Engineering Commons^™

Numerical Simulation Of Co2 Sequestration Combined With Enhanced Geothermal Energy Extraction In Deep Saline Aquifers, Xie Zehao, Zhang Liehui, Zhao Yulong, Cao Cheng, Kou Zuhao, Zhang Deping, Li Jinlong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objectives and Methods Deep saline aquifers represent ideal spaces for geologic CO₂ sequestration while also featuring high geothermal gradients and abundant geothermal resources. The combination of CO₂ sequestration and geothermal energy extraction holds great significance for enhancing the CO₂ sequestration effect and achieving integrated resource development of deep saline aquifers. Therefore, this study proposed a development approach that combined CO₂ sequestration with geothermal energy extraction in deep saline aquifers and established a thermo-hydro-chemical coupling numerical simulation model of the gas-water two-phase flow. Accordingly, it explored the optimal injection mode, production and injection well patterns, and injection …

Numerical Simulations Of The Safety Of Geologic Co2 Storage In Saline Aquifers In The Enping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, Yu Tao, Li Xiwen, Yang Yunshi, Chen Bingbing, Ji Zemin, He Chang, Jiang Lanlan, Song Yongchen

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, excessive CO₂ emissions have aggravated the greenhouse effect. Against this backdrop, CO₂ capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as a critical countermeasure. Particularly, geologic CO₂ storage holds enormous application potential. China has implemented a demonstration project of geologic CO₂ storage in saline aquifers located in the Enping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Nevertheless, this sag exhibits formation dip angles and widely distributed fracture zones, which affect CO₂ migration and storage. Methods Focusing on the Enping Sag, this study established a two-dimensional model of the saline …

Advances And Prospects Of Research On In Situ Co2 Mineralization Storage In Basalts, Wang Xiao, Wu Bin, Shi Xiangchao, Ye Zhongbin, Wei Bing, Wang Guanhua, Alvarado Vladimir, Huang Kailin, Yang Zeyong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background CO₂ storage in basalts, enjoying distinct advantages of rapid mineralization and high safety, has gradually emerged as a hot research topic both in China and abroad. This study presents a systematic review of the current status of research on the mechanisms of in situ CO₂ mineralization storage, the evolutionary characteristics of the physical properties of strata under the condition of mineralization reactions, and representative demonstration projects. On this basis, the future research directions are proposed. Advances The in situ CO₂ mineralization storage in basalts is essentially a process of CO₂-water-rock reactions, achieved primarily through …

Acknowledgement Of Reviewers

Journal of Sustainable Mining

No abstract provided.

A Critical Appraisal On The Injury Susceptibility Of Underground Metalliferous Mine Workers: Application Of Logistic Regression Model, Sudip Das, Falguni Sarkar, P.S. Paul, B.K. Pal

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The aim of this study is to analyze the occupational injury data of Indian underground metalliferous mines for scrutinizing the injury proneness of different groups of mine workers. In this context, injury records from 2011 to 2022 were obtained from underground metalliferous mines situated at Eastern part of India. The data were characterized and segregated based on different individual and workplace level variables. The workplace injury is categorized as ‘no injury’ and ‘all injury’. Subsequently, Frequency and Classification Based analysis (FCBA), Standardized Injury Rate (SIR) analysis and Logistic Regression Model (LRM) analysis were performed sequentially (FCBA-SIR-LRM) to predict the susceptibility …

The Impact Of Natural Cavities On Mining Feasibility In Brazil: Dilemma Between The Sustainability Of Mining Operations And The Environment, Tiago Leite, Felipe Souza, Mariana Silva, Iuri Brandi, Hernani De Lima

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Due to the legislation on natural underground cavities in Brazil, mineral reserves have been blocked, causing a great dilemma between the sustainability of the mineral activity and the preservation of cavities. This study presented an analysis of the evolution of the federal cave legislation, pointing out the main gains and contribution to the theme, in which the importance in the Brazilian scenario of the publication in 2017 of Normative Instruction N° 01, which updated the procedures for the definition of these “other forms of compensation” to the irreversible negative impact on cavities with a high degree of relevance. In this …

Multivariate Stochastic Mine Scheduling Targeting Stationary Grades Considering Risk Uncertainty And Hierarchical Variables, Augusto A. T. Toledo, Joao F. C. L. Costa, Diego M. Marques, Luciano N. Capponi

