Engineering Commons^™

Water Conservation Potential Of Self-Funded Foam-Based Flexible Surface-Mounted Floatovoltaics, Kaomi Soulemane Hayibo, Pierce Mayville, Ravneet Kaur Kailey

Michigan Tech Publications

A potential solution to the coupled water–energy–food challenges in land use is the concept of floating photovoltaics or floatovoltaics (FPV). In this study, a new approach to FPV is investigated using a flexible crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) module backed with foam, which is less expensive than conventional pontoon-based FPV. This novel form of FPV is tested experimentally for operating temperature and performance and is analyzed for water-savings using an evaporation calculation adapted from the Penman–Monteith model. The results show that the foam-backed FPV had a lower operating temperature than conventional pontoon-based FPV, and thus a 3.5% higher energy output per …

A First Investigation Of Agriculture Sector Perspectives On The Opportunities And Barriers For Agrivoltaics, Alexis Pascaris, Chelsea Schelly, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications

Agrivoltaic systems are a strategic and innovative approach to combine solar photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable energy generation with agricultural production. Recognizing the fundamental importance of farmer adoption in the successful diffusion of the agrivoltaic innovation, this study investigates agriculture sector experts’ perceptions on the opportunities and barriers to dual land-use systems. Using in-depth, semistructured interviews, this study conducts a first study to identify challenges to farmer adoption of agrivoltaics and address them by responding to societal concerns. Results indicate that participants see potential benefits for themselves in combined solar and agriculture technology. The identified barriers to adoption of agrivoltaics, however, include: …

Comparative Analysis Of Extreme Verification Latency Learning Algorithms, Muhammad Umer, Robi Polikar

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

One of the more challenging real-world problems in computational intelligence is to learn from non-stationary streaming data, also known as concept drift. Perhaps even a more challenging version of this scenario is when -- following a small set of initial labeled data -- the data stream consists of unlabeled data only. Such a scenario is typically referred to as learning in initially labeled nonstationary environment, or simply as extreme verification latency (EVL). Because of the very challenging nature of the problem, very few algorithms have been proposed in the literature up to date. This work is a very first effort …

Power-Weighted Lpc Formant Estimation, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

A power-weighted formant frequency estimation procedure based on Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) is presented. It works by pre-emphasizing the dominant spectral components of an input signal, which allows a subsequent estimation step to extract formant frequencies with greater accuracy. The accuracy of traditional LPC formant estimation is improved by this new power-weighted formant estimator for different classes of synthetic signals and for speech. Power-weighted LPC significantly and reliably outperforms LPC and variants of LPC at the task of formant estimation using the VTR formants dataset, a database consisting of the Vocal Tract Resonance (VTR) frequency trajectories obtained by human experts …

Engineering Electromagnetic Systems For Next-Generation Brain-Machine Interface, Brayan Ricardo Navarrete

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

MagnetoElectric Nanoparticles (MENPs) are known to be a powerful tool for a broad range of applications spanning from medicine to energy-efficient electronics. MENPs allow to couple intrinsic electric fields in the nervous system with externally controlled magnetic fields. This thesis exploited MENPs to achieve contactless brain-machine interface (BMIs). Special electromagnetic devices were engineered for controlling the MENPs’ magnetoelectric effect to enable stimulation and recording. The most important engineering breakthroughs of the study are summarized below.

(I) Metastable Physics to Localize Nanoparticles: One of the main challenges is to localize the nanoparticles at any selected site(s) in the brain. The fundamental …

Parameter Identification For Cells, Modules, Racks, And Battery For Utility-Scale Energy Storage Systems, Oluwaseun M. Akeyo, Vandana Rallabandi, Nicholas Jewell, Aron Patrick, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The equivalent circuit model for utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) is beneficial for multiple applications including performance evaluation, safety assessments, and the development of accurate models for simulation studies. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of utility-scale equivalent circuit models developed at multiple sub-component levels, i.e. at the rack, module, and cell levels. This type of modeling is used to demonstrate that the equivalent circuit model for a reference cell, module, or rack of a BESS can be scaled to represent the entire battery system provided that the battery management system (BMS) is active and functional. Contrary to …

Atmospheric Turbulence Study With Deep Machine Learning Of Intensity Scintillation Patterns, Artem V. Vorontsov, Mikhail A. Vorontsov, Grigorii A. Fillimonov, Ernst Polnau

