Engineering Commons^™

Densifying A Landfill For Commercial Development, S. B. Steinberg, R. G. Lukas

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a case study of a dynamic compaction ("pounding") project, undertaken in Skokie, Illinois. The purpose was to densify a 50-ft deep former municipal waste landfill for support of a one-story warehouse structure on shallow foundations. The majority of the pounding was performed utilizing a 15-ton weight falling from a height of 60 ft. In some areas, lower energy levels were used for surface compaction. All phases of the project are discussed, beginning with the subsurface exploration program and geotechnical analysis, through the experimental test pounding section, and the final check borings to observe that the "production" pounding …

Design Of Road Cut Adjacent To Existing Structure, G. C. Whited, C. N. Laughter

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Interchange improvements within an urban environment required the deepening of a hillside cut. Design restraints required as deep a cut as possible without disturbing a water tower located at the crest of the slope or interfering with a shopping center at the toe. The water tower, constructed in 1933 with a steel tank encased in a concrete and brick structure, was founded on shallow spread footings. Foundation soils were silts and silty sands with seams of silty clay. The design investigation involved hydrogeologic studies, SPT borings, undisturbed sampling, laboratory testing, and stability analyses. Laboratory studies involved routine and unusual testing …

Dewatering Of The Construction Site For A 200-Foot Diameter Clarifier Tank Founded On Sand And Gravel, Grover C. Cox Iii

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the preliminary design, the field modifications applied to the final design, and additions made to the dewatering system for a wastewater treatment plant. The site history is described, as are the exploration, design and construction phases of the dewatering operation. The difference between the predicted results and the actual results and lessons learned from experience in the field are discussed. The data includes design parameters for hydrological applications derived from the site soils and the groundwater elevations from one month before the beginning of construction through the construction of the clarifier tank and an additional pump building.

Direct And Indirect Influence Of Mining Related Subsidence On Structural Damages - A Case Study, H. J. Siriwardane, L. K. Moulton

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An investigation of causes of damages to a structure located at a toe of a hillside over an undermined area is described. The investigation included a finite element analysis and an analysis of landslide susceptibility of the hillside. Direct and Indirect influence of mining activity appears to be the cause of structural damages.

Dykes On Clay Foundation At Bersimis 2, S. Z. Akber

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper discusses the behaviour (settlement, high foundation pore pressure, horizontal displacement and seepage) of two dykes founded on a thick clay deposit, since their completion in December, 1958 to date. In the first case, coarse and fine sand layers successively cover an over sixty meters thick clay deposit; in the second case, an eight to thirty meters thick clay layer is underlain by a heterogeneous granular deposit. Foundation treatments including problems encountered during the foundation works are discussed. Results of static and pseudo-static analyses carried out using the measured high pore pressures are compared with the factors of safety …

General Report A For Theme Nine – Case Histories In Subsidence Of Soils, Tunnels And Shafts In Soft Ground, Waste Disposal Sites And Pavements, Hal Aldrich

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

General Report B For Theme Nine – Geotechnical History Of Projects Other Than Presented In Sessions 1-8, Charles Mansur

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Geotechnical Aspects Of The Fort Mchenry Tunnel - Design And Construction, S. K. Sarkar, G. A. Munfakh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The geotechnical considerations affecting the design and construction of an immersed-tube tunnel are presented. Construction of the tunnel required deep excavations in overconsolidated fissured and slickensided clay deposits. Undrained, long-term residual and fully softened drained strength parameters were determined. The depth of excavation and the life of the cut slope were considered in selecting the design parameters for the slope study analysis. A tied-back soldier pile and lagging system was used for protection of the east end excavation in a congested urban area. Each tie-back was tested according to a simple acceptance criteria developed during construction. Lateral displacements measured behind …

Ground Improvement For Oil Tank Farm In Indonesia, A. F. Abbs, J. M. Cognon, R. W. N. Kelsey

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This case study describes the use of ground improvement to treat a highly variable site, where new oil storage tanks were constructed. Varied techniques were used comprising a combination of dynamic compaction, preload, vertical drains and replacement. Settlement data from the storage tanks during water test shows the treatment to have been successful.

