Engineering Commons^™

Nebraska Test #2277: Case Ih Steiger 425, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Optimization Of High-Bypass Turbofan High-Pressure Compressor Blade – A Case Study, Adeel Khalid, Vlad Mandzyuk

The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research determines the relationship between the High-Pressure Compressor (HPC) rotor blade design variables and compressor pressure ratio of a high bypass turbofan engine. Alterations in the HPC blades span, chord, taper, twist, number, and angle of incidence are performed and their effect on the HPC pressure ratio is observed. The objective is to determine key parameters that could maximize the performance of a high-pressure compressor for a given mission. Physics-based modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and wind-tunnel testing are performed to compare and validate findings. Physics-based modeling is performed to serve as the benchmark for data obtained through other …

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Engine Knock In Modern Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines To Improve Engine Efficiency, Siddharth Gopujkar

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Spark ignition engine knock is an issue that has persisted for over a century. Knock prevents the spark in an SI engine to be deployed at the most optimum time in the engine cycle, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the engine. A reduction in the efficiency directly translates to increased emissions and fuel costs. This research looks at experimental works to analyze the impact of three separate factors on knock in an effort to minimize it and improve engine efficiency.

The first factor is fuel chemistry – how Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number …

Radiation Force Modeling For A Wave Energy Converter Array, Salman Husain, Gordon Parker, David Forehand, Enrico Anderlini

Michigan Tech Publications

The motivation and focus of this work is to generate passive transfer function matrices that model the radiation forces for an array of WECs. Multivariable control design is often based on linear time-invariant (LTI) systems such as state-space or transfer function matrix models. The intended use is for designing real-time control strategies where knowledge of the model’s poles and zeros is helpful. This work presents a passivity-based approach to estimate radiation force transfer functions that accurately replace the convolution operation in the Cummins equation while preserving the physical properties of the radiation function. A two-stage numerical optimization approach is used, …

Advancements And Challenges In Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review, Suhas Alkunte, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Shamil Gudavasov, Mohammad Alshaikh Ali, Mushfig Mahmudov, Seymur Hasanov, Muralimohan Cheepu

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes …

Energy Efficiency In Additive Manufacturing: Condensed Review, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Suhas Alkunte, Roshan Mishra, Khalid Tantawi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Today, it is significant that the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has growing in almost every aspect of the daily life. A high number of sectors are adapting and implementing this revolutionary production technology in their domain to increase production volumes, reduce the cost of production, fabricate light weight and complex parts in a short period of time, and respond to the manufacturing needs of customers. It is clear that the AM technologies consume energy to complete the production tasks of each part. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact of energy efficiency in order to economically and properly …

A Project-Based Learning Activity For An Engineering Technology Heat Transfer Course To Design A Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger, Nathan Luetke, Orlando Ayala

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Thermofluids courses demand a strong grasp of mathematics and employ physics extensively to describe physical systems. Heat transfer, in particular, presents challenging topics, which can be even more daunting for engineering technology students. In this paper, we present the implementation of a project-based learning activity in the engineering technology heat transfer course. The students' task involves designing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to meet specific minimum requirements. The objective is to provide students with a real-world assignment that enhances their heat transfer calculation skills. To accommodate instructors' busy schedules, we have developed an assignment that is user friendly. Detailed instructor guides …

Muscle Activation And Coordinated Movements Of Infant Rolling, Danielle N. Siegel, Safeer F. Siddicky, Wyatt D. Davis, Erin M. Mannen

Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rolling is a critical step of infant development, encouraging muscle coordination and enabling independent exploration. Understanding muscle activity during infant rolling movements on a flat surface is necessary to more fully characterize how the rolling milestone is achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine infants’ muscle activation throughout roll initiation for six previously established coordinated movements. Thirty-eight healthy infants (age: 6.5 ± 0.7 months; 23M/15F) were enrolled in this IRB-approved in-vivo biomechanics study. Surface electromyography sensors recorded muscle utilization from the erector spinae, abdominal muscles, quadriceps, and hamstrings while infants rolled. Each rolling movement was categorized as one …

