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Articles 10531 - 10560 of 14131
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Treatment Of Voc Emissions In A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bioreactor, Kyla Clarke, Gordon A. Hill, Todd S. Pugsley
Treatment Of Voc Emissions In A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bioreactor, Kyla Clarke, Gordon A. Hill, Todd S. Pugsley
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A fluidized bioreactor, with a bed of moist sawdust and glass spheres, successfully treated ethanol-contaminated air. The maximum elimination capacity was 75 g m-3sawdust h-1 for the fluidized bed compared to 225 g m-3sawdust h-1 for a packed bed (essentially a biofilter).
The Effect Of Vibrations On Fluidized Cohesive Powders, Diego Barletta, Giorgio Donsì, Giovanna Ferrari, Massimo Poletto, Paola Russo
The Effect Of Vibrations On Fluidized Cohesive Powders, Diego Barletta, Giorgio Donsì, Giovanna Ferrari, Massimo Poletto, Paola Russo
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The fluidization of a cohesive silica powder has been tested with the help of mechanical vibration. The experiments showed how the effectiveness of vibrations changed with the vibrational acceleration and frequency. The aggregative behavior of powders has been highlighted and a model procedure is proposed to predict the aggregate size starting from the measurement of powder flow properties with conventional shear testers.
Vibro-Fluidization Characteristics For Size Arranged Agglomerates, Yoshihide Mawatari, Yuji Tatemoto, Katsuji Noda, Masato Yamamura, Hiroyuki Kage
Vibro-Fluidization Characteristics For Size Arranged Agglomerates, Yoshihide Mawatari, Yuji Tatemoto, Katsuji Noda, Masato Yamamura, Hiroyuki Kage
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Fine cohesive powders (Geldart’s group-C) were fluidized with a vibro-fluidized bed. Diameters of the powder used in this study were 0.2μm. For 0.2μm titanium oxide powder, stable and relatively large agglomerates were observed. In this study, the size distribution of agglomerates was arranged by sieving to examine its effect on the fluidization characteristics, such as the minimum fluidization velocity, the minimum bubbling velocity and the bed expansion ratio. The fluidization characteristics were drastically influenced by the size distribution of agglomerates. It was found that the size arrangement of agglomerates was one of the factors to obtain stable fluidization state for …
An Investigation Of Carbon Nanotube Jet Grinding, Cedric Briens, Carole E. Baddour, Serge Bordere, Patrice Gaillard, Didier Anglerot
An Investigation Of Carbon Nanotube Jet Grinding, Cedric Briens, Carole E. Baddour, Serge Bordere, Patrice Gaillard, Didier Anglerot
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The main challenges for the development of an industrial process for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesis are the formation of agglomerates and the control of their size distribution. The project objective was to investigate the feasibility of CNT grinding with two arrangements. Experiments showed that a commercial jet mill can meet product quality requirements. However, in-situ grinding of CNTs, within the fluidized bed reactor, would improve both the productivity and quality of CNTs. A new, two-parameter grinding model shows that the primary grinding mechanism is fragmentation for the jet mill and erosion in the fluidized bed column.
Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Obtained By Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis Of Virgin Or Recycled Plastics, Umberto Arena, Maria Laura Mastellone
Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Obtained By Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis Of Virgin Or Recycled Plastics, Umberto Arena, Maria Laura Mastellone
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A new technique for a continuous, mass production of high-quality multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), based on fluidized bed pyrolysis of polymers (virgin or recycled polyolefins and recycled polyethylene terephtalate), is described in detail. The study investigates the role of interactions between the bed material and the polymer particles injected into the reactor as well as that of the reactor temperature. Results are reported in terms of yield and quality of obtained MWCNTs, all characterized by thermogravimetrical analysis and SEM microscopy. The production of MWCNTs, in a relatively large quantity and at a low cost, is demonstrated as technically feasible.