Ground Movement Characteristics Above Mined Panels In Appalachia-An Empirical Approach, M. Karmis, T. Triplett, P. Schillizzi, G. Hasenfus

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The growing recognition of mining subsidence and its effects has provoked numerous investigations into the modeling and prediction of this phenomenon. Through an analysis of case histories and examination of the various modeling techniques, it has become apparent that empirical studies currently represent the most realistic approach to this problem. However, the collection, analysis and interpretation of subsidence and strain data acquired from case studies presents substantial difficulties, due to varying monitoring techniques and methods of analysis. In this paper it is suggested that a prescribed monitoring program could eliminate these problems and ensure quality data by standardizing the measurement …

Highway Interchange Constructed With Slurry Walls, E. Itzig Heine, Frank A. Mcdonough, Surinder Singh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of slurry walls to support 40 feet high embankments and bridge structures at Techwood-Spring Connector, part of Williams Street Interchange in Atlanta, is described. Advantages of using slurry walls in lieu of conventional walls are discussed.

Improvement Of A Dumped Rockfill Foundation By Dynamic Consolidation, Adrian Wightman, Nelson F. Beaton

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes an Industrial Park development, on the British Columbia coast, where Dynamic Consolidation was chosen to densify a loose rockfill prior to construction of a modern high capacity sawmill on shallow foundations. The design and execution of the compaction are described. The in situ tests used to monitor the compaction are described and results presented. It is concluded that the desired result was achieved, and this is supported by a survey of foundation elevations taken four years after construction.

Instrumentation Of A Sewer Tunnel In Weak Singapore Soils, K. W. Lo, G. P. Karunaratne, S. L. Lee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The effects of tunnelling in soft ground consisting mainly of Singapore marine clay were recently monitored to establish ground response characteristics. A sewer tunnel of 2.1 m square section was driven at a depth of 6.3 m in this soil by jacking conventional shield and face supports against installed timber lining. Ground response was monitored by an assortment of field instruments read over several weeks' duration. Peck's proposal (1969) of fitting a normal distribution profile to lateral surface settlement field plots when a heading is well past, and the suggestion by Oshikoshi et al 0978) that similar profiles may be …

Mechanism Of Dynamic Consolidation And Its Environmental Effect, Zhong-Qi Wang, Xiang-Iin Deng

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper is contributed as case histories in ground soil improvement with particular emphasis of dynamic consolidation. The authors try to present as much as they got from the field testings and observations including vibrational parameters, pore pressures, stereoscopic photogrammetry, etc. in order to trace the real behaviour of ground movement during tamping. It is believed that all the data got from the field work are rather informative and illustrative than that from theoretical modelling in the laboratory. Thus, some highlights relating effective thickness of compaction, maximum spacing between compaction points, number of blows for optimum tamping and seismic attenuation …

Performance Of Sand Drains In A Tidal Marsh, R. P. Long, W. H. Hover

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the field behavior of a jetted sand drain installation at a preloaded wastewater treatment facility site in Gloucester, Massachusetts, U.S.A. The site is underlain by surficial estuary deposits above a stratum of stiff to soft clays. Detailed subsurface explorations and laboratory testing program provided data to predict amounts and rates of primary compression and rates of secondary compression in the referenced strata. The field behavior is compared to predictions through analyzed values of total settlement at the end of primary compression, coefficient of consolidation, and coefficient of secondary compression. A field instrumentation program allowed monitoring of settlements …

Preloading For Large Storage Building, A. C. Stamatopoulos, P. C. Kotzias

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The properties and method of preloading a 11 m erratic deposit of soft clays and loose sands, are described. Under the preload embankment of 12 m the deposit compressed an average of 7%. Settlement developed rapidly and excess porepressure dissipated within few days, never exceeding 2.1 m of water head. After preload removal borings were performed to compare results with those obtained on the untreated site. This comparison showed that the compressibility and strength of both the clayey and sandy components improved substantially and that the subsurface became more homogeneous. The projected structure built on the improved ground has performed …

Settlements Induced By Soft Ground Tunneling, Miguel P. Romo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground settlements induced by air-pressure shield tunneling throughout the soft clays of Mexico City have been monitored in five test sections by means of settlement points installed at various depths and distances from the tunnel axis. Subsoil conditions and soil characteristics at each site were thoroughly studied in the field and in the laboratory. Measured settlement profiles have been compared to those computed by a simplified analytical procedure showing very good agreement.

