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Articles 4381 - 4410 of 4581

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

In-Situ Measurements Of Blast Seismic Waves And Their Safety Distance, Rui-Geng Zhu, Li Zhen Apr 1981

In-Situ Measurements Of Blast Seismic Waves And Their Safety Distance, Rui-Geng Zhu, Li Zhen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Empirical formulae and their applications are given after systematically analysing the seismic wave data as measured in various blasting operations. The computed results are ln close agreement with the field measured data

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In Situ Measurement On Dynamic Modulus And Damping Of Pleistocene Soils, H. Mori, H. Tsuchiya Apr 1981

In Situ Measurement On Dynamic Modulus And Damping Of Pleistocene Soils, H. Mori, H. Tsuchiya

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents the results of measurement on the dynamic modulus of deformation and damping ratio of dense sand or stiff clay of the Pleistocene epoch using a dynamic pressuremeter. The paper first describes an outline of an instrument and procedures of the dynamic pressuremeter test, which include necessary correction of data for eliminating the influence of compressibility and damping of the instrument. From the results of field measurement, the moduli derived from the dynamic pressuremeter tests were found several times greater than those from laboratory tests which were affected by disturbance of soil samples.

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Dynamic Triaxial And Vibratory In-Situ Behavior Of Cohesive Soil, M. S. Ei-Hosri, J. Biarez, P. Y. Hicher Apr 1981

Dynamic Triaxial And Vibratory In-Situ Behavior Of Cohesive Soil, M. S. Ei-Hosri, J. Biarez, P. Y. Hicher

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In-situ and laboratory shear modulus data are presented and compared. In-situ tests included the cross-hole seismic survey at a stiff marl site, while laboratory tests included the cyclic triaxial test on undisturbed specimens obtained from the same site. The cyclic triaxial device presented in this investigation has been developed and improved so that the reliable response of soil can be measured directly from the specimen over a large range of strain (from 10-6 to 10-2 ). A series of cyclic triaxial tests were performed under stress controlled condition over a range of frequency from 0,5 to 10 Hz …

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Dynamic Behavior Of Soils From Field And Laboratory Tests, W. P. Grant, F. R. Brown Jr. Apr 1981

Dynamic Behavior Of Soils From Field And Laboratory Tests, W. P. Grant, F. R. Brown Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Both geophysical and laboratory tests were used to determine the dynamic shear moduli of medium stiff to hard clays and silts at six sites. The geophysical measurements included conventional downhole tests conducted at low strain levels and modified cross-hole impulse tests conducted over a wide range of strains. Laboratory resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests were performed on soil samples retrieved from borings made at the sites. The results from both the field and laboratory tests of the medium stiff to stiff sols showed fairly good agreement. The laboratory test results of the hard clays and silts, however, were typically …

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Soil Model Of Effective Stress For Seismic Loadings, Wang Zhiliang, Wang Yuqing Apr 1981

Soil Model Of Effective Stress For Seismic Loadings, Wang Zhiliang, Wang Yuqing

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Generalized Masing Curve, recently proposed, has been improved in this paper to involve the effect of pore pressure on shear modulus and damping ratio. Fraction cycle method for pore pressure generation can be adopted to avoid the iterative computation, which is necessary in equivalent cycle method.

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Monitoring Rock Blasting For Tunnel Construction, P. Deó, D. L. Hanson, K. R. Hindo Apr 1981

Monitoring Rock Blasting For Tunnel Construction, P. Deó, D. L. Hanson, K. R. Hindo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A program for the monitoring of rock blasting operations for the construction of a sewer tunnel has been discussed. A summary of observations together with pertinent conclusions and recommendations regarding the blasting operations, the potential for damage to nearby structures and criteria for safe blasting operations has been presented. It is recommended that peak particle velocity be restricted to two inches per second in horizontal direction at the nearest existing structure to prevent cracking of walls.

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Cyclic Simple Shear Of Large Scale Sand Samples: Effects Of Diameter To Height Ratio, W. D. Kovacs, E. Leo Apr 1981

Cyclic Simple Shear Of Large Scale Sand Samples: Effects Of Diameter To Height Ratio, W. D. Kovacs, E. Leo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Cyclic drained simple shear tests on a dry sand using a 12 in diameter sample with sample heights of 1, 2, and 4 in show the effect of Diameter/Height ratio on the shear modulus and percent of critical hysteretic damping at various shear strain levels. The shear modulus is found to increase with cycle number and with increasing specimen size. The D/H ratio is found to affect the shear modulus at low shear strains (< 1 percent) and found to have little effect at higher shear strains and at failure. The hysteretic damping decreases for all values of shear strain tested (0.01 to 1 percent) as the cycle number and D/H ratio increases. Possible implications on design and pore pressure development are mentioned.