The Effects Of Thermally Induced Interparticle Forces On The Expansion And Bubbling Behaviour Of A Fluidized Bed, Rossella Girimonte, Bruno Formisani
The Effects Of Thermally Induced Interparticle Forces On The Expansion And Bubbling Behaviour Of A Fluidized Bed, Rossella Girimonte, Bruno Formisani
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The paper addresses the transition to the bubbling regime of solid beds belonging to Geldart’s group A, from ambient temperature to 500°C. The analysis of the influence exerted by operating temperature on the variables that characterize both the homogeneous expansion of the bed and the onset of a steady bubbling regime is conducted on the fluidization map of the fluidized bed, namely the voidage velocity diagram into which results of the fluidization and bed collapse experiments are merged. The results obtained show that at elevated temperatures the ability of the fluidized bed to preserve the homogeneous fluidization regime is extended …
Modeling Mercury Capture By Powdered Activated Carbon In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Fabrizio Scala, Riccardo Chirone, Amedeo Lancia
Modeling Mercury Capture By Powdered Activated Carbon In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Fabrizio Scala, Riccardo Chirone, Amedeo Lancia
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A steady state model of mercury capture on activated carbon in a bubbling fluidized bed of inert material is presented. The model takes into account the fluidized bed fluid-dynamics, the presence of both free and adhered carbon in the reactor as well as mass transfer limitations and mercury adsorption equilibrium. The activated carbon adsorption parameters and the relative amount of free versus adhered carbon in the reactor have been estimated with purposely designed experiments. Model results are compared with results from mercury capture experiments conducted with commercial powdered activated carbon at 100°C in a lab-scale pyrex fluidized bed of inert …
Study Of Methanol To Formaldehyde Reaction In Fluidized Bed Reactor, Jamshid Khorshidi, Mansour Kalbasi
Study Of Methanol To Formaldehyde Reaction In Fluidized Bed Reactor, Jamshid Khorshidi, Mansour Kalbasi
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Formaldehyde, as a valuable compound, has been widely used in chemical processes and is usually produced through the catalytic oxidization of methanol in a fixed bed reactor. In the present work, this reaction has been studied in a fluidized bed reactor. For this purpose, a stainless steel fluidized bed reactor , which has the capability of controlling the temperature and flow rate of the streams, has been employed. The effects of different operating variables on the performance of the above-mentioned reactor are studied. The results are compared with the two and three phase models.
2-D Simulation Of The Catalytic Dechlorination Of P-Chlorophenol In A Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed, Joaquín Pinto-Espinoza, Damian Reyes-Jaquez, Adriana Martínez-Prado, Carlos F. Cruz-Fierro
2-D Simulation Of The Catalytic Dechlorination Of P-Chlorophenol In A Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed, Joaquín Pinto-Espinoza, Damian Reyes-Jaquez, Adriana Martínez-Prado, Carlos F. Cruz-Fierro
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
This study adopted the fundamentals of the catalytic dechlorination of p-chlorophenol in a MSFB column, technology developed by Graham (1). A CFD-DPM approach is used to simulate the catalytic process. The code is validated by comparison with the experimental results, considering the p-chlorophenol removal and the particle catalyst deactivation.
Photocatalytic Degradation Of Toluene By Nano-Tio2 In A Fluidized Bed, Xiaoping Zhang, Cong Liao
Photocatalytic Degradation Of Toluene By Nano-Tio2 In A Fluidized Bed, Xiaoping Zhang, Cong Liao
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The mixed gas of toluene and air was used as treated gas, self-made fluidized bed and ultraviolet lamp and TiO2/silica gel prepared in laboratory used as photo reactor and light source and photo-catalyst respectively to degrade toluene in the treated gas. The effects of operating parameters including initial concentration, operating gas velocity, ultraviolet light intensity and bed layer height on degradation rate of toluene have been probed into in this research. The results showed that degradation rate of toluene was independent of initial concentration (20～55mg/m3) but decreased with higher initial concentration; the degradation rate of toluene increased with gas velocity …
Fluidized Bed Polymer Particle Ald Process For Producing Hdpe/Alumina Nanocomposites, Joseph A. Spencer, Xinhua Liang, Steven M. George, Karen J. Buechler, John Blackson, Charles J. Wood, John R. Dorgan, Alan W. Weimer
Fluidized Bed Polymer Particle Ald Process For Producing Hdpe/Alumina Nanocomposites, Joseph A. Spencer, Xinhua Liang, Steven M. George, Karen J. Buechler, John Blackson, Charles J. Wood, John R. Dorgan, Alan W. Weimer
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Micron-sized High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) particles were coated with ultrathin alumina (Al2O3) films in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) at 77 ºC. Al2O3 films on the HDPE particles were confirmed by different methods. These particles were extruded conventionally with the ceramic shells mixing intimately in the polymer matrix. The successful dispersion of the Al2O3 shells in the polymer matrix following extrusion was confirmed using cross sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Influence Of Fb Conditions On Processes Within A Large Fuel Particle During Initial Phases Of Conversion, Milijana Paprika, Mirko Komatina, Franz Winter, Dragoljub Dakic