Journal of Sustainable Mining

In short-term mine planning for deposits characterized by multiple variables, sequential diglines are generated with an emphasis on maintaining consistent grade distributions across mining periods. This research integrates an array of mineral variables, including deleterious elements, to facilitate the establishment of excavation geometries that enable precise grade and volume control within operational production zones. Through the systematic application of geostatistical analysis coupled with process optimization, geological risks associated with grade uncertainties are minimized, and an optimized operational sequence for the extraction of mineral blocks is pursued. The main point of this approach is maintaining grade distributions aligned with the historical …

An Innovative Implicit Modeling Technique To 3d Deposit Modeling: A Case Study Of The Chromite Mine, Ali Can Ozdemir Ozdemir, Yavuz Tore

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The location of an orebody known to show regional variability in space is determined only through 3D geological modeling. A reliable 3D orebody model must be obtained to ensure resource efficiency and sustainability in the mining industry. In addition, 3D geological modeling has become indispensable in intelligent mining, smart mining, and mining 4.0. In previous years, explicit methods were widely used for 3D geological modeling. However, the validity of geological models produced with these methods has been debated. It has been understood that they are inadequate in modeling vein-type mineralizations with complex geometry in particular. For this reason, implicit modeling …

A Review Study Of The Relationship Between Coal Fly Ash Characteristics And The Presence Of Rare Earth Metals From Steam Power Plants In Indonesia, Muhammad F. Shafiyurrahman, Shofa Rijalul Haq, Nurkhamim Nurkhamim, Ade Kurniawan, Rofa D Bulopa, Rizki Khoiriah Nasution

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The establishment of a coal mining downstream ecosystem focused on a sustainable and environmentally friendly economy is an important goal for many countries. One strategic step in achieving this goal is the utilization of coal fly ash (CFA) waste as a secondary source of rare earth elements (REE). The use of CFA provides a solution to the environmental and health challenges resulting from mining primary sources. Prior to developing REE extraction technology, CFA characterization must be conducted. Therefore, this study addresses the relationship between CFA characteristics and the presence of REE. Based on the ASTM C618-12 standard, CFA in Indonesia …

Integrated Optimization Of Underground Mine Ventilation Using Hardy Cross, Monte Carlo Simulations, And Machine Learning Techniques: A Step Toward Sustainable Mining, Hussein A. Saleem

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Underground mine ventilation is crucial for ensuring worker safety, air quality, and operational efficiency. Effective optimization of ventilation systems reduces energy consumption, enhances airflow distribution, and minimizes risks associated with harmful gases and fire hazards. This study proposed an integrated framework combining the Hardy Cross (HC) method, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, and machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize the ventilation system at the Jabal Sayid mine in Saudi Arabia. The HC method was employed to provide deterministic baseline airflow calculations, while the MC simulations accounted for uncertainties in resistance values and environmental conditions, generating probabilistic distributions of key parameters. Among …

Study On Visualization Simulation And System Dynamic Optimization Of The Ore Drawing Process In Mine Chutes, Liang Juan, Zhu Quanjie, Hao Yingnan, Quan Zhongxue, Zhang Zhiwu, Liu Xiaohuic, Ouyang Zhihua

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The ore release process in metal mine chutes is a critical part of the mining operation. Based on the urgent demand for intelligent mining construction, this paper proposes a visualization simulation and dynamic optimization method for the mine chute ore release process using the open-source programs Python and Blender. The main research content includes: designing the simulation method and model for the ore release process, including the main control program, process subprograms, etc.; proposing a visualization simulation method for the mine chute ore release process based on Blender, studying the impact of ore shape and size on ore release efficiency, …

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Contamination In Surface Water Near Tailings Dam, Gera Techane Mengistu, Tesema Kebede, Enatfenta Melaku, Engdasew Temere

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Elevated levels of heavy metals in surface water can lead to the degradation of water quality, especially in mining areas where tailing dams are sources of heavy metal pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of heavy metals in surface water near the Legadembi tailings dams. The mean concentrations (in µg/L) of various heavy metals including: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), uranium (U), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr) were determined: 79.7, 0.15, 162.3, 0.66, 18.1, 0.01, …

Intrinsically Safe Pneumatic Seismic Source For Controlled Rock Mass ,Monitoring And Imaging In Underground Mining, Przemysław Sierodzki, Leszek Remiorz, Mateusz Ćwiękała, Krzysztof Krawiec

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This article explores the technical principles of pneumatic seismic sources, focusing on their application in underground mining operations, including environments prone to fire hazards. It introduces an intrinsically safe pneumatic seismic source as a cost-effective solution for quasi-continuous seismic excitation, useful for detecting stress concentrations in mining settings. These stress concentrations are identified through anomalies in seismic wave velocity, which may indicate potentially hazardous deformations in the rock mass. The developed system enables fully remote operation from the surface and integrates with a seismic monitoring system to capture high-resolution waveforms. The study provides an overview of the pneumatic system’s technical …

