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Seismic Response Analysis Of Pile-Supported Structure: Assessment Of Commonly Used Approximations, Toyoaki Nogami, Reed L. Mosher, H. Wayne Jones

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic response of a pile-supported structure is formulated by the approach developed by the first author. Using this formulation, some of the crude approximations frequently used in the seismic response analysis of a soil-pile-structure system are examined. Those involved in the analysis procedure are assessed under the linear elastic condition. A commonly used nonlinear soil model for the dynamic pile response analysis is also assessed. It is found that those approximations routinely used in the analysis procedure and numerical modelling can cause significant errors in the computed response of a pile-supported structure.

Seismic Response Of Floating Piles To Obliquely Incident Waves, Shahid Ahmad, S. M. Mamoon

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The response of single piles under vertically and obliquely incident SH, SV, and P waves is obtained using a hybrid boundary element (BEM) formulation. The piles are represented by compressible beam-column elements and the soil as a hysteretic viscoelastic half-space. A recently developed Green function corresponding to the dynamic Mindlin problem is implemented in the numerical formulation. Exact analytical solutions for the differential equations for the piles under distributed harmonic excitations are used. Treating the half-space as a three-dimensional elastic continuum, the interaction problem is formulated by satisfying equilibrium and displacement compatibility along the pile-soil interface. Solutions adopted for the …

Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction During Liquefaction, Shoei Nomura, Yasuhiro Shamoto, Kohji Tokimatsu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An analytical method is presented for evaluating dynamic response of soil-pile-structure system during soil liquefaction. The method consists of a modified Penzien's model combined with an effective stress analysis for free-field soil response and a horizontal subgrade reaction model which connects free field response with pile-structure response. Shaking table tests are conducted to study the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. A model sand deposit-pile-structure system is constructed in a large container which can permit shear deformation of the soil. Soil density, pile diameter, pile rigidity, and input motion are controlling variables in the tests. Analysis is made for both liquefied …

Soil-Structure Interaction At The Waterfront, J. M. Ferritto

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Navy, forced by its mission to locate at the waterfront, often on loose, saturated cohesionless soils, faces a severe liquefaction threat. Research has been in progress to evaluate the Princeton University Effective Stress Soil Model. This paper discusses that model and presents a validation example study comparing model predictions with a centrifuge experiment.

Soil-Structure Interaction Effects Based On Recorded Strong Motions During Earthquakes, Kosta Talaganov, Misko Cubrinovski

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Presented in this paper are the results of the analyses of dynamic soil-structure interaction effects based on recorded strong motions during Montenegro (Yugoslavia) earthquake of April 15, 1979. Acceleration time histories have been recorded by strong motion instruments installed at foundation level of structures located in the epicentral area, founded in different soil conditions including stiff, medium and soft soils. Applying substructure technique from known motions at foundation level of structures, corresponding free field motions were computed. By comparison of computed free field motions and recorded motions at foundation level, dynamic soil-structure interaction effects, in different soil conditions and levels …

Soil-Structure Interaction Effects On The Response Of Meloland Bridge, E. A. Maragakis, S. Vrontinos, B. M. Douglas, S. Abdel-Ghaffar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A study related to the experimental data obtained from the full-scale tests of Meloland Road overcrossing is presented. The major objective of this study is to demonstrate that the soil structure interaction effects play a significant role in the dynamic response of the structure. Initially, the results from the static deformation of the bridge under the quick-release loads are presented. These results were obtained by applying a special integration technique on the experimental acceleration records. Then a preliminary analytical model of the bridge is fitted to the experimental data in order to evaluate the values of the soil-structure springs along …

Stochastic Response Of Lifeline To Spatial Variation Of Seismic Waves, Chin-Hsiung Loh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The spatial variation of seismic waves has an important effect on the seismic response of structures of extended length. Based on data collected from the SMART-1 array, the spatial variation of seismic waves can be examined. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the spatial variation of seismic waves on a spatially distributed system. With the consideration of the soil amplification ratio between two sites and spatial variation of seismic waves, a ground deformation spectrum is developed from stochastic point of view. This spectrum can provide information useful in predicting maximum ground deformation. The seismic response …