Influence Of Fb Conditions On Processes Within A Large Fuel Particle During Initial Phases Of Conversion, Milijana Paprika, Mirko Komatina, Franz Winter, Dragoljub Dakic
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A theoretical study has been performed in order to investigate the interaction between fluidized bed (FB) temperature and original size of coal, and the pressure rise within a large coal particle during the initial phases of the combustion process. A mathematical model, describing the devolatilization process, has included the internal and external heat transfer, primary decomposition reactions and mass transfer. The model has shown how the FB temperature and original size of coal reflect on the pressure profile of the coal particle during the devolatilization. One of the major consequences of coal devolatilization in the fluidized bed is the primary …
Performance Characteristics Of An 8 Mw(Th) Combined Heat And Power Plant Based On Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Of Solid Biomass, Tobias Pröll, Reinhard Rauch, Christian Aichernig, Hermann Hofbauer
Performance Characteristics Of An 8 Mw(Th) Combined Heat And Power Plant Based On Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Of Solid Biomass, Tobias Pröll, Reinhard Rauch, Christian Aichernig, Hermann Hofbauer
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The work focuses on a dual fluidized bed gasification technology for which a model has been developed and validated accompanying the operation of the 8 MWth biomass combined heat and power plant in Guessing/Austria. The reactor concept is a circulating fluidized bed system with a large steam-fluidized bubbling bed integrated into the solids return loop. The solids circulation rate is shown versus the riser exit velocity. Further, plant performance maps are presented for both electric and heat power output. The water content of the fuel is a major parameter with respect to plant performance. High fuel water content at high …
Modeling Fuel Mixing In A Fluidized Bed Combustor, David Pallarès, Filip Johnsson
Modeling Fuel Mixing In A Fluidized Bed Combustor, David Pallarès, Filip Johnsson
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
This paper presents a 3-dimensional model for fuel mixing in fluidized bed combustors. The model accounts for the mixing patterns experimentally shown to govern the mixing in the different zones of the riser and the return leg and can be applied both under bubbling and circulating regimes. Thus, the semi-empirical basis of the model was previously validated in different large-scale fluidized bed combustors and is combined with a model for fuel particle conversion to obtain the fuel concentration. Results obtained with the model are compared with experimental data from the Chalmers 12 MWth CFB combustor, yielding reasonably agreement.
Fast Pyrolysis Of Biomass In A Circulating Fluidised Bed, Manon Van De Velden, Xianfeng Fan, Andy Ingram, Jan Baeyens
Fast Pyrolysis Of Biomass In A Circulating Fluidised Bed, Manon Van De Velden, Xianfeng Fan, Andy Ingram, Jan Baeyens
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
CFB biomass pyrolysis produces mostly bio-oil. Reaction rates are fast (k > 0.5 s-1). Yields exceed 60 wt% of bio-oil at 500 °C and at a residence time for oil and char t < 2.5 s. as achieved in plug flow CFB-mode, shown by PEPT to occur at U > (Utr + 1) m/s and G > 200 kg/m² s.
Modeling Of An Interconnected Fluidized Bed Reactor For Chemical Looping Combustion, Min Xu, Naoko Ellis, Ho-Jung Ryu , C. Jim Lim
Modeling Of An Interconnected Fluidized Bed Reactor For Chemical Looping Combustion, Min Xu, Naoko Ellis, Ho-Jung Ryu , C. Jim Lim
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is comprised of two reactors, in which direct contact between air and fuel is avoided. A metal oxide, as oxygen carrier, transports oxygen from the air reactor to the fuel reactor while circulating between them. Based on the hydrodynamics coupled with reaction kinetics of oxygen carrier from the literature, a model for an interconnected fluidized bed reactor has been developed to optimize the design and operation of the reactor system. The model considers the chemical reaction of a single particle and a particle population balance for the calculation of bed particle conversion. The core-annulus and two-phase …
Experimental Analysis Of Fuel Mixing Patterns In A Fluidized Bed, David Pallarès, Pedro A. Díez, Filip Johnsson
Experimental Analysis Of Fuel Mixing Patterns In A Fluidized Bed, David Pallarès, Pedro A. Díez, Filip Johnsson
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The mixing pattern of a tracer particle which simulates a fuel particle is studied in a cold 2-dimensional fluidized bed with respect to the influence of fluidization velocity, bed height, tracer particle size and air-distributor pressure drop under conditions typical for bubbling fluidized bed boilers as well as the bottom region of circulating fluidized bed boilers. The results show that for all conditions studied, the tracer particle follows a flow pattern structured into horizontally-aligned vortexes.