Investigating Frozen Paste Surface Disposal As A Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: Case Study Of Mont-Wright Mine, Khalil Hashem, Agus P. Sasmito, Laxmi Sushama, Ferri Hassani, Mehrdad Kermani

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The mining industry faces evolving challenges in adapting to the impacts of climate change. Among these challenges is the management of tailings. This study focuses on investigating surface disposal of non-cemented paste tailings, particularly the effect of water content, freeze-thaw cycles (FTC, defined as freezing the sample to –20°C and thawing it to +20°C), and ambient temperature on the mechanical characteristics and thermophysical properties of paste tailings. The potential for maintaining non-cemented tailings in a frozen state year-round is also investigated through field-scale numerical simulations. Experiment results of thermophysical properties of tailings with water content, freeze-thaw cycles and ambient temperatures …

Explaining The Unseen: Multimodal Vision-Language Reasoning For Situational Awareness In Underground Mining Disasters, Mizanur Rahman Jewel, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Sanjay Kumar Madria, Samuel Frimpong

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Underground mining disasters produce pervasive darkness, dust, and collapses that obscure vision and make situational awareness difficult for humans and conventional systems. To address this, we propose MDSE, Multimodal Disaster Situation Explainer, a novel vision-language framework that automatically generates detailed textual explanations of post-disaster underground scenes. MDSE has three-fold innovations: (i) Context-Aware Cross-Attention for robust alignment of visual and textual features even under severe degradation; (ii) Segmentation-aware dual pathway visual encoding that fuses global and region-specific embeddings; and (iii) Resource-Efficient Transformer-Based Language Model for expressive caption generation with minimal compute cost. To support this task, we present the Underground Mine …

A Literature Review And Conceptual Framework For Sustainability In Open-Pit Mine Planning, Raymond Kudzawu-D'Pherdd, Kwame Awuah-Offei, Esteban Koberg De La Cruz, Marcos Goycoolea, Andrea Brickey, Alexandra M. Newman

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and a conceptual framework for integrating environmental sustainability into strategic mine planning, focusing on open pits. Despite growing interest, easily discernible sustainability metrics remain elusive in early mine-planning stages, and are included as a post-processing step, if at all, rather than integrated a priori into a mine plan via, e.g., optimization. Through a literature review, we identify efforts regarding how environmental dimensions, such as emissions, water use, and land rehabilitation, are addressed across mine planning phases. We propose the Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability Framework for Mine Planning, which: (i) embeds sustainability into decision …

Public Preferences And Trade-Offs In Critical Mineral Mining Development In The United States, Bamidele Joseph Ajiga

Masters Theses

Rising demand for battery-critical minerals has increased U.S. mining efforts, but projects often face public opposition. There is limited work on how individuals in affected regions evaluate trade-offs between economic and environmental risks.

This research applies a discrete choice experiment to examine individual preferences for proposed battery-critical minerals mining projects in Missouri, Minnesota, and Idaho. 1908 respondents evaluated hypothetical mining projects defined by jobs, state tax revenue, the proportion of tailings reprocessed, groundwater impacts, and surface water impacts, under gold and silver versus battery-critical mineral framings.

Conditional and mixed logit models were used to assess the importance of attributes, demographic …

Geometric Effects Of Warfighters On Body Armor Fit And Protective Capabilities Against Shock Wave Energy, Melissa Lynn Sutter

Doctoral Dissertations

Body armor is a vital piece of protective equipment for warfighters to defend against threats, necessitating continued development to improve comfort, weight, and protection. However, female warfighters often wear unisex body armor, designed primarily for the male torso. Current research has evaluated the short- and long-term detriments of female warfighters wearing these armors, focusing on comfort and performance. However, these studies do not comprehensively consider how a non-form-fitting armor compromises warfighter safety from battlefield threats. This research examines the geometric effects of female warfighters on armor protection level when defending against shock threats by evaluating the energy distribution on a …

Bio-Based Oxalic Acid Production In Issatchenkia Orientalis Enables Sustainable Rare Earth Recovery, Jingxia Lu, Wenjun Guo, Ziye Dong, Sarang S. Bhagwat, Shih-I Tan, Zhixin Zhu, Andrew Johnson, Jeremy S. Guest, Rick Q. Honaker, Dan M. Park, Yongqin Jiao, Huimin Zhao