Study On Dynamic Characteristics Of A Pile Group Foundation, Takuji Kobori, Kenji Miura, Masaaki Nakazawa, Katsuichiro Hijikata, Yuji Miyamoto, Takafumi Moroi, Yoshinao Kobayashi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The earthquake response of a structure on group of piles is investigated. The test model, which is employed in this study, is a foundation on four piles. Three conditions are prepared for examination of the contact effects of the foundation bottom and the backfilling effects on dynamic characteristics of the foundation on the piles. Forced vibration tests are carried out for ascertaining the impedance functions as the inertial interaction, and earthquake observations for the earthquake input motion as the kinematic interaction. On the basis of the test and the observation results, the correlation analyses are executed for examining the applicability …

The Learning From The Large Scale Lotung Soil-Structure Interaction Experiments, A. H. Hadjian, D. Anderson, W. S. Tseng, N. C. Tsai, C. Y. Chang, Y. K. Tang, H. T. Tang, J. C. Stepp

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Blind prediction analyses and subsequent correlation studies of a 1/4-scale reinforced concrete containment model constructed at Lotung, Taiwan subject to forced vibration tests and actual earthquakes are evaluated with the objective of validating soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis methodologies commonly used in U.S. practice. The SSI methods used range from simple soil-spring representation to more complex finite-element methods and sub structuring techniques. Both forced vibration test (FVT) data and actual earthquake induced response data have been obtained for use in validating selected SSI analysis methodologies. Considering that for forced vibration tests only the stiffness and damping characteristics of the foundation are …

A Model For Predicting Liquefaction Induced Displacement, Peter M. Byrne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple model for predicting liquefaction induced displacement is presented. The method is based on a single-degree-of-freedom system that incorporates the post-liquefaction stress-strain response of sand. The key parameters are the residual strength and the limiting shear strain, and considerable data presently exists on these two parameters from correlation with SPT (N₁)₆₀ values. Based on this data, liquefaction induced displacements from the model are compared with both field and laboratory measurements. The model predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with the measurements and indicate that liquefaction induced displacements are very sensitive to the density or …

A New Approach For Evaluating Stability And Deformation Of Earthstructure In Earthquake, Kuniaki Karaki, Akira Hirotani, Sadao Goto, Nobuyuki Yoshida

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new procedure for determining the shear strength of sand for slope stability analysis. An earthquake is proposed together with a simplified procedure for predicting deformation in earthquake. The proposed method is based on the advanced total stress method and uses undrained strength of sand with consideration on strength anisotropy. Soil parameters required in the use of proposed method as well as for deformation prediction are indicated and then results of stability and deformation analyses with the proposed method are presented for a revetment constructed on a silty sand on Tokyo Bay together with 1) field and laboratory tests results, …

A Study Of Load Bearing Capacity Of Piles Driven In The Zanzibar Harbour Submarine Soils, A. M. Dubi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The rehabilitation of the Zanzibar Port involved, among other things, driving piles into the submarine soils. Pile driving fractures the coral and as a result creates a gap filled with loose fractured coral between the unfractured coral and the pile. Grouting of the external surface of the pile is done to strengthen the fractured coral. In this paper, two grouted working piles (TP6 & TP61), randomly chosen from the pile group, were load tested to twice the design load. The test results indicate adequacy of the bearing capacity of the grouted piles.

Techniques For Improving Energy Efficiency At Water Supply Pumping Stations, Lindell Ormsbee, Thomas M. Walski, Donald V. Chase, Wayne W. Sharp

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

This report describes the application of methods presented in Engineer Technical Letter (ETL) "Energy Efficiency at Water Supply Pumping Stations'' to the Washington, DC, and vicinity water system.

