Engineering Commons^™

State Estimation Of Glucose And Insulin Dynamics, Morgan Nicholas Miller

ETD Archive

Process simulation and state estimation have very important applications in chemical engineering as well as the biomedical field. Diabetes is a rapidly growing disease in the United States with 29 million people already diagnosed. The estimation of glucose and insulin concentration in patients is necessary in order to effectively treat diabetes. The Bergman Minimal Model is a popular process model that is used to simulate glucose and insulin dynamics. A simulation of this model was created based on estimated parameters for the model from historical data. This thesis investigated the estimation of glucose concentration, insulin concentration, and effect of active …

Effects Of Digestate, Magnesium Sulfate, And Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate/Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate On Microalga, Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Zhuohui Joe He

ETD Archive

Digestate (D), the remaining substance after anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock, is rich in inorganic contents, which makes it a good candidate for growing algae for biofuel production. Previous studies showed digestate at around 1.25% to 1.75% (v/v) dilution is suitable for algae growth. In this study, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate/potassium dihydrogen phosphate (K-P) were added to diluted digestate growth media. Two sets of experiments were conducted in batch reactor mode to identify the digestate (D), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate/potassium dihydrogen phosphate (K-P) concentrations that would optimize the algae growth. Algae growth parameters, …

Engineering Gold Nanoparticles And Their Use To Control Nucleation, Pedram Jahanian

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study focuses on fabrication of hybrid nanostructures using gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as seeds and partially oxidized potassium tetracyanoplatinate, known as Krogmann’s salt (KCP), and later this method will be employed to manufacture a prototype sensor for detecting different vapors. Nanocrystals are synthesized using electrochemical method with the aim to have more control over the size and shape of the charge transfer salt based on the seed mediated nucleation method. AuNP seeds are prepared on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate by the electrocrystallization method. An aqueous solution of 0.05 to 1 mM Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) with 0.1 mM (Potassium …

Life Cycle Based Sustainability Assessment And Decision Making For Industrial Systems, Hao Song

Wayne State University Dissertations

Increasing concern with the environmental impact resulted from human activities has led to a rising interest in sustainable development that will not only meet the needs of current development but also protect the natural environment without compromising the needs of future generations. This leads to the necessity of a systems approach to decision-making in which economic, environmental and social factors are integrated together to ensure the triple bottom lines of sustainability. Although current studies provide a variety of different methodologies to address sustainability assessment and decision-making, the increasing size and complexity of industrial systems results in the necessity to develop …

Force Field Development With Gomc A Fast New Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation Code, Jason Richard Mick

Wayne State University Dissertations

In this work GOMC (GPU Optimized Monte Carlo) a new fast, flexible, and free molecular Monte Carlo code for the simulation atomistic chemical systems is presented. The results of a large Lennard-Jonesium simulation in the Gibbs ensemble is presented. Force fields developed using the code are also presented. To fit the models a quantitative fitting process is outlined using a scoring function and heat maps. The presented n-6 force fields include force fields for noble gases and branched alkanes. These force fields are shown to be the most accurate LJ or n-6 force fields to date for these compounds, capable …

New Chemistry For The Growth Of First-Row Transition Metal Films By Atomic Layer Deposition, Joseph Peter Klesko

Wayne State University Dissertations

Thin films containing first-row transition metals are widely used in microelectronic, photovoltaic, catalytic, and surface-coating applications. In particular, metallic films are essential for interconnects and seed, barrier, and capping layers in integrated circuitry. Traditional vapor deposition methods for film growth include PVD, CVD, or the use of plasma. However, these techniques lack the requisite precision for film growth at the nanoscale, and thus, are increasingly inadequate for many current and future applications. By contrast, ALD is the favored approach for depositing films with absolute surface conformality and thickness control on 3D architectures and in high aspect ratio features. However, the …