Directed Energy Deposition Processing-Performance Relationship Of Af9628, Mianqing Yang

Masters Theses

"AF9628 low alloy steel is a novel steel known for its low cost, high hardness, and outstanding tensile performance. However, the processing methods of AF9628 have been less studied in the additive manufacturing field. As the balance of hardness and tensile results is closely related to the cooling process during manufacturing process window and its relationship to resultant tensile properties is explored. By using the DED method, specimens of this steel are successfully fabricated, and tensile test results are obtained. The AF9628 steel can be manufactured for tailored properties with the DED process by controlling the cooling method. This work …

High-Pressure Infiltration Process For Additively Manufactured Ceramic Matrix Composites, Samuel Weiler

Masters Theses

"Ceramic matrix composites were developed in order to increase the fracture toughness, thermal shock resistance, and elongation of ceramic materials, while maintaining the very high temperature capabilities of these materials. A renewed focus has been placed on ceramic matrix composites due to the need for materials that maintain good mechanical strength at very high temperatures, for use in the extreme environments encountered by hypersonic vehicles, jet turbine blades, and the like. However, conventional methods to manufacture CMCs are costly and time consuming. The aim of this work is to develop a method for creating additively manufactured ceramic matrix composites using …

Investigations Of Performance And Emissions Of A Fischer-Tropsch Gtl Sustainable Aerospace Fuel With Lubricity Improver In A Compression Ignition Engine With Butanol Port Fuel Injection, James B. Willis

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

As there is increasing concern over emissions of traditional fossil fuels, as well as the future of continued reliance on this dwindling resource, it is becoming increasingly evident that alternative fuels are a necessity. This research investigates the use of a Fischer-Tropsch fuel from natural gas feedstocks, S8, in an internal combustion research engine with a common rail fuel injection system. This synthetic kerosene fuel has a high DCN of 62, indicating high affinity to autoignition compared to conventional pump diesel (ULSD) at 48 DCN. However, due to the process by which it is produced, this fuel lacks the necessary …

Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy(Rus) For Material Characterization Of Metal Am Parts, Malik Marks

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by offering flexibility, customization, and rapid prototyping capabilities. However, ensuring the quality and reliability of AM parts remains a significant challenge due to variations in material properties and process parameters. The NDE method used in this study is Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). This method was used to evaluate and understand its ability to detect internal voids and defects. Dog-bone samples were made using the 316L stainless steel alloy which were fabricated by powder bed fusion (PBF) AM technique at different processing conditions and post processing conditions. These samples were tested to find …

Experimentatal And Numerical Investigation Of Turbojet Engine Performance, Emissions, And Noise/Vibrations Using Jet-A And F24 Fuel, John W. Mcafee Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Drastic improvement in cost effectiveness of high-power computing resources has generated a great interest numerical simulation to reduce the overhead cost of engine manufacturing, maintenance, and environmental concerns of engine testing. To accomplish this goal, this research presents the differences between military F24 fuel and commercial aviation fuel Jet-A from a thermochemical and engine performance perspective. This experimental data was used to create and validate a numerical model of the engine used in the experiments fueled with both Jet-A and F24 fuels. The experimental data was collected using a research based single stage turbojet engine outfitted with many sensors for …

Impact Of Operational Conditions On The Transient Thermal Behavior Of Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jairo Sebastian Casa

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Considering the high increase of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through the years, it is important to analyze the impact of the operational conditions, such as charging and discharging on the transient thermal behavior of LIBs for thermal management of Li-Ion batteries. A pseudo two-dimensional mathematical model based on the finite volume method (Doyle-Fuller Newman) available in an open-source environment such as Python, was utilized for the electrochemical evaluation of the Li-Ion battery. For simplicity, a lumped thermal model was integrated with the electrochemistry model to evaluate the transient behavior of Li-Ion cells under varying conditions. Both the electrochemistry and lumped thermal …

Development And Characterization Of Vegetable Oil Based, Acrylated Resins For Stereolithography 3d Printing, Julius A. Adeyera