Both the ETL and this report were prepared under the Water System Operation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation Work Unit (CWIS 31794) of the Water Supply and Conservation Research Program. The technical monitors for this program in the Office, Chief of Engineers, were Mr. James Ballif (DAEN-ECE-B) and Mr. Robert Daniel (DAEN-CWP-D). The work was conducted at the US Army Engineer (USAE) Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, Miss., and the University of Kentucky (UK) …

List Of Conference Participants, Multiple Participants

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Concluding And Banquet Remarks And Speech, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Welcome And Opening Remarks, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Past Proceedings: First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1984): Vol. Iv, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Past Proceedings: First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1984): Vol. I, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

A Low Rise Hospital Development On Restored Opencast Fill, W. M. Kilkenny

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An extensive low-rise hospital development has taken place since 1982 on a former opencast coal mining site 30 years after working and restoration. The clay and shale fill some 20 metres deep was placed without systematic compaction. Five separate site investigations have been carried out at different times during the last 20 years and a detailed engineering geological mapping exercise was completed in 1977. Drainage works and the main buildings in Scheme 1 and 2 have been monitored during and after construction. Significant settlements have occurred requiring some remedial work. A surcharge and inundation trial has been undertaken prior to …

A Modified Field Infiltrometer Test For Clay Liners, G. S. Laird, W. B. Lozier, A. M. Gurevich

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Regulatory agencies are looking more frequently to in situ field hydraulic conductivity tests for the assessment of a liner's compliance to a specified hydraulic conductivity. Most field tests have evaluated hydraulic conductivity by measuring the infiltration rate of the liner. The infiltration rate can be used to arrive at a hydraulic conductivity value if the hydraulic boundary conditions of the test can be identified or if the head loss at different depths can be measured. A test fill of a clay liner was evaluated for its saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity. This paper discusses the use of eight tensiometers to measure …

Complementing Radiologic Data With Geology – A Case History, Dennis Mcgrane

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The goal in characterizing radioactively contaminated soil is to quantify the degree of contamination and its parameters. A cost effective, small scale characterization is done by performing a surface radiological survey with subsurface data coming from boreholes augered in a tight grid pattern. Confidence in the between-hole extrapolations depends on the grid size. However, at the widely contaminated site in Maywood, New Jersey a grid width of 100 feet was the only economical choice. Accurate contamination parameters were determined despite the wide hole spacings once geologists and health physicists learned how local geologic conditions controlled the contamination's location and extent. …

Control Of Uplift From Ground Water, R. V. Sarsby

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper relates to the conversion of a disused water reservoir into a landfill site for domestic and industrial refuse. The reservoir was initially subdivided into four cells (by using earth bunds) and three of the cells have been successfully prepared and filled. The fourth cell is the largest and presents the greatest number of geotechnical problems, the major one being the problem of ensuring that leachate does not escape into the groundwater. The first owner of the site removed natural clay from various parts of the reservoir base to seal the first three cells. In doing so he exposed …

Disposal Of Phenolic Waters From A Producer Gas Plant, Dorairaja Raghu, Hsin-Neng Hsieh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Phenolic waters are generated in a producer gas plant in India. Since harmful environmental effects can result even with low concentrations of phenol in water, its disposal poses a problem. Four options for disposal were considered. One of these options considered involves disposal in a earthen pond situated close to a river. In order to avoid river pollution by possible seepage of phenolic waste, geotechnical aspects have to be considered. For each option, cost analysis is performed. This paper d1scusses as to how the final disposal technique is decided taking into account all the relevant aspects of the problem.