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

A new paradigm for machine learning-inspired atmospheric turbulence sensing is developed and applied to predict the atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter using deep neural network (DNN)-based processing of short-exposure laser beam intensity scintillation patterns obtained with both: experimental measurement trials conducted over a 7 km propagation path, and imitation of these trials using wave-optics numerical simulations. The developed DNN model was optimized and evaluated in a set of machine learning experiments. The results obtained demonstrate both good accuracy and high temporal resolution in sensing. The machine learning approach was also employed to challenge the validity of several eminent atmospheric …

Digital And Mixed Domain Hardware Reduction Algorithms And Implementations For Massive Mimo, Najath A. Mohomed

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging 5G and 6G based wireless communications systems largely rely on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems to reduce inherently extensive path losses, facilitate high data rates, and high spatial diversity. Massive MIMO systems used in mmWave and sub-THz applications consists of hundreds perhaps thousands of antenna elements at base stations. Digital beamforming techniques provide the highest flexibility and better degrees of freedom for phased antenna arrays as compared to its analog and hybrid alternatives but has the highest hardware complexity.

Conventional digital beamformers at the receiver require a dedicated analog to digital converter (ADC) for every antenna element, leading to ADCs for …

A Multimodal Neuroimaging Approach For Classification And Prediction Of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning, Parisa Forouzannezhad

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders among the elderly population. It is progressive, irreversible in nature, and is considered the main cause of dementia. AD has become a world health problem affecting developed and developing nations alike, with the number of diagnosed AD patients increasing rather dramatically as both the life span of humans and the earth’s population continue to increase. Therefore, AD diagnosis in its earliest manifestations, preferably at the presymptomatic stage is critical for the timely planning of treatment and therapeutic interventions. We introduce new machine learning algorithms to detect and predict Alzheimer’s …

Defense By Deception Against Stealthy Attacks In Power Grids, Md Hasan Shahriar

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are converging towards a hybrid platform that is becoming ubiquitous in all modern infrastructures. The integration of the complex and heterogeneous systems creates enormous space for the adversaries to get into the network and inject cleverly crafted false data into measurements, misleading the control center to make erroneous decisions. Besides, the attacker can make a critical part of the system unavailable by compromising the sensor data availability. To obfuscate and mislead the attackers, we propose DDAF, a deceptive data acquisition framework for CPSs' hierarchical communication network. Each switch in the hierarchical …

Strain And Stress Relationships For Optical Phonon Modes In Monoclinic Crystals With Β-Ga2O3 As An Example, Rafal Korlacki, Megan Stokey, A. Mock, Sean Knight, Alexis Papamichail, Vanya Darakchieva, Mathias Schubert

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Strain-stress relationships for physical properties are of interest for heteroepitaxial material systems, where strain and stress are inherent due to thermal expansion and lattice mismatch. We report linear perturbation theory strain and stress relationships for optical phonon modes in monoclinic crystals for strain and stress situations which maintain the monoclinic symmetry of the crystal. By using symmetry group analysis and phonon frequencies obtained under various deformation scenarios from density-functional perturbation theory calculations on β-Ga₂O₃, we obtain four strain and four stress potential parameters for each phonon mode. We demonstrate that these parameters are sufficient to …

Strain And Stress Relationships For Optical Phonon Modes In Monoclinic Crystals With Β-Ga2O3 As An Example, Rafal Korlacki, Megan Stokey, A. Mock, Sean Knight, A. Papamichail, V. Darakchieva, Mathias Schubert

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Strain-stress relationships for physical properties are of interest for heteroepitaxial material systems, where strain and stress are inherent due to thermal expansion and lattice mismatch. We report linear perturbation theory strain and stress relationships for optical phonon modes in monoclinic crystals for strain and stress situations which maintain the monoclinic symmetry of the crystal. By using symmetry group analysis and phonon frequencies obtained under various deformation scenarios from density-functional perturbation theory calculations on β-Ga₂O₃, we obtain four strain and four stress potential parameters for each phonon mode. We demonstrate that these parameters are sufficient to …

Efficient, High Power Density, Modular Wide Band-Gap Based Converters For Medium Voltage Application, Hadi Moradisizkoohi