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The increase in the demand for additively manufactured parts and the drive towards a sustainable economy with less environmental pollution has necessitated the need for renewable materials for use in 3D printing. This study shows the development and characterization of vegetable oil based, acrylated resins for 3D printing. Bio-based 3D resins were formulated using bio-based oils with a minimum of 70% bio-based content and were ready to be polymerized using the stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing process. Two distinct vegetable oils were used to develop biobased photopolymers. Biobased acrylated epoxidized photopolymers were successfully developed that have good mechanical and chemical properties. …

Investigation Of Topologically Protected Wave Propagation Near Dirac-Like Cones In Acoustic Metamaterials, Md Arif Iqbal Khan

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study presents a novel approach to investigate an exceptionally rare acoustic phenomenon – topologically protected wave propagation (TPWP) within a solid-solid domain. While previous research has attempted to unravel the physics behind this phenomenon, most efforts have been grounded in the framework of condensed matter physics and quantum mechanics often requiring complex geometries to realize TPWP in solid-fluid interactions. In contrast, this thesis introduces a geometric tuning method that enables the achievement of TPWP with simpler geometric configurations within a solid-solid domain. Rather than explaining by the quantum trio - quantum anomalous hall effect, quantum valley hall effect, and …

A Novel Magnetorheological Pump Concept For Insulin Delivery, Mohammad Towhidul Islam Rimon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Over the past 25 years, awareness of type 1 diabetes has significantly increased, leading to a comprehensive understanding of various aspects, including its genetics, epidemiology, and disease burden. According to the Type 1 Diabetic Index, about 8.7 million people around the world live with this long-term autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. However, the increased availability and utilization of artificial pancreas systems could potentially save 673,000 lives by 2040. Although, the advancement of diabetes technology offers Type 1 diabetic patients more tools to enhance glycemic management and achieve effective outcomes, many patients are still hesitant to adopt …

Melt Pool Feature Extraction, A State-Space Model And Spatial Layer-To-Layer Control For Powder Bed Fusion, Xin Wang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique which can reduce material waste and is a fast-prototyping technique for complex geometries. However, the lack of consistent quality is a major problem in industrial applications. An InfraRed (IR) camera is a common tool to monitor a surface temperature field and melt pool morphology in PBF. With melt pool features from camera videos, manufacturing researchers use spatial feature maps to visualize defect locations and control researchers use layer-to-layer control to achieve more uniform melt pools and less defects.

Paper I presents a simulation method to characterize the effect of down-sampling …

Additive Manufacturing Of Steel And Aluminum Structures: Modeling And Experiments, Manoj Kumar Reddy Rangapuram

Doctoral Dissertations

"Additive manufacturing (AM) is defined as the process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional model data. Complex geometries can be easily manufactured compared to conventional subtractive methods with more freedom and flexibility in the design process. As the demand for AM process increased, it has become critical to understand the process and various parameters that constitute in affecting the quality of the manufactured part. Conducting experiments can be time intensive and costly to optimize a process. Modeling can be used as an aid to optimize, examine, and predict the process outcome.

The objective of this study is (i) …

Material Models For Simulation Of Steel Hot Rolling Process Using Experimentally Determined Properties At Elevated Temperatures And Strain Rates, Siva Sai Krishna Dasari

Doctoral Dissertations

"Hot rolling is one of the most important and complex process that includes large material deformation, different contact conditions, complex geometries and different temperature gradients along with micro structural changes such as viscoplasticity, dynamic recrystallization, and static softening. In the present work, the viscoplasticity, damage evolution, static softening and void closure of alloyed metal during hot rolling process was numerically investigated. Gleeble^TM hot compression and double hit tests were performed to provide experimental stress-strain curves at recrystallization temperatures and at different strain rates. Johnson-Cook viscoplastic model was calibrated using experimental stress-strain curves. Static softening model was developed at varying …

Development Of A High-Pressure Infiltration Process For Phenol–Formaldehyde Matrix Composites, Samuel Weiler, Patrick Schwartzkopf, Henry Haffner, K. Chandrashekhara