Continuous And Semi-Continuous Operations Of Chemical-Looping Combustion In An Annular Fluidized Bed Reactor With Solids Circulation, Sung Real Son, Sang Done Kim, Jea-Keun Lee
Continuous And Semi-Continuous Operations Of Chemical-Looping Combustion In An Annular Fluidized Bed Reactor With Solids Circulation, Sung Real Son, Sang Done Kim, Jea-Keun Lee
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) of methane was carried out in an annular shape fluidized bed reactor with double circulations. Combustion efficiency of the continuous and semi-continuous operations with NiO and Fe2O3 supported on bentonite were determined. Combustion efficiencies of the semi-continuous operations with NiO/bentonite and Fe2O3/bentonite are over 99 % in both cases, and those of the continuous operations are around 97 % and 72 %, respectively. The chemical reactivity of NiO is higher than Fe2O3 in the CLC process. The concentration of CO in flue gas was below 1% and no H2 emission was detected.
Experimental And Computational Studies Of Gas Mixing In Conical Spouted Beds, Zhiguo Wang, C. Jim Lim, Xiaotao T. Bi
Experimental And Computational Studies Of Gas Mixing In Conical Spouted Beds, Zhiguo Wang, C. Jim Lim, Xiaotao T. Bi
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The residence time distribution data in a conical spouted bed, obtained both from the bed bottom and the bed surface at different radial positions, were analyzed to obtain the mean residence time and the Peclet number. In parallel, local flow structures of a bed with the same dimensions and operating conditions as in the experiment were generated from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using the FLUENT codes, and then were used for the simulation of gas dispersion. The results show that CFD simulations agree reasonably well with experiments. The radial distribution of the Peclet number is quite complex, with …
The Influence Of Air Nozzles' Shape On The Nox Emission In The Large-Scale 670 Mwt Cfb Boiler, Pawel Mirek, Robert Sekret, Wojciech Nowak
The Influence Of Air Nozzles' Shape On The Nox Emission In The Large-Scale 670 Mwt Cfb Boiler, Pawel Mirek, Robert Sekret, Wojciech Nowak
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
An analysis of the influence of air nozzles’ shape design on the NOx emission in the large-scale CFB boilers operated under comparable operating conditions was undertaken in the study. The obtained results have shown, that the change in primary air distribution in the lower part of the combustion chamber has substantially influenced the intensity of the combustion process and the temperature distribution along the CFB structure height.
Particle Population Balances In A Refuse Derived Fuel Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor, Kai Redemann, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, Joachim Werther
Particle Population Balances In A Refuse Derived Fuel Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor, Kai Redemann, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, Joachim Werther
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
With a population balance model the effects of changes in the operation of a circulating fluidized bed combustor on the bed inventory are simulated. Feeding, discharge and recirculation of solids as well as separation effects in the combustion chamber and in the cyclone are considered. The model predictions are compared with measurements at the refuse-derived fuel incineration plant Neumuenster. The simulation shows that by sieving of the ash withdrawn from the bottom of the combustion chamber and recycling the fine fractions to the bed the non-elutriable fraction of the ash in the bottom zone of the circulating fluidized bed (CF …
Scaling Relationships Of Gas-Solid Spouted Beds , Jian Xu, Ye Ji, Weisheng Wei, Xiaojun Bao, Wei Du
Scaling Relationships Of Gas-Solid Spouted Beds , Jian Xu, Ye Ji, Weisheng Wei, Xiaojun Bao, Wei Du
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
An additional parameter, the particle-particle coefficient of restitution was added to the scaling relationship of spouted beds proposed by He et al. (4) by granular kinetic theory analysis of the particle movements in both spout and annulus regions. The experimental verification was conducted in two spouted beds with 80 and 120 mm ID. It has been found that good similarity could not be obtained when the coefficients of restitution were not matched.
Cold Modelling Of An Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor, Tony Boyd, John R. Grace, C. Jim Lim, A. M. Adris
Cold Modelling Of An Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor, Tony Boyd, John R. Grace, C. Jim Lim, A. M. Adris
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A novel fluidized bed membrane reactor with internal catalyst circulation is being developed for the production of high-purity H2 from an autothermal reformer. In order to provide guidance to pilot reactor testing, a cold model was built to study the influence of reactor configuration on hydrodynamics and catalyst circulation. It was found that catalyst circulation was reproducible, but that parallel non-communicating flow channels could lead to flow instability. Solids circulation was found to be adequate for design of the autothermal reformer.
Thermal Conversion Of Biomass And Waste, Liban Yassin, Paola Lettieri, Stefaan Simons, Antonino Germanà
Thermal Conversion Of Biomass And Waste, Liban Yassin, Paola Lettieri, Stefaan Simons, Antonino Germanà
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
This paper investigates the process designs of 2 fluidized bed gasification plants utilizing clean biomass. Energy and mass balances for each process were carried out and ChemCAD was used to evaluate the energy recovery process by simulating the operation of a steam turbine and a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT).