Development Of Three-Dimensional Lung Multicellular Spheroids In Air- And Liquid-Interface Culture For The Evaluation Of Anticancer Therapeutics, Samantha A. Meenach, Alexandran N. Tsoras, Ronald C. Mcgarry, Heidi M. Mansour, J. Zach Hilt, Kimberly W. Anderson

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Three-dimensional (3D) lung multicellular spheroids (MCS) in liquid-covered culture (LCC) and air-interface culture (AIC) conditions have both been developed for the evaluation of aerosol anticancer therapeutics in solution and aerosols, respectively. The MCS were formed by seeding lung cancer cells on top of collagen where they formed spheroids due to the prevalence of cell-to-cell interactions. LCC MCS were exposed to paclitaxel (PTX) in media whereas AIC MCS were exposed to dry powder PEGylated phospholipid aerosol microparticles containing paclitaxel. The difference in viability for 2D versus 3D culture for both LCC and AIC was evaluated along with the effects of the …

On The Linear Approximation Of Mixture Internal Energies Of Departure, Robert B. Kelly, Angelo Lucia

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Direct Monte Carlo simulation of internal energies of departure for binary mixtures of geological interest are gathered and compared to those calculated using a linear mixing rule. Simulation results for gas–oil, oil–oil, and oil–water mixtures show that the linear mixing rule used in the Gibbs–Helmholtz Constrained (GHC) equation of state framework gives accurate approximations of binary mixture internal energies of departure. A flowchart for computing internal energies of departure using Monte Carlo simulation is included along with a sensitivity analysis for the GHC mixture energy parameter with respect to uncertainty in internal energies of departure.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanocomposite Microparticles (Ncmp) For The Treatment Of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Infections, Zimeng Wang, Samantha A. Meenach

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Purpose:

Pulmonary antibiotic delivery is recommended as maintenance therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who experience chronic infections. However, abnormally thick and sticky mucus present in the respiratory tract of CF patients impairs mucus penetration and limits the efficacy of inhaled antibiotics. To overcome the obstacles of pulmonary antibiotic delivery, we have developed nanocomposite microparticles (nCmP) for the inhalation application of antibiotics in the form of dry powder aerosols.

Methods:

Azithromycin-loaded and rapamycin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NP) were prepared via nanoprecipitation and nCmP were prepared by spray drying and the physicochemical characteristics were evaluated.

Results:

The nanoparticles were …

Protein-Targeted Corona Phase Molecular Recognition, Gili Bisker, Juyao Dong, Hoyoung D. Park, Nicole M. Iverson, Jiyoung Ahn, Justin T. Nelson, Markita P. Landry, Sebastian Kruss, Michael S. Strano

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe) uses a heteropolymer adsorbed onto and templated by a nanoparticle surface to recognize a specific target analyte. This method has not yet been extended to macromolecular analytes, including proteins. Herein we develop a variant of a CoPhMoRe screening procedure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and use it against a panel of human blood proteins, revealing a specific corona phase that recognizes fibrinogen with high selectivity. In response to fibrinogen binding, SWCNT fluorescence decreases by >80% at saturation. Sequential binding of the three fibrinogen nodules is suggested by selective fluorescence quenching by isolated sub-domains and validated …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Curcumin Polymer For Application In Radiation Induced Lung Damage, Mark C. Bailey

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Radiotherapy is used as a primary treatment for many cancers, including lung cancer. Although radiotherapy has proven to be an effective cancer treatment, its use is heavily limited due to the peripheral toxicity to healthy tissue. In this work, the antioxidant, curcumin, was tested as a radioprotectant to reduce radiation damage to healthy cells. Curcumin has been limited in use due to its poor bioavailability. In order to avoid problems associated with free curcumin delivery, curcumin poly(beta-amino ester) (CPBAE) was synthesized.

