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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 3901 - 3930 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Effects Of Geology And Geotechnical Properties Of Rocks For The Selection Of Type Of Dams, Baqir Hasan Jun 1988

Effects Of Geology And Geotechnical Properties Of Rocks For The Selection Of Type Of Dams, Baqir Hasan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The topography, geology, foundation conditions and geotechnical properties of the rock units play a dominant role in the selection of type of a dam. It is usually difficult to determine initially, what particular type of dam is technically feasible and economically viable, for a particular dam site. In selecting the most suitable type of dam, a thorough consideration is given to the characteristic of each type of dam. Before the final selection of the type of dam, detailed evaluation is made of location, topography, geology, foundation condition, geological structure, seismicity, depth of the overburden in the valley section, geotechnical properties …

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Engineering Design Of Rock Slope Reinforcement Based On Non-Linear Joint Strength Model, Stavros C. Bandis Jun 1988

Engineering Design Of Rock Slope Reinforcement Based On Non-Linear Joint Strength Model, Stavros C. Bandis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Optimum dimensioning of bolts or anchors for the reinforcement of slopes in jointed rock masses, requires compatible strength-deformation data, for both the rock joints and the reinforcing elements. Most types of rock joints behave in non- linear fashion and, thus, realistic modelling can have serious implications in the design, both from the economical and the technical standpoints. This paper will present, briefly, the principles of a constitutive model of joint shear behaviour and a method for optimum bolt or anchor design. The implications of non-linear joint behaviour will be demonstrated with numerical examples. Finally, a case study of slope stabilization, …

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Evaluation Of The Site Investigation And Construction Related Aspects Of The Milwaukee's Crosstown Deep Tunnel, R. C. Ilsley, S. B. Fradkin, E. F. Shorey Jun 1988

Evaluation Of The Site Investigation And Construction Related Aspects Of The Milwaukee's Crosstown Deep Tunnel, R. C. Ilsley, S. B. Fradkin, E. F. Shorey

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The excavation of the 21,300 foot long, 32.33 foot diameter Crosstown Phase I Tunnel was completed by tunnel boring machine at an average rate of 108 feet per 3 shift day. No geologic conditions were encountered which were sufficiently adverse to impede the work. The geotechnical report combined with contract provisions prevented the unusual conditions encountered from becoming issues that delayed the work. It is probable that the monetary aspects related to these unusual conditions can be equitably resolved using the geotechnical data “base line” portrayed in the geotechnical report.

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Foundation Investigation And Treatment For The Main Dam, Italpu Project, John G. Cabrera Jun 1988

Foundation Investigation And Treatment For The Main Dam, Italpu Project, John G. Cabrera

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

After selection of the site for this major hydroelectric project on the Upper Parana River, initial borings in the river bed revealed an extremely fractured zone near the base of the dense basalt flow on which the main dam would be founded. This zone was later seen to correspond to intersecting faults beneath the river bed, therefore upon dewatering the river channel several exploratory tunnels were driven parallel and perpendicular to the dam axis, foreseeing their incorporation into an elaborate "shear key" system to prevent renewed movements of the shear zones. The tunnel grid was backfilled with concrete through holes …

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Geo-Engineering Problems In The Spillway Foundations And Their Treatment At Guhai Reservoir Project In Gujurat, India, D. M. Pancholi, K. E. Modhwadia, P. H. Vaidya Jun 1988

Geo-Engineering Problems In The Spillway Foundations And Their Treatment At Guhai Reservoir Project In Gujurat, India, D. M. Pancholi, K. E. Modhwadia, P. H. Vaidya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

During the initial stage of construction of a 23 m high composite dam across the Guhai river, the downstream dipping sedimentary rock sequence of conglomerate, sandstone and shale resting unconformably over quartzite and schist was encountered as a surprise during the excavation of the foundation. Besides, an 8 to 8.5 m wide major fault zone along with three minor faults running across the dam axis were also noticed. Extensive subsurface investigations to study the nature and characteristics of sedimentary rocks, fault zones, etc. met with in the foundations were undertaken concurrently with the construction activity. As a result, the construction …