Hazardous Waste Disposal Site Hydrogeologic Characterization, S. M. Testa

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A major hazardous waste disposal facility near Arlington, Oregon serving the Pacific Northwest, Canada, and Alaska maintains numerous favorable environmental characteristics for siting of a hazardous waste disposal facility. The risk of contamination as a result of potential leakage from a waste management unit via primary pathways to surface water, groundwater or by direct contact and/or ingestion is thus reasonably low. However, these same characteristics which make the site most suitable for hazardous waste disposal often conflict with: 1) the demonstration of the groundwater monitoring system's ability to adequately perform immediate leak detection monitoring as mandated under the Resource Conservation …

Implementation Of Remedial Measures To Contain A Pcb Spill, M. D. Huag, J. Atwater, R. B. Knight, P. Kozicki, A. Lissey

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large spill of Polychlorinated Biphenols (PCB's) occurred at Federal Pioneer Limited's Regina Plant in 1976. The City of Regina is underlain by a relatively shallow aquifer which supplies a significant proportion of its drinking water. A remedial measures plan was developed to contain this spill within the boundaries of the site and clean up any contamination which had spread to adjacent property. The remedial measures plan developed involved limiting or reversing the normal downward hydraulic gradient. The three principle measures introduced to accomplish this reversal included the construction of a cutoff wall around the site, installation of a thick …

Performance Of Lightweight Waste-Impoundment Dikes, Peter J. Bosscher, Tuncer B. Edil

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The containment dikes of two sludge disposal lagoons were founded on low strength, highly compressible wetland soils in Madison, Wisconsin. These lagoons, constructed in 1942 and 1967 respectively, encompass 130 acres of digested sludge produced at the sewage treatment plant. The dikes have experienced two previous failures in 1970 and 1973. A dike rehabilitation program was initiated in 1976 to prevent additional failures. New dikes were built using wood chips as a lightweight fill. Non-woven synthetic filter fabric was used to prevent soil intrusion into the chips and to provide resistance to lateral spreading. An investigation was initiated in 1984 …

A Geological Appraisal Of Slope Instability And Proposed Remedial Measures At Kaliasaur Slide On National Highway, Garwal Himalaya, G. S. Mehrotra, R. K. Bhandari

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For over six decades Kaliasaur landslide (Lat. 30° 14' 30" N, Long. 78° 55' 50" E) is a nightmare on the Hardwar-Badrinath road in the Garhwal Himalaya. Located on a sharp bend on the left bank of river Alaknanda, it has emerged as a multi-tier repetitive major landslide, retrogressive in nature. Both surficial and deep seated movements have been monitored. The sliding in the upper layers have been predominantly in the colluvium but where interfaces of quartzite and shale participates, the sliding surfaces have been better defined and discrete. In the present paper, the authors have highlighted the geological, geomorphological …

A Novel Low Cost Drum Diaphragm Wall For Landslide Control In The Himalaya, R. K. Bhandari

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of masonry and reinforced cement concrete .retaining walls are common as a measure of landslide control in the Himalayan region. They are usually very expensive and call for import of cement, steel, stones, sand and water from long distances. The paper spotlights a novel technology of constructing anchored drum diaphragm retaining walls which make use of slope waste material itself for wall construction, saving to the tune of 40 per cent in cost. Utilization of slope debris in turn minimizes hazards due to debris flow, rockfalls, etc. and other mass movements.

Case Study – Ground Failures And Ruptures In Xian City, Zhong-Qi Wang, Rong-Xiang Zhang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Xian city, the most well known ancient city of China for her incredible Terra Cotta Warriers and so forth, has been suffered from ground fracture for years. Surface ruptures and "faultings" encountered in strips all over the city. Hundreds of buildings were severely destroyed and many of them even have been demolished. Ground failures wide-spread and enlarged from time to time, especially right from Tangshan earthquake of July 28, 1976. Therefore serious concerns and suspicious of being associated with major earthquakes have arosed. Thus it has been a problem of both engineering and social influence. Like many other cities in …

Construction Of Hydel Power House In Weak Rocks, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geological uncertainties have always played an important role in planning of a hydel power house. This paper presents case study of a power house which was subjected to major revisions in its planning due to inherent instabilities in rock slopes. Initially the power house was planned with service bay and other facilities on its left hand side, but the weak and instable slopes and sliding of large rock masses necessitated its thorough revision by bringing service bay and other facilities to its right hand side along with addition of many new features and flattening of slopes. There were many alternatives …