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Session 1a: Opening Remarks And Moderator's Report, F. E. Richart Jr., Richard D. Woods Apr 1981

Session 1a: Opening Remarks And Moderator's Report, F. E. Richart Jr., Richard D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Session 1: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Session 1: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Cyclic Strength Of Undisturbed Mine Tailings, Kenji Ishihara, Susumu Yasuda, Koichiro Yokota Apr 1981

Cyclic Strength Of Undisturbed Mine Tailings, Kenji Ishihara, Susumu Yasuda, Koichiro Yokota

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to update existing regulations for the seismic design of tailings retention dikes, extensive investigations were undertaken for 15 existing tailings dams throughout Japan. Undisturbed samples procured from the tailings disposal ponds were tested ln the laboratory to determine the cyclic strength of the in-situ tailings deposits. The results of cyclic triaxial tests on these materials are summarized by means of empirical formulae which are recommended for incorporation in the new seismic design code for the tailings dams.

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Pore Pressure In Silty Sand Under Cyclic Shear, R. L. Wei, T. L. Guo, Y. M. Zuo Apr 1981

Pore Pressure In Silty Sand Under Cyclic Shear, R. L. Wei, T. L. Guo, Y. M. Zuo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to study the liquefaction phenomena of silty sand, saturated specimens prepared in the laboratory according to the dry unit weight of undisturbed samples are used to examine the cyclic shear resistance, pore pressure and residual shear strain developed in these specimens under cyclic loading. These tests are accomplished with a cyclic simple shear test apparatus developed in Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute. Based on results of these tests expressions of cyclic shear resistance, pore pressure, dynamic shear modulus and residual shear strain as functions of number of cycles, consolidation pressure, initial and cyclic shear stress etc. have been developed.

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Mechanical Behavior Of Cohesive Soil Under Repeated Loading, K. Akai, Y. Ohnishi, Y. Yamanaka, K. Nakagawa Apr 1981

Mechanical Behavior Of Cohesive Soil Under Repeated Loading, K. Akai, Y. Ohnishi, Y. Yamanaka, K. Nakagawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new triaxial apparatus which can control the stress condition automatically in a constant mean principal stress under repeated loading was developed, Mechanical behavior of cohesive soils under repeated loading was investigated. Excess pore water pressure generated in loading cycles was measured and the experimental results were interpreted in terms of effective stress by using elasto-plastic models.

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Estimation Of In-Situ Clay Strengths Using Marine Sediment Penetrators, R. L. Mcneill, A. D. Foster Apr 1981

Estimation Of In-Situ Clay Strengths Using Marine Sediment Penetrators, R. L. Mcneill, A. D. Foster

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method has been developed to calculate soil shear strengths from the measured decelerations of a free-fall penetrator. The method is easy to apply, and appears to yield accurate estimates of in-situ soil strength over a wide variety of soil conditions, and for many different sizes and weights of penetrators. For gassy and/or sensitive soils, the method may yield strength values more accurate than those determined by conventional boring, sampling, and laboratory testing.

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In-Situ Measurements Of Pore Pressures, R. L. Mcneill, E. W. Reece Apr 1981

In-Situ Measurements Of Pore Pressures, R. L. Mcneill, E. W. Reece

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As engineering moves into deeper waters, measurements of soil properties in the laboratory may be highly suspect if the soils are gassy. Strength and pore-pressure data are presented and discussed. A suggestion is made for development of pore-pressure gauges to detect the presence of clathrates.

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Mechanical Behavior Of Granite Under Cyclic Compression, V. Rajaram Apr 1981

Mechanical Behavior Of Granite Under Cyclic Compression, V. Rajaram

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A better understanding of soil/rock-structure interaction is invaluable in the seismic design of concrete and masonry structures. In an effort to understand the behavior of rock under cyclic compression, both intact and faulted specimens of Westerly granite (2.5 cm. dia. x 6.25 cm. long) were subjected to uniaxial and triaxial loading at a uniform rate of one cycle per second. The fatigue strength under uniaxial loading at 106 cycles was found to be about 70% of the static compressive strength, and confining pressure improved fatigue resistance considerably. The accumulated permanent strain at the maximum stress level was found to …

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Nonlinear Soil Properties Estimated From Strong Motion Accelerograms, K. Tokimatsu, S. Midorikawa Apr 1981

Nonlinear Soil Properties Estimated From Strong Motion Accelerograms, K. Tokimatsu, S. Midorikawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rational procedure is developed for estimating dynamic soil properties from strong motion accelerograms obtained only at the ground surface. The method consisting of spectrum analysis and multi-reflection analysis could permit evaluation of time histories of shear modulus versus shear strain in the soil during an earthquake. The method is applied to four sites where the soil profile is relatively simple and where several strong motion records are available. The analytical results show that (1) the first predominant period of surface soil increases with an increase in shear strain developed in the soil, (2) the strain-dependent shear moduli evaluated from …