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Ground Failure Investigation Over Abandoned Coal Mines: A Case Study, Marlo G. Karfakis, Bruce A. Suprenant Jun 1988

Ground Failure Investigation Over Abandoned Coal Mines: A Case Study, Marlo G. Karfakis, Bruce A. Suprenant

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The slurry backfill operation for the Rock Springs subsidence control project is briefly described. The extent of ground failure and building damage is presented. The scope of the ensuing geotechnical investigation to indicate any possible cause and effect relationship between the pumped slurry backfill operation and observed damage is described. The general and specific findings regarding the damaged area are discussed. Conclusions from the investigation are presented.

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Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri Jun 1988

Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Grouting the cavities in cavernous carbonate formations is one of the techniques employed to achieve reliable bearing support for structures founded in and on such rock units. For this purpose, conventional exploration methods, such as test borings and geophysical measurements, can be employed to obtain the necessary subsurface data; but, they are usually limited in extent, expensive, time consuming, and can be misleading. These limitations can be overcome by employing percussion probing techniques. A case history is cited wherein percussion probing was successfully employed.

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Lithotectonic Landslides And Hazards In Parts Of Garhwal-Kumaon Himalayas, R. S. Mithal Jun 1988

Lithotectonic Landslides And Hazards In Parts Of Garhwal-Kumaon Himalayas, R. S. Mithal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Landslides produce an awesome picture of the hill sides with steep scarred, hollowed and gullied geomorphic features devoid of vegetation particularly between the major thrust zones. A look on the tectono-stratigraphic map of the region with marked major tectonic features like the Main Central Thrust (MCT), North Almora Thrust (NAT) and South Almora Thrust (SAT) indicates that the region is highly prone to landslides and is affected by repeated tectonic and orogenic processes. These factors with the nature of the rocks, climate and the heavy monsoon rains are responsible for sculpturing the region. The mountain features and the valley slopes …

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Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos Jun 1988

Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The article describes the application, in Greece, of an approximate resolution of the prevision of the superficial foundation bearing capacity of a school building group on jointed granite. The method is based on the mechanics of the discontinuous media. On a sufficient number of a canvas points which is situated on the critical section under the foundation, the developing shear stresses are defined, based on the elastic theory, and they are compared with the variable -into the various directions- shear strength of the jointed rock. The resulted data conduct to the setting of boundaries of plastic zones which allow the …

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Simultaneous Velocity Measurements With Uniaxial Loading On Weak Sandstone From Iraq, Zuhair Rammo Fattohi Jun 1988

Simultaneous Velocity Measurements With Uniaxial Loading On Weak Sandstone From Iraq, Zuhair Rammo Fattohi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Transit pulse wave times through a weakly cemented sandstone rock being measured on prismatic specimens with and without initial plane of weakness, which is uniaxially loaded at different stages. The velocity, Elastic moduli bulk compressibility, and vertical strain were calculated for each loading level. Results have shown, that such rock properties have changed dramatically. Thus they should be considered thoroughly for any engineering evaluation in such rock type.

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Slope Stability Evaluation For An Existing Steep Cut In Weathered Volcanics, Hong Kong, J. K. P. Kwong, L. J. Endicott, A. C. Lumsden Jun 1988

Slope Stability Evaluation For An Existing Steep Cut In Weathered Volcanics, Hong Kong, J. K. P. Kwong, L. J. Endicott, A. C. Lumsden

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This case study concerns an investigation of a major existing soil slope. It is a 60m (197 ft) high cutting slope, at 40 degrees to 60 degrees to the horizontal, exhibiting a considerably greater degree of stability than was obtained by a series of geotechnical investigations and analyses. The common practice of correlation between widely spaced borings is shown to be inappropriate at this site because of the highly variable ground conditions. Rather, the comprehensive geological comprehensive engineering investigation carried out has enabled a detailed appreciation of the distribution and nature of weathered materials at the site. Transitional materials with …