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Phenol–formaldehyde (phenolic) thermosets are known for excellent heat and chemical resistance, high flame retardance, and good mechanical performance. However, phenolics are also known for their high brittleness, and tendency to form voids, due to a condensation reaction forming water during curing. These voids can decrease the mechanical performance of the resultant phenolic composite and introduce undesirable performance characteristics. This work aims to develop a technique that uses high-pressure infiltration to obtain dense phenolic matrix composites, with commercially available resin and fiber reinforcement. The high-pressure system developed in this work is compared to a conventional low-pressure resin infusion technique, and the …

Development Of Digital Twin For Fdm Printer With Preventive Cyber-Attack And Control Algorithms, Md Hazrat Ali, Asad Malik, Nursultan Jyeniskhan, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Essam Shehab, Frank Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a developed model of a Digital Twin (DT) for a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, real-time defect detection, and proposed frameworks for preventing cyber-attacks in real-time. It also highlights a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for controlling the material feed based on a real-time feedback system. The system is designed and developed based on DT, and MPC with integrated machine learning (ML) algorithms to establish real-time process control and enhance the safety and reliability of the physical plant. ML algorithm is used for anomaly detection based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The developed system can …

Hyper-Thick Electrodes For Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled By Micro-Electric-Field Process, Tazdik Patwary Plateau, Gracie Boyer, Jonghyun Park

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increasing electrode thickness is a key strategy to boost energy density in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which is essential for electric vehicles and energy storage applications. However, thick electrodes face significant challenges, including poor ion transport, long diffusion paths, and mechanical instability, all of which degrade battery performance. to overcome these barriers, a novel micro-electric-field (μ-EF) process is introduced that enhances particle alignment during fabrication with reduced distance between anode and cathode. This process produces hyper-thick (≈700 µm) electrodes with low tortuosity and improved ion diffusion. the μ-EF electrodes achieve high areal capacities (≈8 mAh cm−2), while maintaining power density and …

Kinetic Simulations Of Dust Grain Charging Near Surfaces Under Various Plasma Conditions, David Lund, Daoru Han

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents fully kinetic numerical investigations of the charging of spherical and irregular shaped dust grains in multiple configurations utilizing the Parallel Immersed-Finite-Element Particle-in-Cell Dusty (PIFE-PIC-D) framework. The simulations account for both surface charging and in-depth charging of the dust grains immersed in various ambient plasma conditions near a floating or biased surface. PIFE-PIC-D explicitly resolves the geometrical and material properties (permittivity and photoelectron emissions) of each individual dust grain. PIFE-PIC-D will model self-consistently the unsteady and stochastic charging of grains directly from the deposition of electrons and ions onto them. PIFE-PIC-D will also simulate the charging of irregular-shaped …

Development And Characterization Of An Ion Source To Simulate Low Earth Orbit Plasma Environment In A Vacuum Chamber, Emmanuel Kofi Asuako Wie-Addo, Scott Lucas, Daoru Han

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A magnetic filter-type plasma source has been installed and characterized in a 10 ft long x 6ft diameter vacuum chamber. The plasma source was characterized with a fleet of diagnostic probes including an in-house cylindrical Langmuir probe. This resulted in the measurement of key plasma parameters such as electron number density, electron temperature, plasma potential, Debye length, ion current density, streaming ion energy, ion number density, and streaming ion velocity. By varying the flow rates, discharge current, and distance, single points measurements were taken at three locations downstream of the plasma source to establish an optimum operating condition to simulate …

Investigating Bistable Dynamics Of Coupled Oscillators With Similarities To Neural Activity In Epilepsy, Nilay Kant, Ranjan Mukherjee

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamics of an oscillator, which exhibits a stable equilibrium and a stable limit cycle, is investigated. We refer to it as a bistable oscillator unit (BOU) and show that two coupled BOUs (CBOUs) exhibit dynamics analogous to neural activity patterns in epilepsy, including healthy, localized, and fully spread epileptic states. By treating each CBOU as an independent system influenced by the state of the other, we establish local input-to-state stability near the equilibrium and the limit cycle and estimate the ultimate bounds of the trajectories. Our analysis identifies the domain of the initial conditions and estimates the coupling parameter …

