data. GRAY three-phase equation of state is used in the material point method calculation program to simulate the penetration of thick target plate and the high-velocity impact of Whipple shield. The numerical result of Whipple shield ballistic limit shows that the ballistic limit in high-velocity range is higher than the …
Evaluation On Geo-Registration Accuracy Of Outdoor Augmented Reality, Deng Chen, You Xiong, Meixia Zhi
Evaluation On Geo-Registration Accuracy Of Outdoor Augmented Reality, Deng Chen, You Xiong, Meixia Zhi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Geo-registration technology is a key technology for the combination of augmented reality and geographic information systems, and its registration accuracy has a significant impact on the availability of ARGIS. Aiming at this application, the basic concepts and principles of augmented reality geo-registration technology are analyzed, and the method for quantitative evaluation of geo-registration accuracy is proposed. Combined with the pre-acquired high-precision geographic information data, a variety of outdoor geo-registration experiments are carried out by using the different hardware devices, and the quantitative accuracy of different geo-registration methods is evaluated. The geo-registration errors and the problems existing in the practical …
Research On Recursive Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Two-Parameter Priority, Weiguo Shi, Xu Chao, Wang Xun, Xiangtai Wang
Research On Recursive Variable Sampling Period Scheduling Algorithm Based On Two-Parameter Priority, Weiguo Shi, Xu Chao, Wang Xun, Xiangtai Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A recursive variable sampling periodic dynamic scheduling algorithm based on two-parameter priority is proposed for the resource-constrained network control system. The network demand degree and network urgency double parameter of the control loop are calculated, and the two-parameter weight is established by the two-square root mapping function which is created by the absolute value of the control loop error to realize the scheduling of the sensor priority. The comprehensive analysis of the control loop performance recursively adjusts the sampling period of each control loop, and completes the scheduling adjustment under the premise of ensuring the stability of the …
Research On A Novel Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm Based On Ga, Wang Ning, Lisheng Wei
Research On A Novel Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm Based On Ga, Wang Ning, Lisheng Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to further improve the optimization ability of biogeography-based optimization algorithm, a new genetic algorithm is proposed. The selection operation is added before the migration operation, and the migration individual is selected by the method of "roulette", so that the individuals with higher fitness can be preferentially migrated. The mutation operation combines the genetic gaussian mutation method, and the optimization performance of the algorithm is improved. The convergence condition of the method is derived in theory. Five test functions are used in the experiments, and the results prove that the ameliorated algorithm is better at the results of …
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm With Gravitational Mechanism, Yitao He, Li Jun, Liyan Hao
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm With Gravitational Mechanism, Yitao He, Li Jun, Liyan Hao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the weak quorum sensing ability and slow convergence in bacterial foraging algorithm, an algorithm with gravitational mechanism is proposed. The algorithm provides an optimization direction for each bacterium by introducing a gravitational mechanism in the gravitational search algorithm. The original swimming operation of bacterial foraging algorithm is used to realize the local optimization strategy, and the local dimension update is added after the swimming to widen the bacterial search scope in chemotaxis operation. In the migration operation of the bacterial foraging algorithm, the bimodal Gaussian function is introduced to re-initialize the position of the bacteria to avoid …
Interactive Assembly Simulation Platform For Complex Gearbox In Virtual Environmen, Chunyang Jia, Xiangjun Zou, Jinhui Li, Zeqin Zeng, Wang Jie
Interactive Assembly Simulation Platform For Complex Gearbox In Virtual Environmen, Chunyang Jia, Xiangjun Zou, Jinhui Li, Zeqin Zeng, Wang Jie
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the human-computer interaction, behavior simulation and user design in virtual assembly, based on the complex gearbox of large tractors, the simulation method of dynamic motion and behavior of gear with multi-collision body is studied. The positioning method of multi-part model based on axis constraints and surface constraints in virtual environment is proposed. The virtual environment of human-computer interaction is developed. The consumed time of per frame is about 10 ms, and the complex variable-speed motion behavior and its simulation are realized. The virtual assembly system is equipped with AR interface, which can realize the active intelligent virtual …
Ship's Rudder/Fin Joint Anti-Rolling Mpc Control Based On Feedback Linearization, Li Hui, Yingnan Xie, Liqi Lan