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Study Of Some Debris Avalanches In Garwal Himalaya, India, H. C. Nainwal, Y. P. Sundriyal, C. Prasad Jun 1988

Study Of Some Debris Avalanches In Garwal Himalaya, India, H. C. Nainwal, Y. P. Sundriyal, C. Prasad

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This study was carried out in the Alaknanda - Dhauliganga catchment area, located in the north and northeast of Joshimath in the Garfiwal Himalaya. The snow fields, cirques and the related glaciers are located above the altitude approximate 4000 meters, while the river valley have a mean altitude of around 2000 meters. The strategic roads viz. Joshimath-Badrinath and Joshimath-Nitipass pass through this area with a number of villages along with their cultivated land are located along the roads. These roads are often blocked on huge debris avalanches not only damage the road, but also the cultivated land and forests. The …

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Subsidence Movements And Structural Damage Related To An Abandoned Coal Mine, Y. P. Chugh, K. Chandrashekhar, R. J. Missavage Jun 1988

Subsidence Movements And Structural Damage Related To An Abandoned Coal Mine, Y. P. Chugh, K. Chandrashekhar, R. J. Missavage

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An area in southwestern Illinois has been experiencing surface and subsurface movements with associated damage to surface structures. The area is underlain by an abandoned, partially extracted room-and-pillar underground coal mine. Instrumentation included TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), Inclinometers, Sondex, Tiltplates, and precision land surveys. This paper presents the results of a 16-month cooperative study between the Department of Mining Engineering at SIUC and a local coal company.

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Support Over Cavities Of Unknown Depth For An Underground Facility, James A. Larson, Donald P. Richards Jun 1988

Support Over Cavities Of Unknown Depth For An Underground Facility, James A. Larson, Donald P. Richards

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Rock excavation for a 7,200-square-meter building site in Saudi Arabia intercepted a large cavity underlying approximately half the site. Relocation was impossible; therefore, a grouting program was selected to modify the site to accept the allowable design load of 2.1 mega pascals. Due to the extreme depth of the cavity, the modification was limited to a depth of 25 meters under the building.

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A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber Jun 1988

A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The piping failure of the Senekal dam and many other small dams in South Africa, despite the use of apparently sound material and good control during construction, emphasizes the need for a method to unambiguously identify dispersive soils. Physical and chemical tests of one hundred and seventy soil samples were evaluated against the double hydrometer method, after removal of free salts. The chemical methods based on characterization of the exchange complex (CEC and ESP) gave consistently more reliable results than the physical tests, such as the pinhole, crumb and sticky point tests and even the double hydrometer test when free …

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Behaviour Of Inginimitiya Embankment Dam, T. Sivapatham Jun 1988

Behaviour Of Inginimitiya Embankment Dam, T. Sivapatham

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The prominent component of the Inginimitiya Reservoir Project is the Inginirnitiya Darn, This dam with a maximum height of 58 ft. is essentially a homogeneous earthfill embankment except for the slope protection, filter and drainage arrangement. The cut-off for the foundation seepage and the provisions made in the design for seepage control are described in this paper. The reservoir when partially impounded for the first time in 1983 "boiling" (bubbling with fines heaving up) was observed on the downstream at different locations close to the toe of the embankment between chainages 71 and 75. This reach when investigated revealed the …

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Coastal Bluff Retreat At Big Lagoon, California, R. C. Chaney, D. C. Tuttle Jun 1988

Coastal Bluff Retreat At Big Lagoon, California, R. C. Chaney, D. C. Tuttle

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Big Lagoon, located 30 miles north of Eureka, California is formed behind a bay barrier built across the mouth of a drowned river valley. To the south of the bay the beach follows rising wave cut slightly cemented sand and gravel sea cliffs and terminates at the south end of Agate Beach. The retreat of these sea cliffs and its effect on property development along the top of the cliff is the focus of the paper. Measurements of bluff retreat in this area have been documented extensively from November 1941 to March 1986 through ground surveys and air photos. Review …