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

The growing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) in clean energy and high-tech industries underscores the need for sustainable recovery methods and a reliable supply of processing chemicals. Here, we establish a microbial platform using the acid-tolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis SD108 to produce bio-oxalic acid for REE recovery. By introducing an oxaloacetate cleavage pathway and applying metabolic engineering, the engineered strain produces 39.53 g·L^-1 oxalic acid at pH 4.0 in fed-batch fermentation. The crude fermentation broth, used without purification, efficiently precipitates over 99% neodymium (Nd), 99% dysprosium (Dy), and 98% lanthanum (La) from individual REE chloride solutions. Recovery from …

Aster Remote Sensing Satellite Imagery For Regional Mineral Mapping In The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, South Victoria Land, Antarctica, Khurram Riaz, Amin Beiranvand Pour, Jabar Habashi, Aidy M. Muslim, Iman Masoumi, Ali Moradi Afrapoli, Mazlan Hashim, Kamyar Mehranzamir, Farshid Sattari

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

The McMurdo Dry Valleys (DVs) of South Victoria Land, Antarctica, constitute the largest ice-free region on the continent and one of Earth’s most Mars-analog environments. Their hyper-arid polar desert conditions offer a unique setting for investigating surface weathering and mineralogical processes under extreme climates. This study presents the first regional-scale mapping of alteration and crystalline weathering minerals across the McMurdo DVs. It uses Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) multispectral data; visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands were analyzed through a Spectral Hourglass Workflow, endmember extraction, and spectral unmixing with Matched Filtering (MF) and Constrained …

Characterization Of Full Bridge Strain Transducers For Haulage Equipment Payload Distribution Monitoring, Jean-Pierre Strydom, Steven Schafrik, Zacharias Agioutantis, Matthew J. Beck, Joseph Sottile

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

Creating a dependable approach for identifying both the mass of a shuttle car and how material is distributed in it removes the need for equipment operators to manually engage the flight chain. The quantification of environmental and installation conditions and the extent of influence considering their combined contribution towards inaccurate or exclusive measurements are to that degree limited. This experimental study investigated how two different strain transducers—installed in a force-shunt configuration—respond to thermo-mechanical loads when used to determine load distribution and position. Initial observations indicated that thermal effects at the installation site contributed to measurement inaccuracies or exclusive readings. The …

Synthesis Of Nickel Nanoparticles By Gamma Irradiation And Femtosecond Laser Ablation, V. M. Rao, Y. Han, H. Tsai, C. H.C. Giraldo, T. Akyurek

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by (i) gamma irradiation of aqueous nickel chloride precursors and (ii) double scan femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation of a pure nickel foil in water. The nanoparticles produced by FSL ablation were further stabilized in acetone. Gamma radiolysis yielded nickel nanoparticles in the 2–22 nm range, with the average particle diameter governed by the total absorbed dose. Nickel nanoparticles produced by double scan FSL ablation were in the 2–17 nm range but less monodispersed than the nanoparticles produced via gamma radiolysis. FSL ablation proved to be superior in terms of yielding a higher number of smaller nanoparticles …

Sadqn-Based Residual Energy-Aware Beamforming For Lora-Enabled Rf Energy Harvesting For Disaster-Tolerant Underground Mining Networks, Hilary Kelechi Anabi, Samuel Frimpong, Sanjay Madria

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The end-to-end efficiency of radio-frequency (RF)-powered wireless communication networks (WPCNs) in post-disaster underground mine environments can be enhanced through adaptive beamforming. The primary challenges in such scenarios include (i) identifying the most energy-constrained nodes, i.e., nodes with the lowest residual energy to prevent the loss of tracking and localization functionality; (ii) avoiding reliance on the computationally intensive channel state information (CSI) acquisition process; and (iii) ensuring long-range RF wireless power transfer (LoRa-RFWPT). To address these issues, this paper introduces an adaptive and safety-aware deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for energy beamforming in LoRa-enabled underground disaster networks. Specifically, we develop a …

Automated Object Detection And Change Quantification In Underground Mines Using Lidar Point Clouds And 360◦ Image Processing, Ana Fabiola Patricia Tejada Peralta, Roya Bakzadeh, Sina Siahidouzazar, Pedram Roghanchi

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

Underground mining environments pose significant challenges for automated hazard detection due to low illumination, restricted visibility, and the absence of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coverage. These factors limit situational awareness and delay inspection efforts, particularly after disruptive events when rapid assessment is essential for safety. This study addresses this problem by developing a dual-pipeline framework for 2D–3D detection that uses 360° imaging and LiDAR-based machine learning to identify people, vehicles, and positional changes in underground settings without requiring personnel to re-enter hazardous areas. The objective was to create a system capable of recognizing objects and monitoring spatial changes under …