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Soil Behavior Under Dynamic Loadings, T. Goltom, G. Baladi Apr 1981

Soil Behavior Under Dynamic Loadings, T. Goltom, G. Baladi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were performed on clay samples obtained from the subgrades of existing highway pavements in the State of Michigan. These samples were unconsolidated or isotropically consolidated and then tested under the following conditions: 1) confining pressures of 34.5 psi and 172.4 kPa (5 and 25 psi), 2) a range of stress ratio from 2 to 4, 3) a constant frequency of one cycle per second, and 4) at the natural water contents. Test equipment included an MTS electrohydraulic closed-1oop system which applies the sustained and cyclic loads to the sample in a stress-controlled mode, a minicomputer which …

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Progressive Strain Of Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, D. H. Timmerman, S. Leelanitkul Apr 1981

Progressive Strain Of Sand Due To Cyclic Loading, D. H. Timmerman, S. Leelanitkul

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Progressive axial strain produced by cyclic, triaxial loading conditions was measured on Ottawa sand samples of various relative densities. The theoretical cyclic shearing strain amplitude in each sample was determined using a modified, hyperbolic shearing stress-shearing strain relationship. The data shows a linear log-log correlation between the measured progressive axial strain and the calculated cyclic shearing strain amplitude. The correlation is proposed as a general procedure for predicting progressive strains resulting from general cyclic, triaxial loading conditions.

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Analysis Of Stress Distribution In Torsional Shear Testing, J. S. Denatale, C. K. Shen, L. R. Herrmann, J. L. Vrymoed Apr 1981

Analysis Of Stress Distribution In Torsional Shear Testing, J. S. Denatale, C. K. Shen, L. R. Herrmann, J. L. Vrymoed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The research described herein is concerned with the establishment of a specimen geometry that will lead to a more uniform stress distribution in cyclic torsional shear testing. This goal is realized by means of a parametric study using the method of finite elements and a homogeneous, isotropic, linear-elastic soil characterization. The results of these analyses provide a good qualitative measure of the relative effects of the several parameters under consideration. On the basis of the parametric study, design charts are developed which enable an appropriate specimen geometry to be selected for any specified degree of stress uniformity.

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Behavior Of Interfaces Between Structural And Geologic Media, C. S. Desai Apr 1981

Behavior Of Interfaces Between Structural And Geologic Media, C. S. Desai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The main objective of this paper is to identify and discuss the subject of the effect of interface behavior on the overall soil-structure interaction in building foundation systems. A brief review of the previous approaches based on the assumption of compatibility between the structure and soil is followed by a discussion of the recent efforts toward inclusion of relative slip, debonding and rebonding at interfaces. Here available models in the context of the lumped parameter and finite element approaches are reviewed. A number of models used in static and dynamic analyses are presented, and the difficulties associated with those based …

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Cyclic Loading On Clays, P. Y. Hicher, M. S. Elhosri Apr 1981

Cyclic Loading On Clays, P. Y. Hicher, M. S. Elhosri

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Experimental results using triaxial undrained cyclic tests on remolded and non-remolded are exposed. The influence of the clay structure is shown by choosing four clays with different mineralogies (kaolinite, illite, bentonite, marl). Different over consolidation ratios are used and the fatigue phenomenon is studied in relation to the evolution of the effective stress path.

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Analysis For Liquefaction: Empirical Approach, M. K. Yegian, B. M. Vitelli Apr 1981

Analysis For Liquefaction: Empirical Approach, M. K. Yegian, B. M. Vitelli

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An improved analytical method to calculate the likelihood of soil liquefaction is described. The method is based on an expanded list of case histories of liquefaction and no-liquefaction and employs earthquake magnitude and hypocentral distance to describe the intensity of shaking at a site. The new list of case histories is compiled from a complete re-evaluation of previously published case histories and field data observed in more recent earthquakes. Specific applications of the proposed procedure are described and an example analysis is presented.

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Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential Based On Seismic Energy Dissipation, R. O. Davis, J. B. Berrill Apr 1981

Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential Based On Seismic Energy Dissipation, R. O. Davis, J. B. Berrill

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple relationship between dynamic pore pressure increase, earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, initial effective overburden stress, and SPT value is proposed. The model is based on the concept that pore pressure increase depends upon the density of seismic energy dissipated at the site.