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Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya Jun 1988

Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

7. 3m high and 280 m long Manggar Besar homogeneous earthen dam resting on 12. 0 m thick soft silty clay, is under construction to supply water to the city of Balikpapan in Kalimantan island of Indonesia. To accelerate the anticipated 1. 6 m settlement of dam, 30 cm wide strip type drains (Colbond CX 1000) using polyester no-woven fabric are being used 3m centre to centre. It is expected that 70 percent consolidation shall take place within thirteen months of construction by these drains.

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Comprehensive Seepage Assessment: Beaver Dam, Arkansas, J. L. Llopis, C. M. Deaver, D. K. Butler, S. C. Hartung Jun 1988

Comprehensive Seepage Assessment: Beaver Dam, Arkansas, J. L. Llopis, C. M. Deaver, D. K. Butler, S. C. Hartung

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A general philosophy of the role of engineering geology and engineering geophysics in seepage assessment is presented. Practical application of this philosophy is illustrated by a case history. A large dike continues to have anomalous seepage in spite of pre-construction and postconstruction grouting. The dike is founded over a graben of cavernous limestone with about a 200-ft. vertical offset along the bounding fault zones, which are horizontally separated by about 1000 ft. Objectives of the seepage assessment program were to define the geological and hydrological conditions beneath the dike in sufficient detail to allow rational remedial planning. Integration of results …

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Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench Jun 1988

Construction Of Road Embankments Over Very Soft Soil Using Band Drains And Preloading, John D. Nelson, Brian P. Wrench

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As part of a new national road being constructed in South Africa an embankment was built over a deep deposit of very soft soil. To enhance stability the embankment was built in several stages and in order to reduce the time required for consolidation between stages, band drains were installed in the foundation soils. The soils were instrumented to monitor pore water pressure and settlement. The results of the monitoring phase showed that the band drains were effective and operated as designed. This paper presents the results of the monitoring and discusses the prediction of degree of consolidation from settlement …

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Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi Jun 1988

Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Earth and rockfill dams became popular in the 1960's primarily because of increased heights of dams, poor foundation conditions that rule out concrete dams, and vast improvements in excavation and vibratory compaction equipment. Such equipment made excavation and processing of rock and placement of rockfill much more economical than in the past. Due to the unique composition and the critical zone construction of earth and rockfill dams, they are subject to different types of problems. Some problems may be discovered and corrected during construction. Such problems cause changes in contract documents and delays in work, as in the case of …

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Control Of Surficial Slides By Different Erosion Control Techniques, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra Jun 1988

Control Of Surficial Slides By Different Erosion Control Techniques, T. K. Natarajan, A. V. S. R. Murty, Deep Chandra

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Many natural and embankment slopes fall due to the erosion of the top surficial soil mantle. Denudation of vegetation from soil slopes combined with the further steepening of slopes due to natural and man-made causes such as cuts result in such a type of failure. Essentially, the corrective measures appropriate for stabilizing these slopes comprise erosion control by establishing vegetation on the slope. The methods of vegetative turfing include asphalt mulch, coir/jute netting, geogrids and stone apron techniques. The paper sets forth the case history giving details of some of the relatively new techniques for erosion control on a hill …

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Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee Jun 1988

Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reconstruction of dikes on soft subsoil is a common practice in the Netherlands. However in recent years some slidings of innerslopes have occurred in the execution phase due to very large and rapidly placed replenishments. Therefore investigations have been made for new methods to determine the short term stability of the soil structures. This paper describes the problems experienced during the reconstruction of a polder dike in the western part of the Netherlands, based on which several new methods are tested.