Numerical Simulation Of Spouted Bed Reactors Using Process Engineering Models: Application To Coal Gasification, Alexandra Mendes, Alain Dollet, Carine Ablitzer, Gilles Flamant, Christophe Perrais
Numerical Simulation Of Spouted Bed Reactors Using Process Engineering Models: Application To Coal Gasification, Alexandra Mendes, Alain Dollet, Carine Ablitzer, Gilles Flamant, Christophe Perrais
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A spouted bed reactor operating at high temperature has been modelled using one dimensional models based on process engineering concepts. The process of coal gasification has been selected to demonstrate the models achievements and predictions have been compared to previous spouted bed reactor experimental results.
Bubble Size And Mass Transfer In A Modified Airlift Loop Reactor With Continuous Slurry Phase, Mengxi Liu, Chunxi Lu, Mingxian Shi
Bubble Size And Mass Transfer In A Modified Airlift Loop Reactor With Continuous Slurry Phase, Mengxi Liu, Chunxi Lu, Mingxian Shi
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A modified internal airlift loop reactor with continuous slurry phases was explored to investigate the local bubble size and the local mass transfer properties. A mathematical model was derived to simulate the bubble size in every flow region. Also, a new method was developed to measure the dissolved oxygen concentration.
Fluid Mechanical Phenomena Of Liquid-Solid Fluidization In The Centrifugal Field, Jan Margraf , Joachim Werther
Fluid Mechanical Phenomena Of Liquid-Solid Fluidization In The Centrifugal Field, Jan Margraf , Joachim Werther
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The flow pattern in a rotating liquid-solid fluidized bed with particles in the micron range was investigated in the bed and in the freeboard. Simulations of the liquid flow in absence of particles with the CFD-Software CFX 5.7 showed a strong influence of the Coriolis force, which results in high tangential velocities. Experiments in a 1 m diameter rotor confirmed the results of the simulation. The fluidized bed is also moving in the tangential direction. The bed expansion is described by a Richardson-Zaki type correlation.
Numerical Modelling Of Sloshing With Vof Method, Hamid Rezaei, Mohammad Javad Ketabdari
Numerical Modelling Of Sloshing With Vof Method, Hamid Rezaei, Mohammad Javad Ketabdari
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Sloshing in tanks carrying LNG, LPG and petroleum is an important phenomenon as dynamic pressure arises from sloshing can destroy the containing tanks. So it is vital to consider this phenomenon in design stages of carriers. The governing equations in fluid flow are conservation of mass and momentum. Modeling of free surface flow in tank needs a suitable tool. One of the most powerful tools to model the free surface is VOF method. Employing additional transport equation together with conservation of mass and momentum enable us to follow the free surface changes. A computer code was developed to evaluate sloshing …
Dynamic Simulation Of Gas Hydrate Formation In An Agitated Three-Phase Slurry Reactor, Shahrzad Hashemi, Arturo Macchi , Phillip Servio
Dynamic Simulation Of Gas Hydrate Formation In An Agitated Three-Phase Slurry Reactor, Shahrzad Hashemi, Arturo Macchi , Phillip Servio
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Gas hydrate growth was simulated in an agitated three-phase slurry reactor using a dynamic model that incorporates hydrate formation kinetics as well as system hydrodynamics and interphase heat and mass transfer rates. Supersaturation ratios and mole consumption rates were evaluated as a function of time for different gas and liquid superficial velocities. Based on available data and the conditions investigated, the kinetic resistance was found to be more influential than the resistance to gas-liquid mass transfer.
Hydrodynamic And Rtd Of Sectionalized Bubble Column, Nahidh W. Mecaial, Burhan Sadik
Hydrodynamic And Rtd Of Sectionalized Bubble Column, Nahidh W. Mecaial, Burhan Sadik
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The sectionalization of conventional bubble columns to tray partitioned bubble column using perforated trays has been used to investigate the effect of tray hole diameter, tray open area, superficial gas velocity, gas sparger design, and liquid phase properties on gas holdup, residence time distribution (RTD), and overall liquid-phase backmixing. The erected column is sectionalized into three stages using two perforated plates of different holes diameter and open free area. Overall gas holdup is measured experimentally by bed expansion technique. Liquid backmixing, mixing time and axial dispersion model (ADM) is determined using tracer response experiments. In general, it seems that the …