The first study investigated the in vitro radioprotection effect of curcumin in HUVEC dosed with gamma radiation. Cells treated …

Selective, Catalytic Decomposition Of Hydrazine, Benjamin A. Kitson, Shirin N. Oliaee

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The selective, catalytic decomposition of hydrazine has been investigated using a 1 wt% Pt-Ni(OH)₂ catalyst system quantitatively studied by changing the following parameters; reaction solution alkalinity, temperature, hydrazine concentration, catalyst selectivity, catalyst stability, and catalyst durability. Using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the best alkalinity was found to be 1 M NaOH. The optimal temperature was found to be 50 °C for complete hydrazine conversion. A hydrazine concentration of 0.1 M produced the most effective reaction. The catalyst was found to be completely selective in hydrogen and nitrogen production with no ammonia formation. The catalyst activity decreased by 15% after 8 …

Optimization Of An Agitated Extractor, Evan Zapf

Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two

In this scenario, we use calculus to determine the optimal operating specifications of a chemical extraction process. The results are achieved by first developing an expression that yields the total annual cost of the process. Factoring in electricity, vessel, agitator, and solvent costs, an annual cost expression was fabricated. AGIEX company manufactures a certain amount of a product, A, which has an impurity that it wishes be reduced. By engineering an optimally sized vessel to perform the extraction of impurity, the company will save costs by ensuring no inefficient spending on power or excess solvent occurs. A specific amount of …

Age-Related Hearing Loss: Prevention Of Threshold Declines, Cell Loss And Apoptosis In Spiral Ganglion Neurons, Robert D. Frisina, Bo Ding, Xiaoxia Zhu, Joseph P. Walton

Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) -presbycusis - is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and number one communication disorder of our aged population; and affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Its prevalence is close to that of cardiovascular disease and arthritis, and can be a precursor to dementia. The auditory perceptual dysfunction is well understood, but knowledge of the biological bases of ARHL is still somewhat lacking. Surprisingly, there are no FDA-approved drugs for treatment. Based on our previous studies of human subjects, where we discovered relations between serum aldosterone levels and the severity of ARHL, we treated middle age mice …

An Injectable Stem Cell Delivery System For Treatment Of Musculoskeletal Defects, Shirae Leslie

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this research was to develop a system of injectable hydrogels to deliver stem cells to musculoskeletal defects, thereby allowing cells to remain at the treatment site and secrete soluble factors that will facilitate tissue regeneration. First, production parameters for encapsulating cells in microbeads were determined. This involved investigating the effects of osmolytes on alginate microbead properties, and the effects of alginate microbead cell density, alginate microbead density, and effects of osteogenic media on microencapsulated cells. Although cells remained viable in the microbeads, alginate does not readily degrade in vivo for six months. Therefore, a method to incorporate …

High-Temperature, High-Pressure Viscosities And Densities Of Toluene, Aaron J. Rowane

Theses and Dissertations

High-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) conditions are exemplified in ultra-deep petroleum reservoirs and can be exhibited within diesel engines. Accurate pure component hydrocarbon data is essential in understanding the overall behavior of petroleum and diesel fuel at these conditions. The present study focuses on the HTHP properties of toluene since this hydrocarbon is frequently used to increase the octane rating of gasoline and toluene occurs naturally in crude oil. In this thesis experimental densities and viscosity are presented to 535 K and 300 MPa extending the database of toluene viscosity data to higher temperature than previous studies. The data is correlated to …

Fully Solution Processed Pedot:Pss And Silver Nanowire Semi-Transparent Electrodes For Thin Film Solar Cells, Bjorn Vaagensmith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), such as semitransparent organic solar cells (OSC) for power generating windows, is a promising method for implementing renewable energy under the looming threat of depleting fossil fuels. OSC require a solution processed transparent electrode to be cost effective; but typically employ a nonsolution processed indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode. PEDOT:PSS and silver nanowire transparent electrodes have emerged as a promising alternative to ITO and are solution processed compatible. However, PEDOT:PSS requires a strong acid treatment, which is incompatible with high throughput solution processed fabrication techniques. Silver nanowires suffer from a short lifetime when subject to …