Utilizing Digital Twins To Model And Optimize Hydraulic Excavator Operator Performance Through Arena Simulation, Mateo Fernando Montenegro Defaz, Kwame Awuah-Offei

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study aims to provide a digital twin tool for mining and construction companies to evaluate the effect of operator behaviors on the truck-loading process, focusing on swing and bucket rotation. While equipment performance estimators are available, there are few tools to assess the influence of operators. The aim is to create a discrete event simulation (DES) model in Arena® to evaluate how variations in swing and bucket angles affect hydraulic excavator production rates. We validated the DES model using real-world data from a case study to assess the differences in behavior among four operators. Results showed that Operator 1 …

Stall Detection In Hydraulic Excavator Operations Using Heuristics And Machine Learning: A Case Study, Mateo Fernando Montenegro Defaz, Kwame Awuah-Offei, Yixiang Gao

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work aims to develop a reliable algorithm for stall detection during excavator digging by analyzing key operational variables such as velocity and angular displacements from machine monitoring data. The work develops and validates a heuristic algorithm to detect stalling events and trains a support vector machine classification algorithm to distinguish between "normal" digging cycles and cycles with stalling. This work is a novel attempt at using a classification algorithm to categorize digging cycles into normal and those with stalling events based on machine monitoring data alone. The developed classification algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 100%, indicating it correctly identified …

Linking S‑Pillar Empirical Criteria With Boundary And Finite Element Models For Underground Stone Pillar Analysis, Benjamin Diddle

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

The objective of this thesis is to strengthen the relationship between empirically based stone pillar design methods and two numerical modeling techniques by calibrating boundary element and finite element models to the S‑Pillar empirical criteria and observed pillar behavior in underground stone mines. The first component of the research investigates the displacement‑discontinuity boundary element method implemented in LaModel, quantifying the influence of the lamination thickness and element size on stone pillar safety factor predictions. Results showed that optimal thickness depends on overburden modulus, while larger element sizes introduce significant SF differences from S-Pillar values once the grid size exceeds 5 …

Validation Of Final And Dynamic Subsidence Prediction Models Using The Influence Function Method, Carlos M. Hernandez Garcia

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

This study evaluates the Surface Deformation Prediction System (SDPS Version 7) for predicting final and dynamic subsidence in longwall mining. Using the influence function method, SDPS 7 was calibrated using data from the Quarto 7 Mine (Ohio, USA) and two panels in Anhui Province, China, to test the reliability of the method under varying geological and operational conditions, particularly low advance rates.

For the Quarto 7 Mine, monument line C provided the optimal set of subsidence parameters: SSF of 78%, tanβ of 2.97, edge‑effect offset of 160 ft, with an RMSE of 0.108 ft. These values aligned with estimates obtained …

Evaluation Of The Proclivity For Recovering Rare Earth Elements Via Heap Leaching Of Coal And Coal Byproducts, Dylan Connell

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

Rare earth elements (REEs) - 17 elements classified as light (LREE) or heavy (HREE) - underpin modern technology. This thesis presents the development, design, and testing of a heap leach pad (HLP) to extract REEs from Western KY No.13 seam coal refuse. Testing included resource estimation, column and heap leaching, and an economic feasibility study. Drillhole analyses identified average REE concentrations in two refuse piles of 286 ppm and 290 ppm. The resource base totaled approximately 7,085 metric tons of REOs. The HLP, constructed with 2,000 metric tons of coal refuse material, was tested continuously over 308 days. Fresh lixiviant …

First Water-To-Ligand Substitution Dictates Co2+/Ni2+ Extraction Selectivity, Kailong Zhang, Yuxuan Zhang, Bin Ji, Rick Q. Honaker, Isabel C. Escobar, Jian Shi, Qing Shao

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

Solvent extraction is a crucial technology for the large-scale recovery of critical metals. One key challenge is to develop ligands with high ionic selectivity, especially for ions with similar properties. Manipulating ionic solvation emerges as a viable approach to enhance the selectivity. However, such manipulation requires a thorough understanding of the thermodynamics underlying ligand-induced variation in ionic solvation. We investigated the thermodynamics governing the binding of two organophosphorus ligands (Cyanex 272 and D2EHPA) with Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ at the aqueous-organic liquid–liquid interface using a combination of experiments and computations. UV-vis and IR spectroscopy confirmed that extraction induces solvation …