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent advances in semiconductor technology have accelerated developments in medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) power system transmission and distribution. A DC-DC converter is widely considered to be the most important technology for future DC networks. Wide band-gap (WBG) power devices (i.e. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices) have paved the way for improving the efficiency and power density of power converters by means of higher switching frequencies with lower conduction and switching losses compared to their Silicon (Si) counterparts. However, due to rapid variation of the voltage and current, di/dt and dv/dt, to fully utilize the advantages of the Wide-bandgap …

Sensor Approach For Brain Pathophysiology Of Freezing Of Gait In Parkinson's Disease Patients, Juan Sebastian Marquez Jaramillo

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson's Disease (PD) affects over 1% of the population over 60 years of age and is expected to reach 1 million in the USA by the year 2020, growing by 60 thousand each year. It is well understood that PD is characterized by dopaminergic loss, leading to decreased executive function causing motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, and freezing of gait (FoG) as well as non-motor symptoms such as loss of smell, depression, and sleep abnormalities. A PD diagnosis is difficult to make since there is no worldwide approved test and difficult to manage since its manifestations are widely …

Fifth Generation Antennas: A Bibliometric Survey And Future Research Directions, Amruta S. Dixit, Laxmikant K. Shevada, Hema D. Raut, Rajeshwari R. Malekar, Sumit Kumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

As the 5G technology is going to be deployed soon, so the research on the 5G antennas as a part of communication devices becomes an important aspect. One of the important components of the 5G communication system is an antenna that is essential for the transmission and reception of the 5G signals. The international telecommunication union (ITU) has provided different specifications for the 5G communication system. The 5G antenna should operate at frequency range 1 and 2 (FR1 and FR2) specified by the ITU. The proliferation of various 5G antenna designs is surveyed in this bibliometric paper. The bibliometric survey …

Cost Minimization Of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage For Hourly Dispatching Wind-Solar Hybrid Power System, Pranoy Roy, Jiangbiao He, Yuan Liao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This study demonstrates a dispatching scheme of wind-solar hybrid power system (WSHPS) for a one-hour dispatching period for an entire day utilizing battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage subsystem (HESS). A frequency management approach is deployed to extend the longevity of the batteries through extensively utilizing the high energy density property of batteries and the high power density property of supercapacitors in the HESS framework. A low-pass filter (LPF) is employed to decouple the power between a battery and a supercapacitor (SC). The cost optimization of the HESS is computed based on the time constant of the LPF through extensive …

Predicting Quality Of Delivery Metrics For Adaptive Video Codec Sessions, Obinna Izima, Ruairí De Fréin, Mark Davis

Conference papers

Predicting video quality will continue to be an active area of research given the dominance of video traffic for years to come. Network service practitioners that are poised to handle the strain on the existing limited bandwidth constraints are better placed to be SLA-compliant. The dynamic and time-varying nature of cloud-hosted services require improved techniques to realize accurate models of the systems. To address this challenge: (1) we propose Codec-aware Network Adaptation Agent (cNAA), an online light-weight data learning engine that achieves accurate and correct predictions of quality of delivery (QoD) metrics, namely jitter for video services. cNAA achieves this …

Nmr Spectroscopy Analysis Reveals Differential Metabolic Responses In Arabidopsis Roots And Leaves Treated With A Cytokinesis Inhibitor, Thomas E. Wilkop, Minmin Wang, Angelo Heringer, Jaideep Singh, Florence Zakharov, Viswanathan V. Krishnan, Georgia Drakakaki

Physiology Faculty Publications

In plant cytokinesis, de novo formation of a cell plate evolving into the new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. In our earlier chemical genomics studies, we identified and characterized the small molecule endosidin-7, that specifically inhibits callose deposition at the cell plate, arresting late-stage cytokinesis in arabidopsis. Endosidin-7 has emerged as a very valuable tool for dissecting this essential plant process. To gain insights regarding its mode of action and the effects of cytokinesis inhibition on the overall plant response, we investigated the effect of endosidin-7 through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomics approach. In …

Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy With Consideration Of Battery Aging For Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Bin Zhou, Jeffrey Burl, Amir Rezaei