Bio-Inspired Synthesis Of Nanostructured Materials On Substrates For Environmental And Energy Applications, Xinghua Meng Meng

Wayne State University Dissertations

It is still a challenging task to develop simple methods for facile synthesis of functional nanostructures on substrates under mild conditions without using expensive instruments. We have successfully developed a bio-inspired method using simple diaphragm-assisted system to synthesize functional nanostructures on various substrates under mild conditions. We have systematically studied the effects of experimental parameters on the formation of nanostructures under controlled conditions. The fundamental mechanism involved has been systematically studied and revealed. By growing the unique networks of nanostructures on a piece of substrate, a double-rough surface, with structures at both nanoscale and microscale, has been achieved, showing interesting …

Dynamic And Thermal Properties Of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Epoxy Nanocomposites, Jaeyong Shin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Reverse-Selective Behavior Of The Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Based Membranes, Amir Khakpay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This experimental study explore the reverse-selective potential of RTIL based membranes by lowering the solubility of the non-condensing gases like N2 and CH4. It explored reverse-selectivity by measuring the permeance of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, propylene, propane, 1-butene, and butane in supported ionic liquid membranes (SILM). Particular attention was given to the reverse-selective behavior in the propane/methane and propane/nitrogen separations. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted in a batch gas permeance system. The permeance of the above-mentioned gases was obtained using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the support and [emim][Tf2N], [emim][BF4], [emim][TfO], [emim][DCA], [emim][SCN], and [bmim][NO3] as immobilized …

Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide On Carbon Nanostructures: Defect Structures & Electrocatalytic Activity, Pranav Parag Sharma

Theses and Dissertations

The advantages of the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels using renewable energy sources are two-fold: (1) it has the potential to accomplish a carbon-neutral energy cycle and (2) it can provide an approach to tackle the environmental challenges caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Although thermodynamically possible, the kinetics of carbon dioxide reduction to fuels remains challenging and therefore, an efficient and robust electrocatalyst is needed to promote the reaction. The ideal catalyst for the electrochemical CO2 reduction must be capable of mediating multiple proton-coupled electron transfer reactions at low overpotentials, suppressing the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction, converting …

Biodegradable Hybrid Tissue Engineering Scaffolds For Reconstruction Of Large Bone Defects, Danial Barati

Theses and Dissertations

Complex skeletal injuries and large bone fractures are still a significant clinical problem in US. Approximately 1.5 million Americans (veterans, their families, and civilians) every year suffer from bone loss due to traumatic skeletal injuries, infection, and resection of primary tumors that require extensive grafting to bridge the gap. The US bone graft market is over $2.2 billion a year. Due to insufficient mechanical stability, lack of vascularity, and inadequate resorption of the graft, patients with traumatic large skeletal injuries undergo multiple costly operations followed by extensive recovery steps to maintain proper bone alignment and length. Current strategies for repairing …

Mathematical Modeling Of Transport And Corrosion Phenomenon Inside High Temperature Molten Salt Systems, Bahareh Alsadat Tavakoli Mehrabadi

Theses and Dissertations

In today's world, alternative clean methods of energy are needed to meet growing energy demands. Concentrating solar thermal power, more commonly referred to as CSP, is unique among renewable energy generators because even though it is variable, like solar photovoltaic and wind, it can easily be coupled with thermal energy storage as well as conventional fuels, making it highly dispatchable. One challenge with concentrated solar power (CSP) systems is the potential corrosion of the alloys in the receivers and heat exchangers at high-temperature (700-1000 °C), which leads to a reduction of heat transfer efficiency and influences the systems durability. The …

The Oxidation And Decoration Chemistry Of Platinum And Palladium Nanoparticles On Carbon Supports, Ritubarna Banerjee

Theses and Dissertations

Ultrasmall platinum and palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon are used in a wide variety of industrial catalytic processes including hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions, isomerization of hydrocarbons, ammonia and formic acid decomposition, the oxidation of carbon monoxide, alcohols and ammonia, and fuel cells. This dissertation covers three aspects of the chemistry of these ultrasmall, carbon supported nanoparticles.