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Failure And Repair Of The Slope Of Railway Embankments And Expansive Soils, Zun Jing Ke, Chao-Hai Yong, Yun-Huang Chang Jun 1988

Failure And Repair Of The Slope Of Railway Embankments And Expansive Soils, Zun Jing Ke, Chao-Hai Yong, Yun-Huang Chang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper mainly discusses the stability of the slope of the four sections of railway embankments of expansive soils, describes their basic condition and the properties of the soil materials, analyzes the types and causes of slope failures, discusses the repair of such slopes, and the remedial measures to prevent recurrent of the slides, and sums up experience of using expansive soils to construct railway embankments.

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Failure Of Flood Banks Due To Under Seepage, Arthur Marsland Jun 1988

Failure Of Flood Banks Due To Under Seepage, Arthur Marsland

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Several failures of floodbanks caused by increases in water pressure and seepage in foundation soils during abnormal high floodwater conditions have been investigated. The particular type of failure which occurred depended upon the sequences of the foundation strata, the overall bank profile, and the height and duration of the floodwater. Both rotational and translational slides occurred in banks built on sands, peats and clays with underlaying sandy gravels. Breaches occurred when the cress was sufficiently lowered to allow substantial overtopping or where gaps developed at the ends of the translational slides. Development of erosion pipes in multi-layered soils led to …

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Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros Jun 1988

Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This article deals with the failure of a railway embankment in North Peloponese. The geotechnical investigation that followed aimed to specify the causes of the failure. The results of the above investigation are presented, an evaluation of the causes of failure is discussed and the remedial measures which 'have been taken are thoroughly described.

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History Of Tehri Rockfill Dam Design, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania Jun 1988

History Of Tehri Rockfill Dam Design, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A 260.5 m high rockfill dam is one of the main components of Tehri Dam Project which is under construction for the last over seventeen years. During this period detailed site investigations have been carried out and design of the dam is kept under constant review. A number of studies are conducted to provide feasible solutions to anticipated problems. The paper describes main design features of the dam mentioning the changes necessitated time to time with regard to these.

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Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Red Clay Highway Embankments, F. J. Gichaga, F. S. Atibu, B. K. Sahu Jun 1988

Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Red Clay Highway Embankments, F. J. Gichaga, F. S. Atibu, B. K. Sahu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents results of a study of horizontal and vertical movements of five highway embankments made up of red clay (red coffee soil). The highway embankments studied ranged from 4m to 15m in height. The study also involved laboratory testing of the red soils which form these embankments. Results of laboratory tests were used to compute cracking and collapse potentials of the embankments. Results of field investigations showed embankments to suffer horizontal as well as vertical movements. It was further established that in the case of the embankments, whose bituminous pavements had showed severe longitudinal surface cracks, the cracking …

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Improvement Of Mechanical Properties Of Soft Soils By Use Of A Pre-Loading Embankment, F. Colleselli, P. Simonini, M. Soranzo Jun 1988

Improvement Of Mechanical Properties Of Soft Soils By Use Of A Pre-Loading Embankment, F. Colleselli, P. Simonini, M. Soranzo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A preloading embankment, and its foundation soil, have been closely monitored in the Po river delta (Italy). After showing that the complete consolidation of the peaty and clayey soil has taken place, the shear strength increase measured with various tests has been considered and analyzed.

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Investigation Of Settlements Of A Trunk Road Embankment In Hong Kong, P. L. R. Pang, Y. C. Chan Jun 1988

Investigation Of Settlements Of A Trunk Road Embankment In Hong Kong, P. L. R. Pang, Y. C. Chan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A 25 m high fill embankment was constructed as part of a Trunk Road scheme in Hong Kong. In June 1985, large settlements of the order of 250 mm were observed in the embankment. This was followed by a local slippage of surface material from the downstream slope face. To meet the schedule for opening the trunk road in late September, a number of emergency measures costing about HK$1 M (US$0.13 M) were implemented to stabilize the embankment. An investigation was subsequently carried out to assess the cause of the movement and the long term stability of the embankment. This …

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