Ship's Rudder/Fin Joint Anti-Rolling Mpc Control Based On Feedback Linearization, Li Hui, Yingnan Xie, Liqi Lan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the nonlinearity, strong coupling and multivariate characteristics of the ship motion system, and considering the influence of marine environment on ship motion, a four-degree-of-freedom (surging, swaying, rolling and yawing) motion nonlinear mathematical model is established to comprehensively represent the essential characteristics of ship motion. Since the model predictive control is an applied multivariable optimal control strategy, the ship rudder/fin joint anti-rolling Model Predictive Control (MPC) system based on feedback linearization is designed. The simulations of ship rolling and course-keeping joint control are carried out under different sea conditions, and the results show that the control method is …
Design Of Fragment Warhead Simulation System Based On Mvc Distributed Framework, He Miao, Wang Hao, Huang Yong, Xue Shao, Yinqing Shen
Design Of Fragment Warhead Simulation System Based On Mvc Distributed Framework, He Miao, Wang Hao, Huang Yong, Xue Shao, Yinqing Shen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Numerical computation and visualization simulation are carried out for the whole physical process from the explosion of warhead to the fragments impacting target. The whole system is designed and implemented by using MVC architecture, Framework component library and JSON data format computer software technology, which make the system scalable, cross-platform and easy to maintain. The distributed computing architecture is designed according to the high computation, large data volume and multi-user concurrency in user scenarios. The simulation experiment results show that the distributed simulation of the system can satisfy the concurrent needs of multi-users, and the visual simulation effect …
Finite Element Method Evaluation On Chest Blunt Injury By Rubber Projectile, Wang Song, Renjun Zhan, Xiongyi Duan
Finite Element Method Evaluation On Chest Blunt Injury By Rubber Projectile, Wang Song, Renjun Zhan, Xiongyi Duan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to reveal the non-lethal injury mechanism of rubber projectile and improve its safety service level, the 18.4 mm rubber projectile finite element model and the improved chest blunt injury assessment model are constructed and verified. The virtual impact test experiments under different loads are carried out, and the stress-time response and deformation-time response data are obtained. The results show that the time to reach the peak stress (less than 0.2 ms) is much shorter than the time to reach the maximum deformation variable (4~5 ms), which means the damage is not caused by the impact itself …
Vertical Flight Simulation Performance Analysis Based On Power Function Control Command, Zhongjun Qu, Zeyu Kang, Yongmei Cheng
Vertical Flight Simulation Performance Analysis Based On Power Function Control Command, Zhongjun Qu, Zeyu Kang, Yongmei Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the fly height control method of modal direct switching, after the input of the control command, the control output may be oscillated or even diverged. The power function conforms to the variation law of the flight altitude command, and is used as the prototype function to derive the relationship between the given height, the current height and the vertical velocity. Using this transformation relationship as the input command of the vertical velocity control loop, a smooth control system is designed. The system does not require control modal switching and can achieve the flight altitude maintenance andflight altitude …
Eeg Classification Based On Multi-Domain Features And Random Subspace Ensemble, Deng Xin, Can Long, Jianxun Mi, Boxian Zhang, Kaiwei Sun, Wang Jin
Eeg Classification Based On Multi-Domain Features And Random Subspace Ensemble, Deng Xin, Can Long, Jianxun Mi, Boxian Zhang, Kaiwei Sun, Wang Jin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the preprocessing feature extraction and classification recognition in BCI system, a method for EEG classification of motion imagery based on random subspaces ensemble learning of multi-domain features is proposed. Based on the analysis on the ERD/ERS characteristics of motion imagery (MI) signals, the multi-domain features of best effective time and frequency bands are extracted as the feature vectors, and the scale of the random subspace ensemble with cross-validation is adaptively chosen, and the EEG classification is realized by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers ensemble. The test results show that the accuracy of the multi-domain features and …
Simulation On Vehicles Mandatory Lane Changing And Merging Process In Case Of Road Bottleneck, Lü Wei, Feizhou Huo
Simulation On Vehicles Mandatory Lane Changing And Merging Process In Case Of Road Bottleneck, Lü Wei, Feizhou Huo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A microscopic dynamic traffic flow model based on vehicle's mandatory lane changing behavior is established. Under the condition of road bottleneck, three macroscopic traffic flow characteristics of traffic flow, lane speed distribution and space-time diagram, and two microscopic traffic flow characteristics of merging distance and vehicle's travel time are analyzed. The simulation results show that, the total flow of arbitrary cross section of the bottleneck road can represent the overall traffic capacity, and the road bottleneck can reduce the total traffic flow by 10% to 35%, and cause a delay of 17% to 42% to the vehicle travel time …