Michigan Tech Publications

The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is a well-known energy management strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). ECMS is very computationally efficient since it yields an instantaneous optimal control. ECMS has been shown to minimize fuel consumption under certain conditions. But, minimizing the fuel consumption often leads to excessive battery damage. This paper introduces a new optimal control problem where the cost function includes terms for both fuel consumption and battery aging. The Ah-throughput method is used to quantify battery aging. ECMS (with the appropriate equivalence factor) is shown to also minimize the cost function that incorporates battery aging. Simulation …

Passive Control Strategies For Cooling A Non-Residential Nearly Zero Energy Office: Simulated Comfort Resilience Now And In The Future, Adam O'Donovan, Michael D. Murphy, Paul D. O'Sullivan

Publications

The average global cooling demand in non-residential buildings is expected to increase by over 275% between now and 2050. Controlled passive cooling is fundamental to successful operational performance of buildings and in mitigating energy that would otherwise be consumed by mechanical systems. The aim of this study was to determine the resilience of different passive cooling control strategies in delivering optimal comfort and energy scenarios in both current and future extreme conditions, for low energy indoor office spaces. Simulations were conducted using a calibrated TRNSYS 17 model of a nearly zero energy building. The performance of ten passive cooling control …

Optical-Amplifier-Compatible Long-Distance Secure Key Generation Based On Random Phase Fluctuations For Wdm Systems, Ben Wu, Yue-Kai Huang

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a secure key generation and distribution system that is compatible with optical amplifiers and standard wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. The key is generated from the phase fluctuations induced by environmental instabilities. The key generation system is tested in a 240 km bidirectional fiber-pair link with multiple optical amplifiers. To demonstrate the compatibility with WDM systems, 38 WDM channels are transmitted together with the key distribution channel. The secret key is protected against eavesdropping and coherence detection attack by the wide-band property of the signal carrier and the fast-changing rate of the phase fluctuations.

Novel Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance Systems, Juan C. Barreto Jr

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is an emerging technology in today’s society. Recently, many advancements to WPT systems have been implemented, such as, the introduction of the Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and Conformal SCMR (CSCMR) methods. These methods allow WPT systems to operate at increased distances with smaller dimensional footprints. However, their range is still limited and needs to be expanded, and their footprint is sometimes large and needs to be miniaturized. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop new designs and methodologies that can achieve the range extension and miniaturization of CSCMR systems.

Furthermore, many wireless devices …

Enhancing The Visibility Of Vernier Effect In A Tri-Microfiber Coupler Fiber Loop Interferometer For Ultrasensitive Refractive Index And Temperature Sensing, Fangfang Wei, Dejun Liu, Zhe Wang, Zhuochen Wang, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu, Gang-Ding Peng, Yuliya Semenova

Articles

In this paper a Vernier effect based sensor is analyzed and demonstrated experimentally in a tri-microfiber coupler (Tri-MFC) and polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) loop interferometer (Tri-MFC-PMF) to provide ultrasensitive refractive index and temperature sensing. The main novelty of this work is an analysis of parameters of the proposed Tri-MFC-PMF with the objective of determining the conditions leading to a strong Vernier effect. It has been identified by simulation that the Vernier effect is a primary factor in the design of Tri-MFC-PMF loop sensing structure for sensitivity enhancement. It is furthermore demonstrated experimentally that enhancing the visibility of the Vernier spectrum in …

Strain And Stress Relationships For Optical Phonon Modes In Monoclinic Crystals With Β-Ga2O3 As An Example, Rafal Korlacki, Megan Stokey, Alyssa Lynn Mock, Sean Knight, Alexis Papamichail, Vanya Darakchieva, Mathias Schubert

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Strain-stress relationships for physical properties are of interest for heteroepitaxial material systems, where strain and stress are inherent due to thermal expansion and lattice mismatch. We report linear perturbation theory strain and stress relationships for optical phonon modes in monoclinic crystals for strain and stress situations which maintain the monoclinic symmetry of the crystal. By using symmetry group analysis and phonon frequencies obtained under various deformation scenarios from density-functional perturbation theory calculations on β-Ga₂O₃, we obtain four strain and four stress potential parameters for each phonon mode. We demonstrate that these parameters are sufficient to …

Carbon Nanotube-On-Graphene Heterostructures, Yu Zheng, Dongmeng Li, Zubair Ahmed, Jeongwon Park, Changjian Zhou, Cary Y. Yang