Soil-Cement Backfill For Nuclear Power Plant Foundations, E. Saveri, G. P. Vaccaro, G. Varosio

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Soil-cement backfills have been analyzed, designed and tested for the Alto Lazio Nuclear Power Plant in Italy. Extensive analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of and stresses in soil-cement foundation backfills. Soil-structure interaction was also analyzed. The minimum required cement content for foundation and general backfills was established and verified by means of laboratory and field tests. Foundation backfills were designed for two major buildings of the plant.

Subsidence Affects Due To Gypsum Solution In Syracuse, New York, G. W. Lee, S. P. Clemence, S. K. Bhatia, S. Anagnost

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two apartment buildings owned by Syracuse University in the Slocum Heights area underwent extensive differential settlement manifested by foundation cracks. Examination of rock exposures in the nearby area revealed the presence of gypsum beds. Onsite boring and investigation revealed that regrading and installation of french drains and storm sewers influenced the groundwater regime resulting in solutioning of the gypsum and subsequent collapse of underground cavities. Remedial measures included alteration of drainage system and underpinning of apartment structures.

The Brenda Mines' Cycloned- Sand Tailings Dam, Earle J. Klohn

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For the benefit of those readers not fully conversant with mine tailings and the methods commonly used to store them, the paper presents a brief overview covering the composition of tailings and the procedures commonly used to design and construct the required tailings dams. The remainder of the paper presents a detailed description of the design, construction, and performance of the Brenda Cycloned-Sand Tailings Dam. This includes a summary and assessment of the large volume of data available from extensive field, laboratory, and office studies that have been ongoing since the start of construction in 1968. The most recent of …

Upgrading Existing Footings With Micro-Piles, Surinder Singh, E. Itzig Heine

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of pressure-injected micro-piles to upgrade the load carrying capacity of existing spread footings and to limit settlement is described. Theoretical pile load capacity and predicted settlement have been verified by a full-scale pile load test.

Conference Participants, Multiple Participants

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Concluding Session, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Geology Of Maine's Coastline : A Handbook For Resource Planners, Developers, And Managers, Maine State Planning Office

Maine Collection

The Geology of Maine's Coastline : A Handbook for Resource Planners, Developers, and Managers

Executive Department, Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, Maine, June 1983.

Contents: List of Figures / Introduction: The Geological Connection / Chapter 1: Using the Marine Environments Maps / Chapter 2: Perspectives of the Maine Coast / Chapter 3: The Building Blocks of Maine's Coast / Chapter 4: The Disappearing Shoreline / Where to Go for Help / Some Planning Considerations for Development in Coastal Geologic Environments / Land Use Laws of Special Interest to Individual Coastal Property Owners

Preface, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Sessions, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Organizing Committee, Multiple Members

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

A New Soil Model And Dynamic Soil Properties, Y. Gyoten, K. Mizuhata, T. Fukusumi, H. Hamada, T. Hirose

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of cyclic triaxial loading tests with varying strain amplitude were performed on samples of clay and sand. Three types of polynomial functions and a hyperbolic function were applied to express the experimental nonlinear hysteresis curve of soils under cyclic loading conditions. These functions were used for the earthquake response analysis of the actual ground containing alluvial clay layer and of the idealized saturated sandy soil ground whose stiffness gradually decreases as the development of pore-water pressure. The results of the dynamic responses and the liquefaction potential were compared for a particular actual site and an idealized site by …

Creep Effects On Low-Amplitude Modulus Of Clays, G. A. Athanasopoulos, F. E. Richart Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The investigation considered effects of on-going or previous drained creep on the low amplitude dynamic shear modulus of normally consolidated artificial and natural clay soils. Resonant column tests using the Hardin and Hall devices determined the low-amplitude shear modulus. Results indicated that the strain-rate of on-going creep determined the kind of effect on shear modulus. High strain-rates produced reduced values whereas low strain-rates slightly increased values of modulus, compared to the no-creep values. Previous creep produced higher values of modulus, when the clay was tested under after-creep isotropic confinement. The rate of secondary increase of shear modulus was not affected …

The Shear Modulus And Deformation Of Soils Under Cyclic Loading, Ting Hu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper the dynamic deformation stages of soils under cyclic loading and the major factors affecting the shear modulus of soils are analyzed. The in-situ measurement of surface wave by larger energy source to obtain the shear modulus of the ground is described. On considering the important effect of shearing dilatancy on shear modulus of sandy soils, a modified formula is proposed. For typical soils, the axial strains under cyclic loading are determined either for estimating shear modulus or for the deformation analysis in design.