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Field Correlation Of Soil Liquefaction With Spt And Grain Size, K. Tokimatsu, Y. Yoshimi Apr 1981

Field Correlation Of Soil Liquefaction With Spt And Grain Size, K. Tokimatsu, Y. Yoshimi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Two earthquakes of magnitudes 6.7 and 7.4 that occurred in 1978 off the Pacific coast of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, provided field liquefaction data for a fairly wide range of peak ground surface acceleration from 100 to 290 gal. The range of SPT N-values was also fairly wide because special efforts were made to collect non-liquefaction data in addition to liquefaction data. Dynamic shear stress ratios adjusted for earthquake magnitudes and effective overburden pressures are plotted against N-values adjusted for effective overburden pressures. The field data are compared with two methods proposed recently, one by Seed and the other by Iwasaki …

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Soil Liquefaction Potential Evaluation With Use Of The Simplified Procedure, T. Iwasaki, K. Tokida, F. Tatsuoka Apr 1981

Soil Liquefaction Potential Evaluation With Use Of The Simplified Procedure, T. Iwasaki, K. Tokida, F. Tatsuoka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method based on both a liquefaction resistance factor, FL and a liquefaction potential factor, PL has been proposed for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. The factor FL indicates the liquefaction potential at a given depth of a site, and the factor PL indicates the one at a site. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by calculating the factors FL and PL at both liquefied and non-liquefied sites during past typical earthquakes in Japan, and carrying out shaking table tests.

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Liquefaction Characteristics Of Undisturbed Soils, R. G. Campanella, B. S. Lim Apr 1981

Liquefaction Characteristics Of Undisturbed Soils, R. G. Campanella, B. S. Lim

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed samples of natural soil deposits in order to investigate some of the factors affecting its liquefaction characteristics. It was shown that when the cyclic deviator stress is normalized with respect to major principal effective stress the number of cycles to liquefaction is not affected by sample size, consolidation stress, anisotropic consolidation, and grain size and density variations. However, liquefaction resistance was markedly increased by increasing over-consolidation ratio and aging. Also, sample disturbance of loose soils results in an increase, or unconservative measurement, of liquefaction resistance.

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Liquefaction Potential: Developments Since 1976, W. D. Liam Finn Apr 1981

Liquefaction Potential: Developments Since 1976, W. D. Liam Finn

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Developments in the analysis and assessment of liquefaction potential since 1976 are critically reviewed. The major development is the emergence of dynamic effective stress analysis and its gradual introduction into practice. Other topics reviewed include constant volume cyclic simple shear testing, quantitative analysis of the effects of system compliance on the results of cyclic loading tests, probabilistic methods and the effects of overconsolidated, previous stress history, static shear stresses and geological aging on liquefaction potential.

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Comparative Studies Of Soil Liquefaction Potential During The 1970 Peru Earthquake, A. Carrillo-Gil Apr 1981

Comparative Studies Of Soil Liquefaction Potential During The 1970 Peru Earthquake, A. Carrillo-Gil

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A brief evaluation is made of research conducted to determine liquefaction potential for the sandy soils along the coastal areas of Peru, which present such characteristics that make them susceptible for development of this particular phenomenon under a very intense earthquake. It has been determined for the specific case of the Chimbote area, that some parts of the city present dangerous unstable conditions due to the present position of the water-table level, soil type and their relative density, that caused liquefaction during the 1970 earthquake. On the other hand, in these areas the simplified method has been employed to establish …

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Soil Liquefaction Seismic Risk Analysis Based On Post 1979 Earthquake Observations In Montenegro, K. Talaganov, J. Petrovski, V. Mihailov Apr 1981

Soil Liquefaction Seismic Risk Analysis Based On Post 1979 Earthquake Observations In Montenegro, K. Talaganov, J. Petrovski, V. Mihailov

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The scale and consequences of soil liquefaction during April 15, 1979 Montenegro earthquake rose a problem of explanation of this phenomena and assessment of the ground behaviour during future earthquakes. The analysis, the details and results presented in this paper is divided into two parts: The first part comprises soil liquefaction during Aprill5 1979 earthquake including the analysis of both geotechnical conditions and excitation potential inducing them. In order to realise the scale and the properties of the phenomenon, distribution of the locations with manifestations likely to have been induced by soil liquefaction, as observed on the ground surface and …

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A Parametric Study Of An Effective Stress Liquefaction Model, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius P. Lam, Stephen L. Mccaskie, Chan-Feng Tsai Apr 1981

A Parametric Study Of An Effective Stress Liquefaction Model, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius P. Lam, Stephen L. Mccaskie, Chan-Feng Tsai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method for evaluating the soil parameters required for effective stress analyses of the earthquake liquefaction potential of saturated sands is described. By means of parametric studies, it is demonstrated that the drained volume change and rebound constants required, may be backfitted to match a given field liquefaction strength curve. By means of this technique, fully coupled effective stress response analyses and site liquefaction evaluations can become a more routine engineering tool.

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