Electrical and Computer Engineering

This paper presents a brief review of experimental and theoretical studies on a three-dimensional heterostructure consisting of vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) connected perpendicularly to a graphene layer. This structure can serve as a potential building block for an all-carbon network in energy storage devices and on-chip interconnects. The review highlights reported works on the fabrication and characterization of such a heterostructure, with focus on the effect of the CNT-graphene interface on electrical conduction. While a direct comparison between experiment and theory is not possible at this time, a brief survey of theoretical efforts based on atomic cluster models nonetheless reveals …

Wetting-Driven Formation Of Present-Day Loess Structure, Yanrong Li, Weiwei Zhang, Shengdi He, Adnan Aydin

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2020 The Authors Present-day loess, especially Malan loess formed in Later Quaternary, has a characteristic structure composed of vertically aligned strong units and weak segments. Hypotheses describing how this structure forms inside original loess deposits commonly relate it to wetting-drying process. We tested this causal relationship by conducting unique experiments on synthetic samples of initial loess deposits fabricated by free-fall of loess particles. These samples were subjected to a wetting-drying cycle, and their structural evolutions were documented by close-up photography and CT scanning. Analysis of these records revealed three key stages of structural evolution: initiation (evenly distributed cracks appear …

Surveyed Impact Of Intellectual Property Training In Stem Education On Innovation, Research, And Development, S. O'Sullivan, Michael Friebe, W. R. Tonti, Margaret Hartnett, Manuel Castro, M. I. Pozzo, Yuenyong Nilsiam

Michigan Tech Publications

The Journal of World Intellectual Property published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This paper analyzes the findings of an international survey questionnaire to which responses were received from over 500 members from different technical societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The survey is primarily intended to uncover members' perceptions of patent filing and research-driven innovation. Our thesis statement is twofold. First, the introduction of basic intellectual property (IP) courses to university Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics curricula would teach students valuable basics of IP and associated issues, technology protection; and possibly stimulate novel/innovative R&D outcomes. …

Covid-19 In Spain And India: Comparing Policy Implications By Analyzing Epidemiological And Social Media Data, Parth Asawa, Manas Gaur, Kaushik Roy, Amit P. Sheth

Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced public health experts to develop contingent policies to stem the spread of infection, including measures such as partial/complete lockdowns. The effectiveness of these policies has varied with geography, population distribution, and effectiveness in implementation. Consequently, some nations (e.g., Taiwan, Haiti) have been more successful than others (e.g., United States) in curbing the outbreak. A data-driven investigation into effective public health policies of a country would allow public health experts in other nations to decide future courses of action to control the outbreaks of disease and epidemics. We chose Spain and India to present our analysis …

Distributed Energy Resource Aggregation Using Customer-Owned Equipment: A Review Of Literature And Standards, Manasseh Obi, Tylor Slay, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Large-scale deployment of renewable energy resources, both utility-scale and distributed, create reliability concerns for electrical power system operators. The weather-dependent, non-dispatchable nature of renewable resources decreases the ability of operators to match supply with demand. Concurrently, distributed energy resources, defined as small-scale loads, generation sources, and storage systems, are becoming ubiquitous within modern electrical systems. This literature review presents the grid services that utilities use to alleviate power systems reliability concerns, particularly those caused by renewable resources, and how aggregations of residential-scale distributed energy resources can be used to provide these services.

By aggregating distributed energy resources en masse to …

Electromagnetic-Triboelectric-Hybrid Energy Tile For Biomechanical Green Energy Harvesting, Elaijah Islam, Abu Musa Abdullah, Aminur Rashid Chowdhury, Farzana Tasnim, Madelyne Martinez, Carolina Olivares, Karen Lozano, Mohammed Uddin

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• Hybrid nanogenerator based floor-tile was developed to convert the Bio-Mechanical energy of human footsteps to Electrical Energy.

• Hybridization of Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Electro-Magnetic Generator consisting of Aluminum and Kapton.

• MoS2 is working as an electron acceptor.

• The maximum output is 1200V as open-circuit voltage, 5mA as short-circuit current, and 6W as power.

• Produces 20% more power than a commercially sold energy-harvester floor tile.

Abstract

Since the invention of Piezoelectric Nanogenerator in 2006, nanogenerators has become an attractive technology to the researchers for scavenging mechanical energy from the ambient environment for real life applications. Hybridization of these nanogenerators has been …