In the first vein of work, the oft-observed discrepancy in Pd nanoparticle size estimation between chemisorption and other methods such as STEM and XRD is explored. It is demonstrated that lower-than-expected chemisorption uptake can stem from not only residual chloride, but also from the decoration of …

Electrochemical Detection Of Antioxidants, Garrett Thompson

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Well Dispersed Supported Metal Catalysts By Strong Electrostatic Adsorption And Electroless Deposition, John Meynard Macasero Tengco

Theses and Dissertations

Enhancing the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts can be done by increasing active site count as well as modification of the physico-chemical characteristics of the catalyst material. For supported metal nanoparticles this can be achieved by decreasing particle size, thus increasing dispersion or metal utilization on the surface of the particles, while modification of metal properties can be attained by addition of a secondary metal that has a strong interaction to the primary metal, beneficial for a given reaction. In addition, the accessibility of the metal surface is necessary for reliable performance of catalysts. For carbon supported catalysts, Temperature Programmed …

Development Of A Pressure Swing Adsorption (Psa) Cycle For Co2 Capture From Flue Gas Using A 4-Bed Psa Apparatus, Joshua White

Theses and Dissertations

Pressure swing adsorption is an effective way to capture CO2 from flue gases in energy plants. Pressure swing adsorption utilizes an adsorbent’s selectivity to a specific compound to remove it from a feed stream. Zeolite 13X was used for this research to obtain a high purity and recovery of CO2 at a higher feed flow than previous research. The first part of the work was to use in house FORTRAN based Dynamic Adsorption Process Simulator (DAPS) that uses the finite difference method and the time adaptive Differential- Algebraic Equation (DAE) solver called DASPK to narrow down appropriate experiment criteria for …

Rational Synthesis To Optimize Ruthenium-Based Biomass Conversion Catalysts, Shuo Cao

Theses and Dissertations

With worldwide petroleum resources dwindling and greenhouse gas emissions rising, it is urgent to find renewable replacements for petroleum-derived products. A biomass-derived chemical with high potential as a platform intermediate, γ-valerolactone (GVL) can be readily synthesized by hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA), itself a common biomass intermediate, using supported Ru catalysts. Overall, vapor phase hydrogenation is more energy sensitive as the higher boiling point of LA (~245°C) and requires a high energy input, comparable to liquid phase hydrogenation, which is more economical. To date the literature on many novel biomass conversion processes such as the hydrogenation of LA to GVL …

Conceptual Parameters Necessary For Modeling Wettability Alteration In An Enhanced Smart Brine-Chalk System, Ahmed Abdulkareem Hussein Albahrani

Masters Theses

"Achieving higher recovery of oil from proven carbonate reserves around the world is not an easy task. One promising new method, especially for carbonate reservoirs, is the use of "Smart Water" technology, which is an injection water with carefully determined, optimal ionic composition and salinity. Recent experiments have shown good recovery results, but the mechanism of wettability alteration by this fluid are still not well understood. The goal of this study is to review the high and optimal salinity and ionic composition literature plus perform dimensional analysis of key variables in order to shed light on the physical and chemical …

Global Sensitivity Analysis For A Comprehensive Char Conversion Model In Oxy-Fuel Conditions, Troy Michael Holland, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Oxy-fired coal combustion is a promising potential carbon capture technology. Predictive CFD simulations are valuable tools in evaluating and deploying oxy-fuel and other carbon capture technologies either as retrofit technologies or for new construction. However, accurate predictive simulations require physically realistic submodels with low computational requirements. In particular, comprehensive char oxidation and gasification models have been developed that describe multiple reaction and diffusion processes. This work focuses on the sensitivity of a recent comprehensive char conversion code named CCK, which treats surface oxidation and gasification reactions as well as the processes such as film diffusion, pore diffusion, ash encapsulation, and …