Dual Airfoil Testing System, Zifeng Yang, Collin Charvat, Jack Stafford, Kyle Mathews, Logan Kelly

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

A dual airfoil testing system includes a platform including a frame defining a chamber that is configured to receive a horizontal flow of air for testing a first airfoil and a second airfoil contained in the chamber and a control system including a controller to control a first attack angle stepper motor, a second attack angle stepper motor, at least one gap stepper motor, and at least one stagger stepper motor. The controller is configured to automatically control and adjust the stepper motors to control and adjust the attack angle of the first airfoil, the attack angle of the second …

การประเมินอายุความล้าของตะไบทางทันตกรรมแบบหมุนโดยวิธีทดสอบชิ้นงานร่วมกับระเบียบวิธีไฟไนต์เอลิเมนต์, กิตติพงษ์ สุดจินดา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ตะไบทันตกรรมเป็นเครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการรักษาคลองรากฟันเพื่อคงสภาพฟันไว้โดยไม่ต้องถอนออก ระหว่างการรักษา ตะไบเหล่านี้จะรับภาระแบบวัฏจักร ระหว่างภาระดึงและภาระอัด การใช้งานตะไบเกินกว่าขีดจำกัดความล้าของวัสดุ อาจทำให้เกิดการแตกหักจากความล้า โดยไม่มีสัญญาณให้เห็นล่วงหน้า ซึ่งอาจนำไปสู่ความล้มเหลวของการรักษา วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อสร้างเส้นโค้งความเค้น-อายุการใช้งาน และแบบความเครียด-อายุการใช้งาน เพื่อใช้ในการทำนายอายุความล้าของตะไบภายใต้สภาพความโค้งของคลองรากฟันที่แตกต่างกัน โดยไม่ต้องทราบคุณสมบัติความล้าของวัสดุตะไบ และเพื่อเปรียบเทียบความแม่นยำของเส้นโค้งทั้งสอง ในการดำเนินการ ได้ใช้ระเบียบวิธีไฟไนต์เอลิเมนต์ เพื่อจำลองพฤติกรรมทางกลของตะไบ และประเมินค่าแอมพลิจูดความเค้นและความเครียดจากตะไบในคลองรากฟันอย่างง่าย 8 ลักษณะความโค้ง จากนั้นทำการทดสอบความล้าดัดในคลองรากฟันแบบเดียวกันเพื่อเก็บข้อมูลอายุความล้า ข้อมูลที่ได้ถูกนำไปหาเส้นโค้งตัวแทนของข้อมูลด้วยสมการของ Basquin และ Coffin-Manson เพื่อสร้างเส้นโค้งความเค้น-อายุความล้า และความเครียด-อายุความล้า นอกจากนี้ยังได้ตรวจสอบความแม่นยำและความสอดคล้องของเส้นโค้งที่พัฒนาขึ้น โดยใช้ข้อมูลจากการทดสอบตะไบในคลองรากฟันที่มีลักษณะความโค้งแบบตัวเอส จำนวน 6 ลักษณะ ที่มีระดับแอมพลิจูดความเค้นและความเครียดต่างจากข้อมูลก่อนหน้า ผลการศึกษาแสดงให้เห็นว่าเส้นโค้งความเครียด-อายุการใช้งาน สามารถพยากรณ์อายุความล้าได้แม่นยำกว่า และสอดคล้องกับพฤติกรรมความล้าของตะไบมากกว่าเส้นโค้งความเค้น-อายุการใช้งาน) อย่างไรก็ตาม เส้นโค้งดังกล่าว สามารถใช้พยากรณ์ได้อย่างเหมาะสมเฉพาะในช่วงอายุความล้าที่ต่ำกว่า 2,500 รอบ ซึ่งแสดงถึงความจำเป็นในการศึกษาพฤติกรรมความล้าในรอบสูงเพิ่มเติมในอนาคต

Modeling For Electrical Performance Of The Bender-Typed Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (Peh), Pheerawit Inpra

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The increasing demand for small, wearable, and low-power electronic devices has led to the need for compact and efficient energy sources. Energy harvesting systems designed for such applications are typically compact to ensure seamless integration with the devices or to serve as suitable replacements for conventional batteries. One of the most suitable systems for harvesting energy from human motion is the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH). It offers high energy density, supports a wide range of vibration frequencies, and comes in a small form factor, making it increasingly popular in various devices. As PEHs become increasingly prevalent in real-world applications, developing …

การศึกษาคุณลักษณะด้านการออกแบบของแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนทรงกระบอกชนิด 18650 ที่มีอัตราส่วนกำลังต่อพลังงานต่างกัน, ภูมิวริสส์ วงษ์ถาวร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการศึกษาแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนชนิด 18650 ที่มีจำหน่ายในเชิงพาณิชย์ โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษา และ วิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพ ทางไฟฟ้า และ ทางเคมีของเซลล์แบตเตอรี่ ที่มีอัตราส่วนกำลังต่อพลังงานที่แตกต่างกันรวมไปถึงการเปรียบเทียบพารามิเตอร์ด้านการออกแบบของเซลล์แบตเตอรี่ และ สร้างความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างพารามิเตอร์ด้านการออกแบบ และ คุณสมบัติด้านต่าง ๆ กับ อัตราส่วนกำลังต่อพลังงาน ตัวอย่างเซลล์แบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีอัตราส่วนของกำลังต่อพลังงานที่แตกต่างกัน 4 ตัวอย่าง ถูกนำมาวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพ ได้แก่ ขนาดความกว้าง ความยาว และน้ำหนักของแบตเตอรี่ และวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางไฟฟ้า ได้แก่ ความจุพลังงาน กำลังไฟฟ้า และความต้านทานภายใน ซึ่งวิเคราะห์โดยอ้างอิงตามมาตรฐาน IEC62660 โดยค่าอัตราส่วนของกำลังต่อพลังงานของเซลล์แบตเตอรี่ สามารถคำนวณได้จากการทดสอบดังกล่าว และมีค่าเรียงลำดับจากน้อยไปหามากดังนี้ 3.23 , 8.00 , 11.70 และ 12.97 W/Wh จากนั้นเซลล์แบตเตอรี่จะถูกแยกส่วนประกอบเพื่อวิเคราะห์ถึงลักษณะทางกายภาพของส่วนประกอบ ได้แก่ ความยาว ความหนาของขั้วอิเล็กโทรดและตัวรับกระแสไฟฟ้า ค่าการนำไฟฟ้าของขั้วอิเล็กโทรด และ โครงสร้างของขั้วอิเล็กโทรด กับ เยื่อเลือกผ่าน ได้แก่ ขนาดอนุภาคของวัสดุทำขั้ว และ ลักษณะสัณฐานวิทยาของเยื่อเลือกผ่าน ซึ่งจะถูกวิเคราะห์โดยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกราด รวมไปถึงวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางเคมี โดยการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบทางเคมีบนขั้วอิเล็กโทรด ซึ่งจากการวิเคราะห์พบว่า จากการวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางไฟฟ้าของแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีความสามารถในการให้กำลังไฟฟ้าสูง จะมีอัตราส่วนกำลังต่อพลังงานสูงกว่า มีแนวโน้มค่าความต้านทานภายในที่ต่ำกว่า และมีค่าการนำไฟฟ้าที่สูงกว่า แบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีความสามารถในการเก็บความจุพลังงานสูง จากการวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพพบว่าแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีความสามารถในการให้กำลังไฟฟ้าสูง จะมีความยาวของขั้วอิเล็กโทรดที่มากกว่า แบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีความสามารถในการเก็บความจุพลังงานสูง แต่จะมีความหนา และขนาดของอนุภาคของขั้วอิเล็กโทรดน้อยกว่าแบตเตอรี่ลิเธียมไอออนที่มีความสามารถในการเก็บความจุพลังงานสูง และจากการวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางเคมีบว่าแบตเตอรี่ที่ทำการทดสอบนั้นมีองค์ประกอบทางเคมีของขั้วแคโทด และ แอโนดเดียวกัน คือ NMC811 และ กราไฟต์ กับ ซิลิกอน